scholarly journals Knowledge and Practices of Indigenous Peoples in the Context of Resource Management in Relation to Climate Change in Southeast Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 7983
Author(s):  
Gerard A. Persoon ◽  
Tessa Minter
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Anthropogenic Change ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
External Interventions ◽  
Home Territory

In this article, we document how four indigenous peoples in insular Southeast Asia (Indonesia and the Philippines) have reacted to external interventions and discuss to what extent climate change has been a factor in the adjustment of their way of life. All groups share a similar environment, that is tropical low land rainforest. However, their traditional modes of exploitation of this environment vary, which can be ascribed to specific geographical and cultural characteristics. In recent years, these indigenous peoples have faced encroachment of their lands through logging and mining activities and the arrival of migrants looking for arable lands. They have developed various ways to cope with the changing conditions, ranging from efforts to retreat into the remaining rainforest to increased resource extraction and losing a long-term interest in the sustainability of their home territory. The younger generation seems to take a different stand towards their future in relation to their natural environment and the way of life of their ancestors. Though there can be no doubt about climate change in the context of insular Southeast Asia, this change is difficult to differentiate from the cumulative environmental impacts brought about by other forms of anthropogenic change, notably forest degradation. Examples that will be discussed in this article are the Agta of Northeastern Luzon in the Philippines, and the Orang Rimba, the Mentawaians, and the Ngaju Dayak in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Will population exposure to heat extremes intensify over Southeast Asia in a warmer world?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuerong Sun ◽  
Fei Ge ◽  
Yi Fan ◽  
Shoupeng Zhu ◽  
Quanliang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Heat Extremes

Abstract Temperature extremes have increased during the past several decades and are expected to intensify under current rapid global warming over Southeast Asia (SEA). Exposure to rising temperatures in highly vulnerable regions affects populations, ecosystems, and other elements that may suffer potential losses. Here, we evaluate changes in temperature extremes and future population exposure over SEA at global warming levels (GWLs) of 2.0 °C and 3.0 °C using outputs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Results indicate that temperature extreme indices are projected to increase over SEA at both GWLs, with more significant magnitudes at 3.0 °C. However, daily temperature ranges (DTR) show a decrease. The substantial increase in total SEA population exposure to heat extremes from 730 million person-days at 2.0 °C GWL to 1,200 million person-days at 3.0 °C GWL is mostly contributed by the climate change component, accounting for 48%. In addition, if the global warming is restricted well below 2.0 °C, the avoided impacts in population exposure are prominent for most regions over SEA with the largest mitigation in the Philippines (PH). Aggregate population exposure to impacts is decreased by approximately 39% at 2.0 °C GWL, while the interaction component effect, which is associated with increased population and climate change, would decrease by 53%. This indicates the serious consequences for growing populations concurrent with global warming impacts if the current fossil-fueled development pathway is adhered to. The present study estimates the risks of increased temperature extremes and population exposure in a warmer future, and further emphasizes the necessity and urgency of implementing climate adaptation and mitigation strategies in SEA.

scholarly journals The Sustainable Livelihood Challenge of REDD+ Implementation in the Philippines

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Jane Peras ◽  
Juan Pulhin ◽  
Makoto Inoue ◽  
Abrar Jurar Mohammed ◽  
Kazuhiro Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Financial Benefit ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
High Association ◽  
Capital Assets ◽  
Trade Offs

<p class="1Body">The forestry sector in the developing world has been continuously challenged by the unsustainability of forest resources and the threat of climate change. Reducing Emissions from Forest Degradation and Deforestation (REDD+) was launched to address the problem, and the Philippines accepted the challenge by undergoing the 10-year phased process. Using the sustainable livelihoods framework, this paper examines the challenges of REDD+ implementation in the Philippines using the case of Southern Leyte REDD+ pilot area and highlights the co-benefits and trade-offs of pilot project activities on the five (5) capital assets. Our findings suggest greater impacts of CBFM on the key indicators of change than REDD+. There is very high association of the natural and financial capital assets with REDD+ pilot project activities, yet financial benefit is short-lived. Local people highly regarded the contribution of assisted natural regeneration and reforestation activities in sequestering carbon, while agroforestry is perceived to sustain agricultural production in the future. The major drawback of REDD+ pilot project activities is that it perpetuates the failures of CBFM initiatives giving little attention to sustainable livelihood objectives. Forest conservation policy like REDD+ as a mechanism for addressing climate change can still be adopted by local communities if livelihood capital assets will be further enhanced.</p>

scholarly journals Trade-driven trapping dampens the biodiversity benefits of forest restoration in Southeast Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H S Sathya Chandra Sagar ◽  
James J Gilroy ◽  
Tom Swinfield ◽  
Ding Li Yong ◽  
Elva Gemita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Avian Community ◽  
Pet Trade ◽  
Tropical Forest Restoration

Tropical forest restoration stands to deliver important conservation gains in lowland Southeast Asia, which has suffered some of the world's highest rates of forest degradation and loss. This promise, however, may be undermined by defaunation driven by ubiquitous wildlife trapping in the region, particularly for forest birds that are part of the multi-million-dollar pet trade. To date, quantification of the impacts of trade-driven trapping on rates of biodiversity recovery from forest restoration has been limited. Here, we use a unique long-term survey dataset to ask how trade-driven trapping may interfere with the expected recovery of avian community under forest restoration, at a flagship ecosystem restoration site in the lowland rainforests of Sumatra, Indonesia. We show that tropical forest restoration is associated with the increases in the abundance of 88% of bird species over time. However, impacts of trapping within more accessible areas of the forest meant that this recovery was dampened for 74% of bird species, relative to levels expected as a result of the magnitude of forest recovery observed. Most species (80%) showed increasingly positive relationships between abundance and site remoteness over the period, a pattern that was found for both species targeted for the pet trade (85% of species) and those trapped opportunistically or as 'bycatch' (78% of species). We emphasize the urgency of tackling the emerging threat of pet trade to Southeast Asia's avian diversity, not least to ensure the effectiveness of efforts towards forest restoration.

scholarly journals Low-Carbon Transport Policy in ASEAN Countries: A Comparative Analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Bakker ◽  
Kathleen Dematera Contreras ◽  
Monica Kappiantari ◽  
Tuan Anh Nguyen ◽  
Danielle Guillen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Transport Policy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Carbon Transport

Emerging countries in Southeast Asia are facing considerable challenges in addressing rising motorisation and its negative impact on air quality, traffic, energy security, liveability, and greenhouse gas emissions. Indeed, even as initial policies to address these issues are being agreed and implemented, current trends are incompatible with sustainable development and long-term climate change targets. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the approach and status of sustainable, low-carbon transport policy in ASEAN countries and identifies differences and similarities, with the aim of helping assessment of feasibility of future policies and informing future studies on policy innovations and cross-country learning. The methodology is based on the taxonomy of policy components developed by Howlett and Cashore, and our data on comprehensive country studies for Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam and interviews. We find that each country has a specific set of goals, objectives and targets that support sustainable transport, and, directly or indirectly, climate change mitigation. In terms of specific instruments and calibrations, which we analyse based on the Avoid-Shift-Improve approach, there are notable differences between the countries, for example in fuel economy policy.

“We are Indigenous and We Want to be Literate in Our Own Language”

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-101
Author(s):  
Ilaria Micheli
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The University ◽  
High Degree ◽  
New Situation ◽  
Very High ◽  
International Circuit

The Ogiek of Mariashoni living in the Mau Forest of Kenya are a group of hunters and gatherers, who in the last 30 years have been facing a progressive process of habitat and climate change which obliged them to settle down and leave their semi-nomadic way of life. The major characteristic of the Ogiek has always been a very high degree of adaptability to their social and environmental context, which allowed them to develop what we can now call a fluid identity. Recently they have come into contact with new social (and economic) movements promoted and supported by national and international ngos working in the field of human rights and for the safeguard of indigenous peoples, which gave them the possibility to enter the international circuit of aid for cooperation and development. In a socio-linguistic perspective one of the most interesting aspects of this new situation is the speakers’ changed attitude towards their own language and its promotion. This paper contains an accurate description of a project aimed at the definition of a good orthographic system for the Ogiek language and the production of didactic materials for primary schools. The project, which ended up as a failure due to the lack of participation and funding from the local Kenyan official institutions, was promoted by the University of Trieste in the framework of the ATrA project.

scholarly journals Environmental fixes and historical trajectories of marine resource use in Southeast Asia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fabinyi
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Marine Resource ◽  
Environmental Pressure ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Geographical Expansion ◽  
Means Of Production

This paper emphasises the long-term historical trajectories of marine resource use in the Philippines through an examination of successive environmental fixes. Based on fieldwork from coastal Mindoro province, the paper shows how the technological intensification and geographical expansion of fisheries, the development of aquaculture and the promotion of tourism represent three forms of environmental fixes that aim to address the problems caused by marine resource declines and subsequent lack of availability of means of production. All three fixes have struggled to reduce environmental pressure or provide a long-term basis for livelihoods. The paper argues that viewing how successive types of environmental fixes unfold over long periods of time highlights how marine resource declines are part of much wider economic and historical processes, with consequent implications for livelihoods and governance.

From the Global to the Local: The Development of Indigenous Peoples’ Land Rights Internationally and in Southeast Asia

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek INMAN
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
Legislative Reform ◽  
Implementation Gap ◽  
African Commission

Despite a noticeable shift in recent years, indigenous peoples in Asia continue to experience many forms of human rights violations, with the most serious perhaps being the loss of traditional lands and territories. The purpose of this paper is to examine indigenous peoples’ land rights and its application in Southeast Asia. To that end, the paper will provide an overview of the development of indigenous peoples’ land rights internationally; offer regional perspectives from the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the African Commission for Human and Peoples’ Rights; analyze the concept of indigenous peoples in Asia, juxtaposing it with concurrent difficulties being experienced on the African continent; examine three countries (Cambodia, the Philippines, and Malaysia) that recognize indigenous peoples’ land rights to some extent, whether through constitutional amendments, legislative reform, or domestic jurisprudence; and highlight the implementation gap between the rights of indigenous peoples in law and practice.

scholarly journals A synthesis of the implementation ambivalence of REDD+ in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Divine Odame Appiah ◽  
Stephanie Esinu Adjoa Gbeddy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Change Initiatives ◽  
Alternative Livelihood ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Sub Saharan

Reducing emission from deforestation and forest degradation and associated benefits (REDD+), has received much attention as one of the most controversial climate change initiatives, especially by forest fringed community actors in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Southeast Asia, (SEA) who are skeptical of the scheme.The object of this paper is to examine the seeming potential benefits and accompanying risks and challenges of REDD+ on the livelihoods among smallholder farmers in SSA and SEA. The paper espouses the sustainability context of REDD+ projects as pro-poor forest management mechanisms; through the provision of alternative livelihood. This is achieved through critical review and critique of scientific articles, project reports and relevant documents on REDD+ interventions from a worldwide, regional to local scale. The paper identifies projects that seem to solidify claims that REDD+ projects are simply a new form of colonialism; which the West is using to take advantage of vulnerable groups in the South. The paper concludes with the need to actively engage sub-Saharan African and Southeast Asian women in climate change mitigation benefit schemes on account of the expedient role women play in agricultural activities (which may involve deforestation and forest land degradation).

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