scholarly journals Impacts of the BOPS Option on Sustainable Retailing

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8600
Author(s):  
Yi He ◽  
Qianqian Xu ◽  
Da Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Equilibrium Solutions ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Impact Reduction ◽  
Channel Preference ◽  
The Impact

This paper focuses on the value of an omnichannel retailing option, Buy-Online-and-Pick-up-in-Store (BOPS), in reducing environmental impact. Analytical models were established to explore the impacts of the BOPS strategy on the pricing and expected profit of the dual-channel retailer as well as the environment. The equilibrium solutions under dual-channel and omnichannel scenarios were obtained. Then, we considered the impact of loyal store consumers in the extended model. We find that the retailer will increase the product price after adopting the BOPS strategy. Our analytical results also show that when the operating cost of the BOPS strategy is relatively low, the total demand under the omnichannel scenario is greater than that under the dual-channel scenario and vice versa. In addition, this strategy can always reduce the environmental impact in terms of the pure online demand. Finally, when the operating cost is lower and the fraction of consumers without channel preference is higher, the retailer can benefit from the BOPS strategy. In this case, the BOPS strategy can achieve profit improvement and environmental impact reduction.

scholarly journals Pricing Strategies in Dual-Channel Supply Chain with a Fair Caring Retailer

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lufeng Dai ◽  
Xifu Wang ◽  
Xiaoguang Liu ◽  
Lai Wei
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Stackelberg Game ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Equilibrium Solutions ◽  
Channel Competition ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Fairness Concerns ◽  
Dual Channel Supply Chain ◽  
The Impact

Manufacturers add online direct channels that inevitably engage in channel competition with offline retail channels. Since price is an important factor in consumers' choice of purchasing channel, pricing strategy has become a popular topic for research on dual-channel competition and coordination. In contrast to previous research on pricing strategies based on the full rationality of members, we focus on the impact of retailers' fairness concerns on pricing strategies. In this study, the hybrid dual-channel supply chain consists of one manufacturer with a direct channel who acts as the leader and a retailer who acts as the follower. First, we use the Stackelberg game approach to determine the equilibrium pricing strategy for a fair caring retailer. Simultaneously, we consider a centralized dual-channel supply chain as the benchmark for a comparative analysis of the efficiency of a decentralized supply chain. Furthermore, we study pricing strategies when the retailer has fairness concerns and determine the complete equilibrium solutions for different ranges of the parameters representing cross-price sensitivity and fairness. Finally, through numerical experiments, the pricing strategies, the profit and utility of the manufacturer and retailer, and the channel efficiency of the supply chain are compared and analysed for two scenarios. We find that fairness concerns reduce the manufacturer's profits, while for the most part, the retailers’ profit can be improved; however, the supply chain cannot achieve complete coordination.

Impact of wholesale price discrimination by the manufacturer on the profit of supply chain members

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rofin TM ◽  
Biswajit Mahanty
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Price Discrimination ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Price Strategy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Channel Preference ◽  
Online Channel ◽  
Dual Channel Supply Chain ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of wholesale price discrimination by a manufacturer in a retailer–e-tailer dual-channel supply chain for different product categories based on their online channel preference.Design/methodology/approachThis paper considers a dual-channel supply chain comprising of a retailer and an e-tailer engaged in competition. Game-theoretic models are developed to model the competition between the retailer and e-tailer and to derive their optimal price, optimal order quantity and optimal profit under (1) equal wholesale price strategy and (2) discriminatory wholesale price strategy. Further, a numerical example was employed to quantify the results and to capture the variation with respect to online channel preference of the product.FindingsIt is beneficial for the manufacturer to adopt a discriminatory wholesale price strategy for products having both high online channel preference and low online channel preference. However, equal wholesale price strategy is beneficial for the e-tailer and the retailer in the case of products having high online channel preference and in the case of products having low online channel preference, respectively.Practical implicationsThe study helps the manufacturers to maximize their profit by adopting the right wholesale price strategy considering the online channel preference of the product when the manufacturers are supplying to heterogeneous retailers.Originality/valueThere is scant literature on the wholesale price strategy of the manufacturer considering the heterogeneous downstream retailers. This paper contributes the literature by bridging this gap. In addition, the study establishes a link between the wholesale price strategy and online channel preference of the product.

scholarly journals Pellet Production from Miscanthus: Energy and Environmental Assessment

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Alessandra Fusi ◽  
Jacopo Bacenetti ◽  
Andrea R. Proto ◽  
Doriana E. A. Tedesco ◽  
Domenico Pessina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Impact Categories ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Main Contributor ◽  
Pellet Production ◽  
Impact Reduction ◽  
The Impact

The production of wood pellets has grown considerably in the last decades. Besides woody biomass, other feedstocks can be used for pellet production. Among these, miscanthus presents some advantages because, even if specifically cultivated, it requires low inputs such as fertilisers and pesticides and shows high biomass yield (up to 28 tons of dry matter ha−1 in Europe). Even if in the last years some studies evaluated the environmental impact of woody pellet production, there is no information about the environmental performances of miscanthus pellet production. In this study, the environmental impact of miscanthus pellet was evaluated using the Life Cycle Assessment approach with a cradle-to plant gate perspective. Primary data were collected in a small-medium size pelletizing plant located in Northern Italy where miscanthus is cultivated to be directly processed. The results highlight how the miscanthus pellet shows lower environmental impact compared to woody pellet, mainly due to the lower energy consumption during pelletizing. The possibility to pelletize the miscanthus biomass without any drying offsets the environmental impact related to the miscanthus cultivation for all the evaluated impact categories (except for Marine eutrophication). In detail, for global warming potential, 1 ton of miscanthus pellet shows an impact of 121.6 kg CO2 eq. (about 8% lower respect to woody pellet) while for the other evaluated impact categories the impact reduction ranges from 4 to 59%. Harvesting, which unlike the other field operations is carried out every year, is by far the main contributor to the impacts of the cultivation phase while electricity is the main contributor to the pelletizing phase.

scholarly journals Tradeoff Study between Cost and Environmental Impact of Aircraft Using Simultaneous Optimization of Airframe and Engine Cycle

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Chai ◽  
Xiongqing Yu ◽  
Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Emissions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Single Objective ◽  
Engine Cycle

To investigate more efficient aircraft configurations which have less environmental impact, this paper develops a multidisciplinary analysis framework integrated with the airframe and propulsion analysis modules. The characteristics for propulsion, aerodynamics, weight, performance, cost, emissions, and noise can be rapidly predicted by the framework. The impact of propulsion installation with large diameter engines on aircraft weight and drag are considered in the framework. A wide-body aircraft was taken as an example for the optimization to investigate the tradeoffs between the cost metric and the environmental performance metrics. Several cases for single objective and multiobjective optimizations were performed. In the single objective optimizations, the direct operating cost, the cumulative noise, the oxides of nitrogen emissions during landing-takeoff cycle, and the mission oxides of nitrogen emissions were considered as an objective and minimized, respectively. The different objectives resulted in designs with different airframe parameters and engine cycle parameters. In the multiobjective optimizations, the direct operating costs and environmental performances were considered as the objectives simultaneously. The optimization results were the Pareto fronts for the minimum direct operating costs and environmental performances, which illustrate the quantitative relationships between the economic metric and the environmental performances.

scholarly journals Life cycle assessemnt (LCA) study of a milk powder product in aluminium foil packaging

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venessa Allia Aiman ◽  
Mochammad Chaerul ◽  
Benno Rahardyan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Material Production ◽  
Powder Product ◽  
Photochemical Oxidant ◽  
Impact Reduction ◽  
The Impact

 Dairy processing industry is one of the industries that give positive contribution to the economic growth, however it also contributes in many impacts on the environment, as well as milk powder product manufactured by PT X. The main objective of this study was to determine the most significant environmental impact caused by production and transportation of milk powder in bag 250 gram (Product X) using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. The boundary of the LCA study is “cradle to gate”, including: materials production, materials transportation from supplier to the PT X factory, manufacture of milk powder in PT X, and distribution of the products from factory to distributor. Four impact categories will be calculated on this study: global warming potential (GWP), eutrophication potential (EP), acidification potential (AP), and photochemical oxidant creation potential (POCP). The impact assessment was calculated by software SimaPro v.8.3.2 faculty license, and the calculation result validated manually by Microsoft Excel. The result of environmental impact calculation showed the GWP, EP, AP, and POCP of 1 kg milk powder is 1.3245 kg CO2 eq/kg, 0.0033 kg PO43- eq/kg, 0.0066 kg SO2 eq/kg and 0.0020 kg C2H4 eq/kg. The material production subsystem has the highest environmental impact on GWP, POCP, AP and EP categories. In particular, production activity in PT X also contributes to GWP. An environmental impact reduction strategy can focus on reducing GWP with electricity usage efficiency and developing a material supplier selection plan with environmental impacts of material production as one of criteria.

scholarly journals Planning and formulation of environmental management system for Indian infrastructure projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 02017
Author(s):  
C Akin ◽  
R Samuel Devadoss ◽  
V Vandhana Devi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Management System ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environmental Management System ◽  
Impact Reduction ◽  
The Impact

Every year the impact on natural environment is more due to consumption of natural resources for large infrastructure and construction projects. Even though by implementing modern construction techniques and low cost effective materials the volume of impact reduction is not efficient. India is a country which has enormous natural resources and it has been utilized for large infrastructure and construction projects which makes an environmental impact. This present paper focuses on planning and formulation of Environmental Management System (EMS) to reduce the environmental impact due to large infrastructure and construction projects. The planning of EMS is done based on the environmental impact checklist provided by Ministry of Environmental and Forest Climate change (MoEF&CC) under Government of India and the Formulation is done through PERT and CPM techniques which is to implement EMS in short duration to reduce environmental impact through large infrastructure and construction projects. Finally, the Planning and Formulation of EMS gives solution to reduce more volume of environmental impacts due to large infrastructure and construction projects.

Sales effort deployment in decentralized dual-channel distribution

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengli Liu ◽  
C.K.M. Lee ◽  
K.L. Choy
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Direct Channel ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Channel Distribution ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Channel Preference ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
Channel Preferences

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the optimal sale effort deployment under dual-channel distribution which combines a traditional brick and mortar retail channel from the partner retailer and an online direct channel from the manufacturer. Design/methodology/approach – A sales effort competition game is set up in the dual-channel distribution between the manufacturer and the retailer. Demand under sales efforts is determined based on the consumer valuation, consumer’s channel preference and sales efforts. Then, the optimal sales effort deployment is studied with a game theory approach which allow the retailer and the manufacturer to maximize their own profit. Findings – Consumer’s channel preference is a key parameter of the demand assignment in the dual-channel distribution. Interestingly, the optimal sales effort and the profit of the manufacturer and the retailer can be limited by the other’s efficiency of sales effort. The finding suggests that the manufacturer and the retailer should collaborate to enhance the efficiency of the sales effort. It also shows that the manufacturer can utilize the direct channel as an important marketing channel even though no profit is obtained through the direct channel. Research limitations/implications – This research provides a new method to model the sales effort in the dual-channel distribution. The optimal sales efforts based on the consumer behavior are determined. However, since this study assumes a consistent product price across channels, the results is not applicable for a retailer who can set their own price. Practical implications – It is a win-win situation for adoption of the dual-channel distribution although the manufacturer can benefit more. Additionally, direct channel can be used as an effective marketing channel. Originality/value – This research contributes to a better understanding of demands in dual-channel distribution under sales efforts. Additionally, the research results provide a useful framework of sales effort deployment under different consumers’ channel preferences in the dual-channel distribution.

Fish farming in Denmark: environmental impact of regulative legislation

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Iversen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Local Impact ◽  
The Impact

The main environmental problems associated with fish farming in Denmark are attributable to the dam, the “dead reach” and nutrient and organic matter discharge. The environmental regulation of fish farming in Denmark started with the Environmental Protection Act of 1974, the Statutory Order of 1985 forbidding wet feed, and the Action Plan on the Aquatic Environment of 1987. In the case of freshwater fish farms, the latter was implemented through the measures stipulated in the 1989 Statutory Order on Fish Farms. The impact of Danish legislative measures to reduce and regulate the environmental effects of freshwater fish farms can be summarized as follows: - the number of fish farms has been reduced from about 800 in 1974 to about 500 at present; - production has tripled since 1974 and has been stable since 1989; - a change from wet to dry feed has reduced the environmental impact of the farms; - the national goals of the Action Plan on the Aquatic Environment of 1987 for reducing fish farm discharges of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus have been fulfilled. The main remaining problems are that: - the local impact of fish farms on downstream stream quality is still much too high in about 15% of cases; - the problem of the passage of migrating invertebrates and fish is still unsolved at some farms; - the problems posed by “dead reaches” are still unsolved. It is concluded that sustainable fish farming is possible in Denmark, but with the present technology production will have to be significantly reduced.

Environmental Management of Coastal Development, State of Kuwait

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. R. Marmoush
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Marine Ecology ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
Environmental Feasibility ◽  
Development State ◽  
The Impact

The impact of coastal development in Kuwait is to be assessed as per the following environmental conditions: water circulation, sediment behavior, water quality, and marine ecology and fisheries. The objectives of this assessment are to identify and predict the environmental impact associated with coastal development and the various activities involved in any coastal project. These activities and their associated impact can be grouped into two categories: those that occur during construction (short-term effect), and those that occur after construction (long-term effect). This paper attempts to present the fundamental issues related to the environmental measures and the practical experience required to evaluate the potential environmental impact of coastal development in Kuwait. The conclusions and general considerations regarding the environmental feasibility of coastal development are given, and measures to minimize the adverse impact on the environment are recommended.

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