scholarly journals Reprintable Paste-Based Materials for Additive Manufacturing in a Circular Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8032
Author(s):  
Marita Sauerwein ◽  
Jure Zlopasa ◽  
Zjenja Doubrovski ◽  
Conny Bakker ◽  
Ruud Balkenende
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Resistant Material ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Material Recovery ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Multiple Product ◽  
Mussel Shells

The circular economy requires high-value material recovery to enable multiple product lifecycles. This implies the need for additive manufacturing to focus on the development and use of low-impact materials that, after product use, can be reconstituted to their original properties in terms of printability and functionality. We therefore investigated reprintable materials, made from bio-based resources. In order to equally consider material properties and recovery during development, we took a design approach to material development. In this way, the full material and product life cycle was studied, including multiple recovery steps. We applied this method to the development of a reprintable bio-based composite material for extrusion paste printing. This material is derived from natural and abundant resources, i.e., ground mussel shells and alginate. The alginate in the printing paste is ionically cross-linked after printing to create a water-resistant material. This reaction can be reversed to retain a printable paste. We studied paste composition, printability and material properties and 3D printed a design prototype. Alginate as a binder shows good printing and reprinting behaviour, as well as promising material properties. It thus demonstrates the concept of reprintable materials.

scholarly journals Closing the Loop - Recycling Plastic Waste

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Caitlin Bruce
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Building Material ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Closing The Loop ◽  
3D Printed

<p>New Zealand is ranked among the top nations in waste production, including a million tonnes of plastic waste. Currently, there are methods for recycling plastic within New Zealand but these methods can be expensive and time-consuming, resulting in most of the plastic being thrown into the landfill. Because plastic does not fully degrade, it ends up in the ocean and other waterways, poisoning the water with toxins. The purpose of this research is to provide a solution to reducing plastic waste by creating an alternative method of recycling that utilises new technologies such as additive manufacturing, to create a building material that fits into the concept of the circular economy. The findings of this research explored the recycling of plastic by collecting plastic waste such as PLA (Polylactic Acid) from old 3D printed models. The plastic was recycled into filament for additive manufacturing (AM) and used to print building tile, establishing an initial proof of concept for the use of recycled plastic as a potential building material.</p>

scholarly journals Closing the Loop - Recycling Plastic Waste

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Caitlin Bruce
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Building Material ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Closing The Loop ◽  
3D Printed

<p>New Zealand is ranked among the top nations in waste production, including a million tonnes of plastic waste. Currently, there are methods for recycling plastic within New Zealand but these methods can be expensive and time-consuming, resulting in most of the plastic being thrown into the landfill. Because plastic does not fully degrade, it ends up in the ocean and other waterways, poisoning the water with toxins. The purpose of this research is to provide a solution to reducing plastic waste by creating an alternative method of recycling that utilises new technologies such as additive manufacturing, to create a building material that fits into the concept of the circular economy. The findings of this research explored the recycling of plastic by collecting plastic waste such as PLA (Polylactic Acid) from old 3D printed models. The plastic was recycled into filament for additive manufacturing (AM) and used to print building tile, establishing an initial proof of concept for the use of recycled plastic as a potential building material.</p>

A Switched-Line Phase Shifter Fabricated with Additive Manufacturing

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 000909-000913
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. O'Brien ◽  
Eduardo Rojas ◽  
Thomas M. Weller
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Phase Shifter ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
3D Printed

Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, has proven to be advantageous compared to conventional planar methods when utilizing the volume of a structure to miniaturize the design. The use of additive manufacturing can allow for high frequency circuitry to be conformed to an arbitrary shape while maintaining or enhancing performance. Recent advancements in low loss materials applicable to additive manufacturing have pushed performance levels even further. Utilizing additive manufacturing to build a three dimensional structure can improve factors such as reliability and repeatability by making the structure one solid piece as opposed to assembling multiple planar objects into the 3D shape. This allows the circuitry to be built around the structure. With this design approach other considerations, such as stability and strength, can be concentrated on during the structure design to realize new shapes. The purpose of this work is to investigate a 3D printed material, ULTEM, for radio frequency use and design a switched line phase shifter using the derived material properties. The first step in any high frequency circuit design is to have accurate material properties. An efficient way to determine the permittivity and loss tangent of a material is to place a ring resonator on the substrate and measure the resonant frequency and Q factor. An equivalent circuit model can then be built to match the measured response and the material properties extracted through circuit theory. From here accurate transmission line models can be analyzed to optimize the performance of the RF circuit. In this paper a ring resonator was designed on ULTEM to characterize the material properties. A 90° phase shifter was then fabricated on a 3D printed ULTEM substrate and a benchmark model was fabricated using traditional planar methods on Rogers RO4003C substrate. A comparison between the two models is given in this paper.

AM-Serienproduktion für die Automobilindustrie/AM series production for the automotive industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 752-757
Author(s):  
Lukas Weiser ◽  
Marco Batschkowski ◽  
Niclas Eschner ◽  
Benjamin Häfner ◽  
Ingo Neubauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Series Production ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Additive Fertigung ◽  
Small Series ◽  
Start Up ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Component Quality

Die additive Fertigung schafft neue Gestaltungsfreiheiten. Im Rahmen des Prototypenbaus und der Kleinserienproduktion kann das Verfahren des selektiven Laserschmelzens genutzt werden. Die Verwendung in der Serienproduktion ist bisher aufgrund unzureichender Bauteilqualität, langen Anlaufzeiten sowie mangelnder Automatisierung nicht im wirtschaftlichen Rahmen möglich. Das Projekt „ReAddi“ möchte eine erste prototypische Serienfertigung entwickeln, mit der additiv gefertigte Bauteile für die Automobilindustrie wirtschaftlich produziert werden können. Additive manufacturing (AM) offers new freedom of design. The selective laser-powderbed fusion (L-PBF) process can be used for prototyping and small series production. So far, it has not been economical to use it on a production scale due to insufficient component quality, long start-up times and a lack of automation. The project ReAddi aims to develop a first prototype series production to cost-effectively manufacture 3D-printed components for the automotive industry.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Circularity of Recycled PLA Filaments for 3D Printers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8967
Author(s):  
Victor Gil Muñoz ◽  
Luisa M. Muneta ◽  
Ruth Carrasco-Gallego ◽  
Juan de Juanes Marquez ◽  
David Hidalgo-Carvajal
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Circular Loop ◽  
Material Supply ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Circular Economics ◽  
High Level ◽  
Additional Value

The circular economy model offers great opportunities to companies, as it not only allows them to capture additional value from their products and materials, but also reduce the fluctuations of price-related risks and material supply. These risks are present in all kind of businesses not based on the circular economy. The circular economy also enables economic growth without the need for more resources. This is because each unit has a higher value as a result of recycling and reuse of products and materials after use. Following this circular economics framework, the Polytechnic University of Madrid (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM) has adopted strategies aimed at improving the circularity of products. In particular, this article provides the result of obtaining recycled PLA filament from waste originating from university 3D FFF (fused filament fabrication) printers and waste generated by “Coronamakers” in the production of visors and parts for PPEs (Personal Protective Equipment) during the lockdown period of COVID-19 in Spain. This filament is used in the production of 3D printed parts that university students use in their classes, so the circular loop is closed. The obtained score of Material Circularity Indicator (MCI) of this material has been calculated, indicating its high level of circularity.

Fused Filament Fabrication 3D Printed Polylactic Acid Electroosmotic Pumps

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Wu ◽  
Stephen Beirne ◽  
Joan-Marc Cabot Canyelles ◽  
Brett Paull ◽  
Gordon G. Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Flexible Approach ◽  
Electroosmotic Pump ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Electroosmotic Pumps

Additive manufacturing (3D printing) offers a flexible approach for the production of bespoke microfluidic structures such as the electroosmotic pump. Here a readily accessible fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing...

scholarly journals 3D Printed Masks for Powders and Viruses Safety Protection Using Food Grade Polymers: Empirical Tests

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
Ruben Foresti ◽  
Benedetta Ghezzi ◽  
Matteo Vettori ◽  
Lorenzo Bergonzi ◽  
Silvia Attolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Biological Safety ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Industrial Grade ◽  
Safety Protection ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

The production of 3D printed safety protection devices (SPD) requires particular attention to the material selection and to the evaluation of mechanical resistance, biological safety and surface roughness related to the accumulation of bacteria and viruses. We explored the possibility to adopt additive manufacturing technologies for the production of respirator masks, responding to the sudden demand of SPDs caused by the emergency scenario of the pandemic spread of SARS-COV-2. In this study, we developed different prototypes of masks, exclusively applying basic additive manufacturing technologies like fused deposition modeling (FDM) and droplet-based precision extrusion deposition (db-PED) to common food packaging materials. We analyzed the resulting mechanical characteristics, biological safety (cell adhesion and viability), surface roughness and resistance to dissolution, before and after the cleaning and disinfection phases. We showed that masks 3D printed with home-grade printing equipment have similar performances compared to the industrial-grade ones, and furthermore we obtained a perfect face fit by customizing their shape. Finally, we developed novel approaches to the additive manufacturing post-processing phases essential to assure human safety in the production of 3D printed custom medical devices.

scholarly journals Design, Materials, and Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing in Circular Economy Contexts: From Waste to New Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7269
Author(s):  
Alessia Romani ◽  
Valentina Rognoli ◽  
Marinella Levi
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
Research And Design ◽  
Specific Contribution ◽  
New Strategies

The transition toward circular economy models has been progressively promoted in the last few years. Different disciplines and strategies may significantly support this change. Although the specific contribution derived from design, material science, and additive manufacturing is well-established, their interdisciplinary relationship in circular economy contexts is relatively unexplored. This paper aims to review the main case studies related to new circular economy models for waste valorization through extrusion-based additive manufacturing, circular materials, and new design strategies. The general patterns were investigated through a comprehensive analysis of 74 case studies from academic research and design practice in the last six-year period (2015–2021), focusing on the application fields, the 3D printing technologies, and the materials. Further considerations and future trends were then included by looking at the relevant funded projects and case studies of 2021. A broader number of applications, circular materials, and technologies were explored by the academic context, concerning the practice-based scenario linked to more consolidated fields. Thanks to the development of new strategies and experiential tools, academic research and practice can be linked to foster new opportunities to implement circular economy models.

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