scholarly journals Did Safe Cycling Infrastructure Still Matter During a COVID-19 Lockdown?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8672
Author(s):  
Jinhyun Hong ◽  
David McArthur ◽  
Varun Raturi
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Safety Benefit ◽  
The City ◽  
Additional Safety

The UK government introduced strict measures (including asking people to work from home and a lockdown) to slow the spread of COVID-19 by limiting people’s movement. This led to substantial reductions in traffic, making roads much safer for cyclists. This provides a unique opportunity to study the role played by safe cycling infrastructure. Many UK cities have provided cycling infrastructure to improve safety and encourage cycling. However, access to safe cycling infrastructure varies across neighbourhoods, potentially contributing to inequality. Since roads became safer due to the unprecedented reduction in traffic during the lockdown, safe cycling infrastructure may not play a significant role during this period. On the other hand, safe cycling lanes are often connected to amenities, potentially attracting cyclists even if they confer no additional safety benefit. That is, connectivity might matter more than safety. In this study, we utilised crowdsourced cycling data and regression models to examine the extent to which cycling intensity for non-commuting purposes changes with different types of cycling infrastructure in the city of Glasgow, Scotland, UK. In addition, we selected some areas with large increases in cycling intensity and examined the surrounding environments using Google Street View. Our results showed that non-commuting cycling activities increased significantly after the government interventions on both typical roads and safe cycling lanes while much higher increases were observed on safe cycling lanes than on other roads. A further analysis showed that there were large increases in cycling volumes on both typical roads and safe cycling lanes with good amenities and connectivity, highlighting the importance of these factors when building new cycling infrastructure. Since safe cycling lanes are not equally accessible to people, providing temporary cycling lanes during the pandemic considering these conditions could encourage people to cycle more, and thereby improve their health.

scholarly journals Investigating the Extent to Which Personality Traits and Demographics Affect Job Satisfaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sajid Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
The Other ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Ranking Analysis

The primary concern of this paper is to investigatethe extent to which three variables (i.e. personality traits, demographic variables, and job satisfaction) are interrelated with each other and what effect they have on each other in relation to the UK retail sector. The four different types of retail stores i.e. Tesco, Primark, Ikea and WH Smith were selected for survey purpose to minimise the class biasness.Total 300 close-ended questionnaires were distributed and 220 responses were obtained.The findings reveal that ‘Neuroticism’ is negatively associated with job satisfaction as well as with ‘Extraversion’. However, it is positively correlated with other three personality groups including ‘Agreeableness’, ‘Conscientious’, and ‘Openness’. On the other hand, ‘Openness to experience’ has a negative relationship with ‘Agreeableness’.It is also found from the ranking analysis that employees with ‘Agreeableness’ and ‘Conscientiousness’ personalities are more successful in their career and consequently they are more satisfied with their jobs.

Energy Consumption in Leisure Centres – A Comparative Study

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-225
Author(s):  
A.J. Griffiths ◽  
P.J. Bowen ◽  
B.J. Brinkworth ◽  
I.R. Morgan ◽  
A Howarth
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Occupancy Rate ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
High Band

The Sports and Recreation sector within the UK uses the equivalent of 3 millions tonnes of coal per year to supply the activities demanded by an ever increasing sports conscience society. The government has attempted to stimulate energy efficiency in this sector through the use of good practice guides and case studies. A comparative study was undertaken to analyse the performance of two leisure complexes in the Seven Valley degree day region. One site had double the occupancy rate of the other. It was found that the energy consumption per user was approximately 10 kWh for both sites. However the energy cost per user showed a large difference: for Site A this index was 31p/user compared to 15p/user at Site B. The primary causes of this difference are attributed to variation in energy mix between the two sites, as well as a difference in the price paid for primary fuel. Indices based on floor area of the facilities exhibit similar trends, and furthermore show that both sites were in the high band of energy consumption. This indicated that both sites had the potential to make significant energy-related savings, and a further breakdown of electrical, natural gas and water consumption per site is used to identify these potential savings in a rapidly expanding sector.

scholarly journals IMPACT EVALUATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) IN BHOPAL DUE TO INCREASE IN NUMBER OF PASSENGER CARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 422-431
Author(s):  
Niranjan Mudliar ◽  
Paramjeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Income Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
The Government ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The City

India has been progressing steadily since last two decades in terms of affordability of commodity and purchasing power of the common man. This has given rise to demand which leads to the continuous economic growth. Of course, support from the Government of India as well as various state Governments has come in the form of reforms and infrastructure funding. However this growth has also seen the disadvantage of erratic consumption by wealthy persons as compared to the economically weaker sections, for example on one side there is heavy demand of passenger cars by the higher income group who uses it sparingly but on the other side people of the lower income group who are more in numbers have to rely on public transport. This imbalance creates a wider gap between public affordability to consume a particular commodity like passenger cars. On one side there are persons who buy the latest model introduced by the manufacturer in spite of having sufficient numbers at their disposal and on the other side basic lowest level model are out of reach of some persons in the society, who rely on two-wheeler or public transport which is not reliable. This has not only created a huge gap in public expenditure but has also impact the environment. With year on year increase in number of vehicles in tier 2 cities like Bhopal, there is tremendous influence on the carbon dioxide (CO2) in and around the city. Past decade saw increase in maximum temperatures during summer rise by 3 – 4 degrees above normal in Bhopal and there is clear effect on the monsoon pattern too which has become inconsistent with rains reaching 120 mm in three days. Earlier this quantity was spread over a month. The last major season of winter is seen getting reduced to two months only from the earlier four, again with temperatures dropping suddenly below normal etc. This effect must be the result of increasing number of passenger vehicles in the city apart from other factors which also need detailed study for their influence.

Public Capital and Innovation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Richard Agénor
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Capital ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This chapter extends the Allais–Samuelson Overlapping Generations models presented in chapters 1 and 2 to study interactions between infrastructure and human capital with R&D activities and growth. It begins by providing some background evidence on these interactions. The model is then presented and solved, and the impact of public policy, including potential trade-offs associated with the provision of infrastructure and other services by the government, is discussed. Again, this is a critical issue; if governments have access to limited resources to cover their expenditure, different types of government interventions may entail (temporary or permanent) trade-offs at the macroeconomic level—even though at the microeconomic or sectoral level these interventions are largely complementary. In addition, different types of government intervention may generate spillover effects on other sectors, which may have an indirect impact on innovation capacity.

Countering Extremism in British Schools?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Holmwood ◽  
Therese O'Toole
Keyword(s):  
Expert Witness ◽  
Trojan Horse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Professional Misconduct ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
State Schools

In 2014 the UK government launched an investigation into the “Trojan Horse” affair: an alleged plot to “Islamify” several state schools in Birmingham. Twenty-one schools in Birmingham were subjected to snap Ofsted inspections and included in the various inquiries into the affair. The book's authors — one who was an expert witness in the professional misconduct cases brought against the teachers in the school, and the other, who researches the government's counter-extremism agenda — challenge the accepted narrative, arguing that a major injustice was inflicted on the teachers, and they go on to show how the affair was used to criticize multiculturalism and justify the expansion of a broad and intrusive counter-extremism agenda. The government cites the 'plot' in its argument about the need to develop a new counter-extremism strategy that confronts extremist ideology and not just threats of violence. However, the Kershaw Report and some other commentators argue that there was, in fact, no evidence of extremism.

scholarly journals L’analyse De La Place De La Valeur Perçue Comme Un Déterminant Stratégique Des Enseignes De La Grande Distribution Marocaine : Cas De La Région Souss Massa

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Bouchouar Otman ◽  
Akhlaffou Mohamed ◽  
Souaf Malika ◽  
El Wazani Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Social Values ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shopping Behavior ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Retail Chains ◽  
The City

This article tries to highlight the effects of the perceived value on satisfaction, and determines, among the components of the value, the major sources of shopping behavior. This leads us to a reflection in order to promote in one hand, the concept of perceived value among the mass-market retailing and on the other hand, to define the reasons for attendance, stimulation and consumer’s escape inside the point of sale. For this purpose, our exploratory research highlights the typology of value of Holbrook (1994, 1999). Relying on series of interviews with customers of large retail in the city of Agadir, the point of sale is no longer considered as a simple place of purchase. It shows different types of value, such as utilitarian values, hedonist values and social values. Our results are able to validate this idea and therefore tend to position the point of sale as a key place for the formulation of marketing strategies of retail chains and thus to be seen as a creator of value.

scholarly journals Territori e piani dopo la crescita

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Calace
Keyword(s):  
Local Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Policies ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Concrete Experience ◽  
Growth Planning ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

The purpose of the book is, on one hand, to try to trace a method and some working perspectives for post-growth planning, and on the other hand, to testify, through a concrete experience, the old and new questions and the interpretative and visionary effort that the territory poses to planning today. In a region like Apulia, which has followed an innovative path in the government of the territory and the landscape, the experience of knowledge and project for the city of Ugento is an opportunity to reflect on how today the construction of the plan can accompany the government of the territory in its development, rather than claiming to direct it, penetrate its policies and interact with its various instruments in a dynamic and even experimental way. In this way the construction of the plan can provide for a system of values to refer to in order to navigate the change and the design vision to be placed at the base of urban policies, tactics, individual interventions, thus coming to be a tool at the service of local development.

scholarly journals The Imagination of the Other in a (Post-)Sectarian Society: Asylum Seekers and Refugees in the Divided City of Belfast

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike M. Vieten ◽  
Fiona Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The City ◽  
Asylum Seekers And Refugees ◽  
Do So

This article explores the ways a salient sectarian community division in Northern Ireland frames the imagination of newcomers and the experiences of asylum seekers and refugees. We examine the dominant ethno-national Christian communities and how their actions define the social-spatial landscape and challenges of manoeuvring everyday life in Northern Ireland as an ‘Other’. We argue all newcomers are impacted to some degree by sectarianism in Northern Ireland, adding a further complexified layer to the everyday and institutional racism so prevalent in different parts of the UK and elsewhere. First, we discuss the triangle of nation, gender and ethnicity in the context of Northern Ireland. We do so in order to problematise that in a society where two adversarial communities exist the ‘Other’ is positioned differently to other more cohesive national societies. This complication impacts how the Other is imagined as the persistence of binary communities shapes the way local civil society engages vulnerable newcomers, e.g. in the instance of our research, asylum seekers and refugees. This is followed by an examination of the situation of asylum seekers and refugees in Northern Ireland. We do so by contextualising the historical situation of newcomers and the socio-spatial landscape of the city of Belfast. In tandem with this, we discuss the role of NGO’s and civil support organisations in Belfast and contrast these views with the experiences of asylum seekers and refugees. This article is based on original empirical material from a study conducted in 2016 on the experiences of asylum seekers and refugees with living in Northern Ireland.

scholarly journals Running Scared? A Critical Analysis of LGBTQ+ Inclusion Policy in Schools

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Glazzard ◽  
Samuel Stones
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Government Response ◽  
Whole School ◽  
Policy Frameworks ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Government ◽  
Whole School Approach ◽  
The Uk

This article provides an overview of the UK government policy in relation to relationships and sex education in schools. It focuses on the latest statutory guidance which requires primary and secondary schools in England to teach pupils about different types of relationships, including same-sex relationships. We outline the current policy frameworks and present a rationale for why Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Queer (LGBTQ+) identities and relationships should be present in the curriculum. We critically interrogate the government response and we present a framework to support the implementation of a whole school approach to LGBTQ+ inclusion. We draw on Meyer's model of minority stress to explore risks to children and young people if they are not provided with an LGBTQ+ curriculum.

scholarly journals LOCKDOWN: PREVALENCE OF MENTAL ILLNESS DURING COVID-19 IN DHAKA, BANGLADESH

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farjana Islam
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
The Other ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Coping Process ◽  
The Government

Mental and physical health has been smashed up due to SARS-2-CoV-19 across the world for about the last couple of years, which leads to producing mental stress and strain. Even though patients and healthcare staffs provide psychiatric treatment, the psychological health of the overall population often demands concern which causes psychosocial stressors, impacting both the spread of the disease and the incidence of emotional distress and psychological disorder. The study aimed to identify the psychological condition and demand as wee as the coping process of the population of the capital city-Dhaka of Bangladesh. For collecting data with these categories, the online portals, like facebook vote, Google met, LinkedIn, were used for both male and female gender. Among the participants, 35% people were depressed, in grief 4% people, 25% people were suffering from Anxiety,13% people were facing Insomnia problems and 7% people were facing Trauma. Our survey also revealed that 21%sample acknowledged to open up lockdown, on the other hand, 31% of people were consistently strongly agreed on the government decision. 34.8% of people spent their time during lockdown using Facebook, 26% on online classes, work from home were 14%, and the other 26% people were utilizing their lockdown time by watching YouTube and other social sites. This study puts together a towering contribution to developing an assessment of mental health profile during SARS-2-CoV-19 and lockdown in Dhaka.

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