scholarly journals Ecological Analyses of Social Sustainability for International Production with Fixed and Moveable Technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8476
Author(s):  
Stephen Fox ◽  
Yusuf Mubarak ◽  
Abdurasak Adam
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
International Production ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Northern European Country ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Operational Practices ◽  
Different Parts

Mutualism is an ecological concept. Mutualistic relationships are mutually beneficial. However, as found in development geography studies, relationships between different peoples in different parts of the world are often not mutually beneficial. For example, there is lack of mutualism in international production that is dominated by companies that dictate where production is and is not carried out. This lack of mutualism leaves many other countries with little production capacity and persistent widespread unemployment. Thus, international production is not characterized by mutualistic social sustainability. International production has long been framed as being an ecological phenomenon that requires ecological analyses. However, previous social sustainability studies concerned with production have not provided ecological analyses of social sustainability. Rather, previous studies have focused on social theory and related operational practices. By contrast, in this paper, findings are reported from action research concerned with facilitating mutual prosperity growth between a Northern-European country, Finland, and an African fragile state, Somalia. The action research encompassed business development processes and moveable production technologies for mutual prosperity growth between the two countries. Ecological analyses, which were carried out during the action research, are provided of current international production and alternative production with moveable production technologies.

scholarly journals KINETIC OF ESTERIFICATION OF CITRIC ACID IN PRODUCTION OF TRIALKYL CITRATES

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Sushkova ◽  
Svetlana V. Levanova ◽  
Iliya L. Glazko ◽  
Kristina V. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
Reaction Orders ◽  
Production Technologies

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a body of a great many of composite materials and takes one of the leading places in thermoplastic polymers production capacity. Annual intake of PVC in the world (data of 2014 years) achieves to 35 mtpa. and has a consistent trend to further increase. PVC recycling is impossible without using of plasticizers. Nowdays scopes of use and plasticizers market used in the polymer materials production intended for contact with alimentary products, for medical equipment and children's toys production, are upon essential impact of policy statements of health, safety, security, environment. Plasticizers with citric acid – trialkyl citrates have needed properties: hazard class 4, high plasticize ability, full miscibility with polymer, high boiling and flash points, low volatility. The citric acid is available renewable raw produced from saccharified residues; world production volume is 1.6 mtpa. There are no local plasticizers production technologies with citric acid. Development of plasticizers production technologies with renewable raw material is relevant objective. Purpose of research is to create method of producing of trialkyl citrate, study of esterification regularities of citric acid with low molecular alcohol over different catalysts. In this research, the kinetic of performances of citric acid esterification by pentanol was estimated over different catalysts. Reaction orders were defined using three catalysts: sulphuric acid, orthophosphoric acid and p-toluene sulphonic acid. The rate constants and activation energies of esterification were found. Kinetic formulas were obtained. The time of esterification was defined to achieve 95 % conversion of citric acid. The time varies from 1.5 to 5 h depending on used catalyst. For citation:Sushkova S.V., Levanova S.V., Glazko I.L., Pavlova K.V. Kinetic of esterification of citric acid in production of trialkyl citrates. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N2. P. 74-78. 

Temporary Organizing and Institutional Change

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1819-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sampo Tukiainen ◽  
Nina Granqvist
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Shared Beliefs ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Northern European Country ◽  
The Status ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
Temporal Boundary ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the temporary and the permanent is a central issue in studies of temporary organizing. Recent research highlights that projects, as key forms of temporary organizations, both constitute and are constituted by their wider institutional contexts. However, there is still a lack of more detailed understanding of the actors and their activities through which projects produce and advance institutional change. To address this issue, we draw on extensive fieldwork to study the activities that constitute establishment of the Innovation University. This endeavour gained the status of a spearhead project and advanced nationwide university reform in one northern European country. Our central contribution is two-fold. We sediment a more robust approach to institutions within project literature by defining them as widely shared beliefs and practices that actors enact and (re)produce through their various activities. On this basis, we develop a model of an institutional project for regulative change and show that it is more parallel and multiplex and less sequential in nature than existing studies might convey. Our model also creates new understanding of the role of the ‘lock-ins’ shaped by projects to promote regulative change and casts light on the temporal linkages and temporal boundary objects in institutional projects. In closing, we discuss several future avenues for research in both project literature and institutional theory.

Influenza vaccine production technologies: past, present and future

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Yingxia Wen ◽  
Ethan C Settembre
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Vaccine Production ◽  
Capacity Limitations ◽  
Major Process ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Influenza Vaccine Production ◽  
Substantial Morbidity

Influenza is a constantly evolving global health threat that leads to substantial morbidity and mortality particularly in vulnerable populations at either end of the age spectrum. Society has responded by creating a global public-private system that involves constant surveillance, candidate virus generation, and release reagent generation linked to worldwide influenza vaccine manufacturing capabilities. It was initially recognised that influenza circulates as multiple antigenically distinct subtypes, which led to the generation of vaccines containing multiple influenza strains. The first and still current major process used for influenza vaccine production is infection of embryonated hen's eggs with influenza virus. While this approach was a true advancement, some shortcomings such as lack of vaccine match to circulating strains due to egg adaptation and production capacity limitations have led to recent innovations in mammalian cell production and synthetic technologies aimed at further improving global influenza responses.

Implementasi Metode Action Research untuk Peningkatan Daya Saing Umkm Melalui E-Commerce

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azizah Zakiah ◽  
Ardhian Ekawijana ◽  
Eka Angga Laksana
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Sales Management ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Sales Volume ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Production House ◽  
Marketing Methods

Bandung city has Binong Jati knitting textile center established since 1965. This region is famous to neighboring countries because its knitted products are exported to Singapore, Brunei Darussalam, and Malaysia. Wanina Store and Karimake Store is a production house located in Binong Knitting Village. Production capacity has decreased significantly due to decreased sales volume so that it affects the level of business profits and impact on the low level of production. These SMEs are still using conventional ways in marketing their products and their knowledge in innovating technology is still low. Both partners are still using traditional marketing methods. They have not taken advantage of the existing marketplace or social media, due to the level of skills in the mastery and utilization of information technology is very low. So, the solution to the problem is (1) create an e-Commerce-based website to increase market share expansion and sales management. (2) provide training on the use of e-commerce that has been made. (3) provide training on the utilization of top 5 popular. The research method used in this research is the action research method and to measure the success of the system that has been implemented using the DeLone & Mc lean framework.Keywords : Action Research, SMEs, e-commerce, Improving, DeLone &Mc Lean.

Critical Contextual Reviews and Development of Interpretive Materials with Teachers in Kenya

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Abel Barasa Atiti
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Materials Development ◽  
Research Framework ◽  
Environmental Learning ◽  
Similar Materials ◽  
Development Processes

AbstractThis paper shares findings from a recent study that engaged a group of Kenyan teachers in a review and development of interpretive materials through a participatory action research framework. It focuses on critical contextual reviews of interpretive materials in non-formal organisations and development of similar materials in schools with teachers. Social interactions between teachers and non-formal educators enabled the sharing of ideas, skills and techniques on materials development processes. This provided a basis for developing interpretive materials to support environmental learning within school grounds. A teacher-centred approach to materials development as argued in this paper seeks to respect the needs of schools within their social and historical contexts. It further challenges the conventional top-down approaches in which non-formal educators are creators of materials and teachers are viewed as “technicians” who implement the materials in schools. The paper offers some tentative guidelines on the development of interpretive materials in schools.

scholarly journals PÍSEČNÍK U JAVORNÍKU – DRUMLIN SE ZACHOVALOU SUKCESÍ SUBGLACIÁLNÍCH A SUPRAGLACIÁLNÍCH SEDIMENTŮ

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hanáček ◽  
Daniel Nývlt ◽  
Slavomír Nehyba
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Sandy Gravel ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
The Third ◽  
Subglacial Environment ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Continental Glaciation ◽  
Fourth Member ◽  
Different Parts

Písečník Hill (288 m a. s. l.) is an isolated elevation located near the Javorník town close to the NE foothill of the main ridge of the Rychleby Mts. (Eastern Sudetes). It has a shape of a ridge elongated in the SE–NW direction, made of compacted Miocene sands covered by Pleistocene tills and glaciofl uvial sediments. These glacial sediments have been deposited during the Elsterian glaciation (MIS 12) according to the Northern European stratigraphical scale. The presented study is targeted on glacial deposits and the interpretation of the evolution of the Písečník Hill linked to continental glaciation. Facies description has been supplemented by petrographical analyses of the gravel fraction 16–64 mm. The glacial sequence is composed of five members. The first one is a lodgement till (Jk1) with a basal boulder lag, which followed the erosional phase producing elongated scours. Glacitectonic features, such as plucking of underlying Miocene sands and formation of rip-up clasts could be seen in the lodgement till unit. Boulder lag with boulders up to 2 m long originated by blocking of large clasts in compact, plastic, unlithifi ed basement. The second member (Jk2) is a massive to weakly stratifi ed gravely sand, which filled a shallow depression in the lodgement till. These sediments originated by reworking of underlying till material. Members Jk1–Jk2 have been deposited in subglacial environment. Both members are equivalent from the viewpoint of petrological composition – they both contain predominantly local Gierałtow gneiss. The third member (Jk3) is a coarse grained to bouldery gravel. The fourth member (Jk4) is made of a fi ne layer of laminated sand. The last member (Jk5) is a sandy gravel with gently sloping flat clasts. Members Jk3–Jk5 are interpreted as supraglacial sediments deposited with the ice-cored moraine environment. They are rather polymictic from petrological point of view, as they contain material of diverse provenance originating from different parts of the glacier. The clasts are also more variable in roundness with higher content of rounded to well-rounded clasts (“englacial egg gravel facies”). The Písečník Hill represents a drumlin with a core composed of plastic Miocene sand. Features described in the glacial sequence show on the active glacial movement (in subglacial environment), as well as the subsequent decay starting from the ice-cored moraine to the final disappearance of the dead-ice moraine. The drumlin orientation documents the ice sheet advance from the NE.

scholarly journals Fine-Tuning the Fight Against Food Waste

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Aschemann-Witzel ◽  
Ilona E. de Hooge ◽  
Valérie L. Almli ◽  
Marije Oostindjer
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Northern European Country ◽  
Food Planning ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lifestyle Patterns

The complex causes of consumer food waste make it difficult for commercial actors and public policy makers to develop successful foodwaste reduction campaigns. One of the essential problems is that consumer food waste seems to be the unplanned result of divergent food-related behaviors. The current research investigates the relationship between distinctive consumer food-related lifestyle patterns and food waste. A survey with 848 consumers in a Northern European country (Denmark) suggests that segments of consumers identified by food-related behaviors have corresponding differences in food waste produced. For example, consumers’ food waste varies across different patterns of food-related lifestyle-dimensions, such as 1) cooking enjoyment, 2) food planning, 3) price orientation, 4) social relationships related to meals, and 5) food-safety concerns. The study presents possible macromarketing actions and policies targeting consumer segments to reduce food waste.

Reverse Engineering Tehnique Applied for Manufacturing Thin Wall Plastic Parts

2015 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 212-217
Author(s):  
Andrei Pop ◽  
Andrei Adam ◽  
Adrian Pop
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Engineering Technique ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Design Software ◽  
Plastic Parts ◽  
Different Parts

Development of design software in the last two decades has led to marketing products with complex shapes; which, cannot be materialized without the aid of the computer. For some product development processes, reverse engineering (RE) allows generating surface models by three-dimensional scanning techniques, and consequently this methodology permits to manufacture different parts and tools , shortening the development time. The paper presents a redesign process applied on a thin walled plastic component using the Reverse Engineering technique. The part was scanned, modified and subject to simulations that will certity the flow and filling of the cavity.

scholarly journals Specialised Sweetpotato Vine Multiplication in Lake Zone, Tanzania: What “Sticks” and What Changes?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. McEwan ◽  
Dorothy Lusheshanija ◽  
Kelvin, M. Shikuku ◽  
Kirimi Sindi
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
Agrarian Change ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Rapid Multiplication ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Lake Zone ◽  
Multiplication Cycle ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Production Technologies

AbstractIn Lake Zone, Tanzania, farmers were trained to multiply and distribute quality sweetpotato planting material. The objectives of this study were to assess changes in skills and practices among the trained farmers as vine multiplication became a specialized task. Nine months after the project ended, all 88 decentralized vine multipliers (DVMs) operating as groups (72%) or individuals (28%) were visited and qualitative data on their current multiplication practices collected through a questionnaire, checklists and observations. Results showed that 69% of DVMs were still multiplying vines, but less than half were using the seed production technologies promoted by the project. 34% used rapid multiplication beds; 61% used conventional plant spacing on ridges for roots and vines and 5% used both. As the vine multiplication cycle became a specialised activity, the multiplication and root production cycles were separated. Vines were treated differently in terms of site selection, length of cutting and spacing, depending on whether the objective of their use was for high root or high vine production. Capacity building of specialised vine multipliers and scaling-up seed interventions should consider the implications of skilling and task segregation in a broader context based on society’s choice of technologies and agrarian change.

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