scholarly journals Inorganic and Organic Amendments Affect Soil Fertility, Nutrition, Photosystem II Activity, and Fruit Weight and May Enhance the Sustainability of Solanum lycopersicon L. (cv. ‘Mountain Fresh’) Crop

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theocharis Chatzistathis ◽  
Vasileios Tzanakakis ◽  
Anastasia Giannakoula ◽  
Polyxeni Psoma
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicon ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Total Plant Biomass ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Goat Manure

One of the most important issues for modern agriculture is how to decrease fertilization rates and enhance the sustainability of crops, without decreasing yields. Two inorganic (zeolite—zeo; vermiculite—ver) amendments and their mixtures with an organic soil amendment (goat manure) (i.e., zeo + ver, manure + ver, manure + zeo) were tested, and compared to the application of a controlled release fertilizer (CRF), in order to investigate if they were able to satisfy the nutritional needs of Solanum lycopersicon L. plants. For this purpose, a 112-day pot experiment was performed. After zeo and manure application, exchangeable K was increased from 16.5 times to 37.5 times. At the end of the experiment, total plant biomass was significantly higher in the CRF treatment, compared to the ver treatments (ver, ver + manure). Leaf K concentration was significantly higher in the zeo treatment (5.93% dw), compared to those determined in the CRF, ver, and ver + manure. In contrast, significantly higher foliar N was found in the CRF (4.83% dw) and zeo + ver (4.24% dw) treatments, compared to manure + ver. Finally, photosystem II (PSII) activity was significantly higher in ver, and this was ascribed to the optimum foliar Mn found in this treatment (138 mg kg−1 dw). It is expected that these data will provide a thorough insight towards decreasing chemical fertilization inputs and enhancing the sustainability of Solanum lycopersicon L. crop.

scholarly journals Organic Materials and Their Chemically Extracted Humic and Fulvic Acids as Potential Soil Amendments for Faba Bean Cultivation in Soils with Varying CaCO3 Contents

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Ihab M. Farid ◽  
Mohamed A. El-Ghozoli ◽  
Mohamed H. H. Abbas ◽  
Dalia S. El-Atrony ◽  
Hassan H. Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Factor C

Organic amendments are important sources of nutrients that release upon organic matter degradation, yet the stability of these organics in arid and semi-arid regions is relatively low. In contrast, humic substances (HS) are resistant to biodegradation and can keep nutrients in the soil available for the plant over a long time. Combinations between humic substances (HS) and mineral-N fertilizers are assumed to retain higher available nutrients in soils than those recorded for the sole application of either mineral or organic applications. We anticipate, however, that humic substances might not be as efficient as the organics from which they were extracted in increasing NP uptake by plants. To test these assumptions, faba bean was planted in a pot experiment under greenhouse conditions following a complete randomized design while considering three factors: two soils (calcareous and non-calcareous, Factor A), two organics (biogas and compost, Factor B) and combinations of the organics and their extracts (HA or FA) together with complementary doses of mineral-N ((NH4)2SO4) to attain a total rate of 50 kg N ha−1 (the recommended dose for faba bean plants) (Factor C). Results indicated that nitrogenase activity increased significantly due to the application of the used organics. In this respect, compost manure caused higher nitrogenase activity than biogas manure did. Humic substances raised NP-availability and the uptake by plants significantly; however, the values of increase were lower than those that occurred due to the compost or biogas manure. Moreover, the sole application of the used organics recorded the highest increases in plant biomass. Significant correlations were also detected between NP-availability, uptake and plant biomass. This means that HS could probably retain nutrients in available forms for long time periods, yet nutrients released continuously but slowly upon decomposition of organics seemed more important for plant nutrition.

scholarly journals Potential Use of Organic- and Hard-Rock Mine Wastes on Aided Phytostabilization of Large-Scale Mine Tailings under Semiarid Mediterranean Climatic Conditions: Short-Term Field Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Santibañez ◽  
Luz María de la Fuente ◽  
Elena Bustamante ◽  
Sergio Silva ◽  
Pedro León-Lobos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Goat Manure ◽  
Site Rehabilitation

The study evaluated the efficacy of organic- and hard-rock mine waste type materials on aided phytostabilization of Cu mine tailings under semiarid Mediterranean conditions in order to promote integrated waste management practices at local levels and to rehabilitate large-scale (from 300 to 3,000 ha) postoperative tailings storage facilities (TSFs). A field trial with 13 treatments was established on a TSF to test the efficacy of six waste-type locally available amendments (grape and olive residues, biosolids, goat manure, sediments from irrigation canals, and rubble from Cu-oxide lixiviation piles) during early phases of site rehabilitation. Results showed that, even though an interesting range of waste-type materials were tested, biosolids (100 t ha-1dry weight, d.w.) and grape residues (200 t ha-1d.w.), either alone or mixed, were the most suitable organic amendments when incorporated into tailings to a depth of 20 cm. Incorporation of both rubble from Cu-oxide lixiviation piles and goat manure into upper tailings also had effective results. All these treatments improved chemical and microbiological properties of tailings and lead to a significant increase in plant yield after three years from trial establishment. Longer-term evaluations are, however required to evaluate self sustainability of created systems without further incorporation of amendments.

The effect of population structure on growth patterns in the woody goldenrod Solidago pauciflosculosa

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1955-1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin P. Pritts ◽  
James F. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Dispersion Pattern ◽  
Allocation Patterns ◽  
Total Plant Biomass ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Two Populations

The population structure and growth patterns of two populations of Solidago pauciflosculosa, a woody goldenrod, were investigated. Populations consisted of even-aged contagious patches of individuals, a dispersion pattern likely caused by the periodic appearance of microsites suitable for seedling establishment. The density of individuals within the even-aged clumps varied considerably and was correlated with total plant biomass and reproductive output. Density was not correlated with either reproductive or nonreproductive allocation patterns.

scholarly journals RESPON DOSIS PUPUK KANDANG KAMBING TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN MENTIMUN (Cucumis sativus L.) VARIETAS HIBRIDA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-29
Author(s):  
Wahyu Wardiana Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Goat Manure

This research is aimet to known the responsed of cucumber plant (Cucumis sativus L.), the good means for the growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) of the hybrid varieties doses of good means. This study uses a randomized block design (RAK) with one factor and 5 replications. The main factors, namely: goat manure. First repeat that: without fertilizer (P0), manure goat 10 ton / ha (P1), manure goat 20 ton / ha (P2), manure goat 30 ton / ha (P3), and the latter is manure goat 40 ton / ha (P4). The parameters observed were plant height, leaf number, fruit weight, fruit length and diameter of the fruit. Data analysis by using analysis of variance (ANOVA), if the effect followed by Least Significant Difference Test (BNT). The results based on the analysis of variance showed that: 1) Treatment of manure goat (P) significantly affected the growth and yield of cucumber plants include all the parameters of observation starting plant height, leaf number, fruit weight, fruit length and fruit diameter. Dose goat manure 40 t / ha is the best concentration to produce the highest average values for all parameters. The lowest value of all parameters are shown on the dose P0 (without manure goat / control).

Comparative Analysis of Three Cruciferous Weeds: Growth, Development, and Competitiveness

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Total Plant Biomass ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Growth Development

Wild, ball, and dog mustard growth and development were investigated by mathematical growth analysis in a greenhouse experiment. Plant height and total plant biomass over the growth period followed the trend wild mustard > ball mustard > dog mustard. Dog mustard plants had lower leaf areas than either wild or ball mustard. In a replacement series experiment, wild mustard was more competitive than either ball or dog mustard, and ball mustard was more competitive than dog mustard.

scholarly journals Nutrient Loaded Biochar Doubled Biomass Production in Juvenile Maize Plants (Zea mays L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte C. Dietrich ◽  
Md Arifur Rahaman ◽  
Ana A. Robles-Aguilar ◽  
Sajid Latif ◽  
Kiatkamjon Intani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Total Plant Biomass ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Maize Plants

Biochars have long been associated with elevating plant productivity. An increasing number of studies, however, report that char application might also impair plant nutrient availability and reduce yields. In particular, char accompanying compounds as well as a hypothesized immobilization of nitrogen have been identified as playing a significant role in possibly diminishing plant productivity following char application. Herein, we tested the fertilizing effects of modified biochars in order to derive knowledge required to develop tailor-made chars, which predictably affect plant nutrition. Slow-pyrolysis maize cob biochar was modified by washing with either ethanol or hydrochloric acid to remove ash and organic compounds or by loading it with nutrient-rich residues in the form of digestate from the bioenergy sector. Maize plants were grown for 35 days on biochar-amended sand. We analyzed both substrate properties (pH, total carbon, and nitrogen, available magnesium and potassium) and plant functional traits (biomass, leaf area, root to shoot ratio, specific leaf area). Our results suggest that total plant biomass production remained unaffected by the application of biochar and its washed forms. Contrastingly, nutrient-loaded biochar induced a significant increase in productivity at similar nutrient levels due to improved plant nutrient uptake. Further research is required to understand the role of biochar modifications that facilitated improvements in plant productivity.

Dry matter accumulation and partitioning, and seed yield in indeterminate Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet)

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hardy ◽  
C. Huyghe ◽  
J. Papineau
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Lupinus Mutabilis ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Agronomic Potential ◽  
Total Plant Biomass ◽  
Plant Maturity

Despite the high oil and protein content of the seeds, the agronomic potential of Lupinus mutabilis Sweet, a South American lupin species, is limited because of its low seed yield and its uncertain maturity. Dry matter accumulation and partitioning, and seed yield, of 2 genotypes (early-maturing LM34 and late-maturing LM268) were studied in 2 seasons at 2 densities at Lusignan, France. Total dry matter at harvest was, on average, 680 g/m2. The mainstem and first-order branches mainly contributed to total plant biomass but pods were only produced on the mainstem. On average, across the different crops, the maximum leaf area index (LAI) was 2· 8. The duration of LAI above 2·5 was short and not correlated with the total dry matter production. The partitioning of the dry matter varied according to the genotype. LM34 showed enhanced pod growth, its harvest index (HI) was 0·32, and seed yield averaged 1·28 t/ha. LM268 showed enhanced vegetative growth, both HI and seed yield were lower (0·16 and 1·13 t/ha, respectively), and whole plant maturity was never reached. For both genotypes during the pod filling, no remobilisation of assimilates occurred from stems to pods.

scholarly journals Growth and physiological response of selected clones of rubber grown under different water frequencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-213
Author(s):  
Rohaizad Mislan ◽  
Z Sulaiman ◽  
WD Noordin ◽  
SNA Abdullah ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Response ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Rubber Plantations ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
Total Plant Biomass ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Positive Effect

Effects of water frequencies on growth and physiological response of different clones of rubber were investigated. Different clones of rubber were screened with different watering frequencies as everyday watering (EW), every 2 days (E2D), every 3 days (E3D), every 5 days (E5D), and every 7 days (E7D). The treatments EW and E2D were found to be suitable for all the five clones for increasing as shown in plant height. A similar result was also found for plant biomass after 4 and 8 months of treatments. Noticeably, watering had a pronounced positive effect on clone RRIM 3001 and greatly increased vigorous growth as shown in its highest height, largest girth circumference and relative growth rate after 8 months of different watering frequencies. This clone equally showed superior performance with a significantly higher total plant biomass after 4 and 8 months of watering frequencies compared to the other four clones. The result could be used in water management and the clone RRIM 3001 could be suitable for rubber production at the nursery stage and replanting exercise in rubber plantations.

scholarly journals What Drives the Diversity of the Most Abundant Terrestrial Cercozoan Family (Rhogostomidae, Cercozoa, Rhizaria)?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüsna Öztoprak ◽  
Susanne Walden ◽  
Thierry Heger ◽  
Michael Bonkowski ◽  
Kenneth Dumack
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Morphological Trait ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Environmental Sequencing ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Total Plant Biomass ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Environmental sequencing surveys of soils and freshwaters revealed high abundance and diversity of the Rhogostomidae, a group of omnivorous thecate amoebae. This is puzzling since only a few Rhogostomidae species have yet been described and only a handful of reports mention them in field surveys. We investigated the putative cryptic diversity of the Rhogostomidae by a critical re-evaluation of published environmental sequencing data and in-depth ecological and morphological trait analyses. The Rhogostomidae exhibit an amazing diversity of genetically distinct clades that occur in a variety of different environments. We further broadly sampled for Rhogostomidae species; based on these isolates, we describe eleven new species and highlight important morphological traits for species delimitation. The most important environmental drivers that shape the Rhogostomidae community were soil moisture, soil pH, and total plant biomass. The length/width ratio of the theca was a morphological trait related to the colonized habitats, but not the shape and size of the aperture that is often linked to moisture adaption in testate and thecate amoebae.

Soil Recarbonization Potential of Crop Residues and their Management through Inter-Convertible Carbon Triangle (ICCtriangle)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 226-238
Author(s):  
Poonam C. Singh ◽  
Ashmita Tandon ◽  
Suchi Srivastava ◽  
Puneet S. Chauhan ◽  
Pankaj K. Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Intensive Cropping ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Rice Straw Burning

Intensive cropping is a major cause of depleting soil organic carbon (SOC) eventually leading to soil infertility. Restoration of depleted SOC requires renewable sources of organic amendments. Crop residue (CR), mostly lost due to burning in many parts of the world, is a generously available renewable source of organic carbon (OC) that can be used for soil recarbonization. The study presents an overview of the OC losses and pollution due to residue burning in India and explores the perspective of using surplus CR to restore SOC and promote ecosystem services for sustainable agriculture. We reviewed and quantified the magnitude of CR generated, and its fertilization potential in the Indo-Gangetic Region (IGR), an intensively cultivated region of India where rice straw burning is prevalent. A novel concept of interconvertible carbon triangle (ΔICC) is proposed based on the three carbon pools, SOC from the soil, CO2,/CO from the atmosphere and organic carbon (OC) from plant biomass to assess the instability of an agricultural land and estimate the SOC requirements based on the crop production data. The study reviews the availability of OC and other nutrients in CR and professes the need of technologies to divert the surplus CR to improving soil fertility and mitigate environmental pollution due to agricultural burnings.

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