scholarly journals Support for Economic Inequality and Tax Evasion

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8025
Author(s):  
William E. Shafer ◽  
Zhihong Wang ◽  
Tien-Shih Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Corporate Managers ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
Strong Positive Association ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
The Relationship

The primary focus of this paper is on the relationship between taxpayers’ ideological support for economic inequality and the likelihood they will commit tax evasion. We also propose that Machiavellianism will mediate the relationship between support for inequality and tax evasion. The results, based on a survey of experienced taxpayers, partially support our expectations. Ideological support for economic inequality had a significant positive association with Machiavellianism, which in turn had a strong positive association with tax evasion intentions. Machiavellianism fully mediated the relationship between support for inequality and tax evasion. This is the first study to investigate the potential influence of support for economic inequality on taxpayers’ evasion decisions. In light of the findings, we suggest that support for the persistence of economic inequality and related ideological beliefs may pose fundamental threats to governments’ ability to sustain just and fair socioeconomic systems. We also argue that such ideologies are likely to be associated with the ethical decisions of corporate managers, business owners and professionals across a variety of decision contexts, but their influence has largely been ignored in the business and society and sustainability literature.

Mediation analysis of social deficits between self-criticism and aggression in adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910452110058
Author(s):  
Sayyeda Taskeen Zahra ◽  
Sadia Saleem ◽  
Halima Khurshid
Keyword(s):  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Social Deficits ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Interpersonal Difficulties ◽  
Behavior Scale ◽  
The Relationship

This research aims to determine the mediating role of social deficits in self-criticism and aggression using a sample of 695 adolescents (girls = 49%, boys = 51%), aged 12 to 19 years ( M = 14.97, SD = 1.30) from an urbanized city of Pakistan. Interpersonal Difficulties Scale, Self-Criticism Scale, and Aggressive Behavior Scale were used in the present study. Results indicated a significant positive association of social deficits with self-criticism and aggression ( p < .001). Furthermore, findings also suggested a significant positive association between self-criticism and aggression. Mediation analysis revealed that self-criticism partially mediated the relationship between social deficits and aggression. Findings are discussed in terms of the expression and manifestation of self-criticism, social deficits, and aggression in adolescents in collectivistic cultures.

Hypertension, Cerebrovascular Disease and Stomach Cancer: Is the Salt Hypothesis True?

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 369s-371s ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul K. Whelton ◽  
Peter Goldblatt
Keyword(s):  
Stomach Cancer ◽  
Death Certificate ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Special Relationship ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Disease Associations ◽  
Strong Positive Association ◽  
Diagnostic Concordance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unique Relationship

1. Analysis of age-adjusted death rates from 21 countries over a 20-year period identified the presence of a strong positive association between recorded mortality from stroke, hypertension and stomach cancer. However, the slopes of regression lines for secular trends analyses varied considerably from country to country, suggesting an inconsistency in the pattern of the relationship. 2. A death certificate study of diagnostic concordance correctly identified previously known disease associations but failed to recognise any special relationship between stroke and stomach cancer or hypertension and stomach cancer. 3. Our results fail to confirm the presence of a unique relationship between stroke and stomach cancer. On the basis of these observations, the hypothesis that exposure to salt increases an individual's risk of developing both stroke and stomach cancer seems unlikely.

Exploring the relationship of human–nature interaction and mindfulness: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Sahni ◽  
Jyoti Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nature Relatedness ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nature Experience

History is replete with examples where humans have sought refuge in nature for psychological restoration. In this cross-sectional study we explore the relationship of nature experience and mindfulness. Nature experience is assessed through “nature in the neighbourhood”, “frequency of visit” to nature-rich spaces, as well as one's inherent connection with nature described as “nature relatedness”. The study sample consisted of 334 Indian adults. The findings from this study show that frequency of visit to nature-rich spaces has a significant positive association with mindfulness. The hierarchical regression analysis suggests an interaction effect of “nature relatedness” in the association of the presence of nature rich spaces in the neighbourhood, frequency of visit as well as mindfulness. Interestingly, when childhood experiences were explored they had a significant association with “nature relatedness” and mindfulness. The evidence from this research suggests that nature experience may find its application as one of the mindfulness techniques prescribed for self-management of mental health problems.

scholarly journals Impact of Political Connections on Corporate Environmental Performance：From a Green Development Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Zhang ◽  
Fei Ye ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Guichuan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Political Connections ◽  
Corporate Environmental Performance ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Green Development ◽  
Strong Positive Association ◽  
The Relationship

Employing a sample consisting of Chinese A-share listed companies, this study carries out an empirical research to investigate the influence path of political connections on enterprise environmental performance. The results show a strong positive association between political connections and corporate environmental performance, and green technology innovation plays the mediating role between them. In addition, public participation negatively moderates the relationship between political connections and corporate environmental performance. When the level of public participation is higher, the relationship between political connections and corporate environmental performance becomes weaker.

scholarly journals A link between knowledge sharing and managers’ characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1024-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Matošková ◽  
Lucie Macurová ◽  
Lucie Tomancová
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Principal Axis ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Principal Axis Factor

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether and to what extent knowledge-oriented leadership (KOL) is associated with knowledge sharing (KS) in an organization as well as the dimensions of this leadership style. Design/methodology/approach Opinion-based questionnaires were applied in the study. A principal axis factor analysis was conducted to find the main factors in KOL (n=236). The relationship between KS and KOL was tested with Pearson’s correlation coefficient method. Findings The findings support the importance of high-quality leader–member exchange for KS because KOL had a strong significant positive association with the extent of KS in the organization (n=96, r=0.521). The principal axis factor suggested three factors, all of which were moderately significantly related to KS: the perceived support from the superior, enough time for KS and information flow from the superior. Research limitations/implications The research design in this study was cross-sectional. Thus, the interpretations of the cause–effect relationship among the variables could not be determined. Furthermore, the findings should be confirmed using a larger sample. Practical implications The study indicates that if innovativeness and the use of human capital are important for an organization’s competitive ability, it is vital to train managers to be able to apply KOL. Originality/value Few studies have addressed the relationship between leadership and KS. Hence, this study contributes to a better understanding of the relation between KS and KOL style. Additionally, KOL is probably a multidimensional construct, but little empirical work has been done to explore it.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding exposure is associated with better knowledge of and attitudes toward BF in Kuwaiti women

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Dalal Usamah Alkazemi ◽  
Roberts Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Kuwait University ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Breast Fed

ObjectivesBreastfeeding (BF) has many benefits for both infants and mothers. However, despite evidence in support of BF, its prevalence has remained low in Kuwait. The purpose of this study was to (1) assess and describe BF attitudes and knowledge among women at a college campus; (2) evaluate BF exposures and sociodemographic factors associated with attitudes toward BF; (3) determine the association between BF knowledge and attitudes.Materials and methodsThis survey was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted from February to April 2016. A convenience sample of 330 women (students, faculty and staff) from the College of Life Sciences (CLS) at Kuwait University participated in the survey.ResultsMost of the participants respected women who breast fed (81.8%). Some participants believed that BF a baby is painful (43.3%), makes the breasts sag (35.8%), and restricts the mothers’ freedom (51.5%). Additionally, 47.6% of the participants reported that they would feel embarrassed if they saw a woman BF her baby. Acceptability of BF in public was low and most participants preferred BF only around friends and family (52.4%). A statistically significant positive association was observed between BF knowledge and attitudes (R2=6.5%, p<0.001); however, the relationship was not independent and was also associated with nationality and having been breast fed as a baby (R2=10.3%, p=0.021).ConclusionBF knowledge is important to encourage positive BF attitudes, and both are enforced with family values and practice across generations.

scholarly journals Serum Sialic Acid in a Random Sample of the General Population

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1842-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maritta Pönniö ◽  
Hannu Alho ◽  
Seppo T Nikkari ◽  
Ulf Olsson ◽  
Ulf Rydberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Disease Marker ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Serum Sialic Acid ◽  
Strong Positive Association

Abstract Background: The serum sialic acid (SA) concentration has been reported to be a potentially useful but nonspecific disease marker. We wanted to study which factors influence SA concentration in a well-characterized healthy population. Methods: SA was determined in 97 women and 96 men with a colorimetric Warren method. Results: The mean ± SD concentrations of SA were 634 ± 109 (95% confidence interval, 612–656) and 630 ± 106 (95% confidence interval, 608–651) mg/L for women and men, respectively. The serum SA showed a significant positive association with body mass index and with systolic and diastolic blood pressure among both women and men. SA also correlated significantly with the use of contraceptive pills and age among women and with smoking among men. Conclusions: Our study suggests that SA does not increase with age in men but appears to increase with female menopause. The strong positive association with blood pressure may explain why SA predicts cardiovascular mortality.

Menstrual characteristics, bleeding and other non-pelvic-pain symptoms in women presenting with severe endometriotic disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Robert Markham ◽  
Georgina M Luscombe ◽  
Frank Manconi ◽  
Ian S Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Pain Symptoms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Detailed Nature

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the detailed nature of menstrual characteristics, bleeding and other symptoms in women with and without endometriosis. Pelvic pain symptoms in this cohort have been reported elsewhere. Method: This is a self-administered cross-sectional study and was conducted using a structural questionnaire. A total of 737 women completed the study: women with endometriosis (n = 529) and with no current gynaecological complaint, ‘control’ (n = 208). Results: Some of the key findings in this study included significant differences between the control and endometriosis subjects in terms of bleeding symptoms, increased length and heaviness of menses, rectal and bladder bleeding, infertility and obstetric complications which were all more common in the endometriosis group. Other symptoms found to have a highly significant positive association with endometriosis included abdominal bloating, low resistance to infection, fatigue, increased urinary frequency, diarrhoea and constipation (p < 0.000). Data were cross-tabulated to examine the association of a number of symptoms to each other. The relationship of symptoms to a range of psychosocial factors was investigated to determine how the effects of endometriosis impacted on the life of subjects. Most women reported that endometriosis sometimes or often interfered with daily aspects of their life. Conclusion: The range of non-pain symptoms in women with endometriosis was generally much more diverse and extensive than recognised by most clinicians.

Money and happiness: does age make a difference?

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1289-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHANG-MING HSIEH
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTAlthough the factors that influence people's perception of happiness have long been a focus for scholars, research to date has not offered conclusive findings on the relationships between income, age and happiness. This study examined the relationship between money and happiness across age groups. Analysing data from United States General Social Surveys from 1972 to 2006, this study finds that even after controlling for all the major socio-demographic variables, income (whether household income or personal equivalised income) had a significant positive association with happiness for young and middle-age adults, but it was not the same case with older adults. After controlling for the major socio-demographic variables, there was no evidence of a significant relationship between income (whichever definition) and happiness for older adults. The results also showed that the effect of household income on happiness was significantly smaller for older adults than for young or middle-age adults in the model controlling for major socio-demographic variables. The relationship between household income and happiness no longer differed significantly across age groups after social comparison variables were included. The relationship between equivalised income and happiness did not vary significantly by age group after controlling for the major socio-demographic variables.

Dividend payment and earnings quality: evidence from Indonesia

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Febriela Sirait ◽  
Sylvia Veronica Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Dividend Payment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – This research aims to examine the relationship between dividend payment and earnings quality. Design/methodology/approach – The authors examine four dividend features: dividend-paying status, dividend size, dividend changes, and dividend persistence. The samples consist of 90 firms from the manufacturing industry in the years 2005-2009. Multiple regression is used for testing hypotheses. Findings – The results show that dividend-paying status, dividend increase, and persistence in dividend payment have significant positive association with earnings quality. However, the authors do not find evidence that larger dividend size is an indicator of higher earnings quality. Overall, the results show that dividend-paying status, increase in dividend size, and persistence in dividend payment are indicators or signals of higher earnings quality. Research limitations/implications – This study examines only the manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Further study based on different industries and/or different emerging markets is needed before generalizing results. Originality/value – Few studies have examined dividend payment in emerging markets. This study fills the void.

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