scholarly journals Removal of Cd(II) from Water by HPEI Modified Humin

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 7931
Author(s):  
Sanmei Li ◽  
Mingda Wu ◽  
Linghong Lu ◽  
Jiabao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adsorption Performance ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Weathered Coal ◽  
Cost Treatment

Humin is the waste residue from the process of preparing humic acid, which accounts for a large proportion of the raw material (weathered coal humic acid). Its Cd(II) adsorption performance is far inferior to that of humic acid. How to regenerate humin is of great significance to the low-cost treatment of Cd(II) pollution in wastewater. In this study, humin was modified by hyperbranched polyethyleneimine to enhance the adsorption capacity for Cd(II). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the X-ray photoelectron spectrometer showed that hyperbranched polyethyleneimine was grafted to the surface of humin. Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy showed that the saturated Cd(II) adsorption capacity of the modified humin was increased to 11.975 mg/g, which is about 5 times than that of humin and is also higher than that of humic acid. The adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherm, and thermodynamic properties of humic acid, humin, and modified humin were also studied. This study may provide a foundation for research utilizing natural resources to reduce heavy metal pollution in the environment.

scholarly journals Removal of Cadmium(II) from Water using Modified Citrus limettioides Peels: Thermodynamic and Isotherm Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
P. Janaki ◽  
R. Sudha ◽  
T.S. Sribharathi ◽  
P. Anitha ◽  
K. Poornima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Adsorption Performance ◽  
Monolayer Adsorption ◽  
Isotherm Equations

The adsorption performance of sulphuric acid treated low cost adsorbent synthesized by using Citrus limettioides peel as an effective raw material for the removal of cadmium(II) from water. The batch adsorption method was carried out to optimize some parameters like contact time, pH and adsorbent dose. The nonlinear isotherm equations were used to calculate the different isotherm constant of five isotherm models namely Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Redlich-Peterson and Sips. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity of chemically modified Citrus limettioides peel was found to be 287.60 mg g-1. The negative values of ΔGº and ΔHº showed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic.

Low-Cost Synthesis and Morphology Control of Magnesium Oxysulfate Hydrate Whiskers

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 986-991
Author(s):  
Chuan Hui Gao ◽  
Li Ding ◽  
Yu Min Wu ◽  
Chuan Xing Wang ◽  
Jun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Magnesium Oxysulfate

A low-cost raw material, bittern obtained from the production process of sea salt, was used to prepare magnesium oxysulfate hydrate (MgSO4·5Mg (OH)2·2H2O, abbreviated as 152MOS) whiskers via hydrothermal synthesis with ammonia and magnesium sulfate as the other starting raw materials. The bittern was firstly filtered and then used directly without de-coloring. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed to investigate the composition and morphology of the products. It was found that the 152MOS whiskers synthesized from bittern at 190°C for 3 hours exhibited fanlike morphology. The formation of the fanlike whiskers was inhibited and most of the whiskers presented as single fibers when ethanol was used as crystal control agent in the hydrothermal process. From the two-dimensional steps observed at tips of the whiskers, a possible growth mechanism was speculated that it was the extension of dislocations that made the growth of the whiskers.

The Production of Reduced Graphene Oxide by a Low-Cost Vacuum System for Supercapacitor Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 930 ◽  
pp. 609-612
Author(s):  
Quezia Cardoso ◽  
Franks Martins Silva ◽  
Ligia Silverio Vieira ◽  
Julio Cesar Serafim Casini ◽  
Solange Kazume Sakata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pump Pressure

Graphene has attracted significant interest because of its excellent electrical properties. However, a practical method for producing graphene on a large scale is yet to be developed. Graphene oxide (GO) can be partially reduced to graphene-like sheets by removing the oxygen-containing groups and recovering the conjugated structure. GO can be produced using inexpensive graphite as the raw material via cost-effective chemical methods. High vacuum and temperature (10−7 mbar and 1100°C, respectively) conditions are well-known to enable the preparation of reduced powder at the laboratory scale. However, a large-scale high vacuum reduction system that can be routinely operated at 10−7 mbar requires considerable initial capital as well as substantial operational and maintenance costs. The current study aims at developing an inexpensive method for the large-scale reduction of graphene oxide. A stainless steel vessel was evacuated to backing-pump pressure (10−2 mbar) and used to process GO at a range of temperatures. The reduction of GO powder at low vacuum pressures was attempted and investigated by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results of processing GO powder at various temperatures (200–1000°C) at relatively low pressures are reported. The microstructures of the processed materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and chemical microanalyses via energy dispersive X-ray analysis.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Phase-Formation Behavior of Agricultural Material

2014 ◽  
Vol 979 ◽  
pp. 323-326
Author(s):  
W. Siriprom ◽  
P. Kuha ◽  
S. Kongsriprapan ◽  
K. Teanchai
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Oxide Compound ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Babylonia Areolata ◽  
Agricultural Material

In present study, the phase transformations upon heat treatment were investigated and assessment the possibilities to produce the raw material in the production of low-cost natural adsorbents which have appropriate physical and mechanical characteristics. The physical-chemical properties of agricultural material were identified by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy. The XRD pattern suggest that theBabylonia areolatashells sample have the aragonite phase while the rice husk and the coconut lumber sawdust have amorphous structure. After that, all samples were annealed at different temperatures ranging from 300 to 900°C, another that, all samples have been transform structural in to Oxide compound. Moreover, the chemical compositions were investigated by XRF and FTIR was developed for analysis of functional group and their chemical bonding characteristics.

scholarly journals Characterization of Ultrafiltration-Fractionated Humic Acid Derived from Chinese Weathered Coal by Spectroscopic Techniques

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2030
Author(s):  
Shuiqin Zhang ◽  
Liang Yuan ◽  
Yanting Li ◽  
Bingqiang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
Weathered Coal ◽  
Degree Of Aromaticity

Weathered coal is a widely used raw material of farm-oriented humic acid in China, while the high heterogeneity impedes its sufficient utilization. In this study, we fractionated the humic acid derived from Chinese weathered coal by ultrafiltration, and three fractions with the molecular range of ≥100 kDa, 10–100 kDa, ≤10 kDa were obtained. Subsequently, the chemical and spectral properties of the fractions were characterized by elemental analysis, potentiometric titration, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and other spectroscopy. The results showed that more than 60% of humic acid by weight was concentrated in the molecular range higher than 100 kDa, while only 3.25% was assigned to that with molecular weight lower than 10 kDa. The humic acid fraction with molecular weight higher than 100 kDa showed more carbon content, lower H/C atomic ratio, while higher E4/E6 ratio, more aromatic structure in FTIR, 13C NMR, and XPS spectra, indicating a higher degree of aromaticity and stronger hydrophobicity. Conversely, there were more carboxyl groups and aliphatic structures, while fewer condensed aromatic rings for the humic acid fraction with molecular weight less than 100 kDa. These differences provide a baseline for the better utilization of weathered coal.

scholarly journals Adsorpsi Asam Humat pada Zeolit Alam yang Dimodifikasi dengan TiO2

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Upita Septiani ◽  
Fiska Julian Tasari ◽  
Zilfa Zilfa
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Natural Zeolites ◽  
X Ray ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Silica Alumina

This research modified natural zeolite with TiO2 synthesized by the sol-gel process which was applied as a humic acid adsorbent. The purpose of this study was to coat natural zeolites with TiO2 to increase the adsorption capacity of natural zeolites as humic acid adsorbents. The natural zeolite powders were obtained from Kabupaten Solok, West Sumatra, based on X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis, the ratio of silica/alumina (Si/Al) was 4.35, indicating that natural zeolite was clinoptilolite zeolite. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis showed natural zeolite has a rough surface with closed pores while zeolite coated with TiO2 (zeolite/TiO2) has a homogeneous, smooth surface with open pore. The results of the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed that the level of TiO2 was 7.1%, this result showed that TiO2 has been coated on the surface of the zeolite. Natural zeolite and zeolite/TiO2 were applied as humic acid adsorbents. Maximum adsorption capacity of natural zeolites and zeolites/TiO2 were 0.2787 mg/g and 1.199 mg/g, respectively.

scholarly journals Copper Cathode Contamination by Nickel in Copper Electrorefining

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1758
Author(s):  
Mika Sahlman ◽  
Jari Aromaa ◽  
Mari Lundström
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Anode Slime ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Copper Electrorefining ◽  
The Past ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Nickel Compounds ◽  
Particle Entrapment

Nickel behavior has a significant role in the electrorefining of copper, and although it has been extensively studied from the anode and electrolyte point of view over the past decades, studies on nickel contamination at the cathode are limited. In the current paper, three possible contamination mechanisms—particle entrapment, electrolyte inclusions and co-electrodeposition—were investigated. Copper electrorefining (Cu-ER) was conducted at the laboratory scale, and the cathodes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Particle entrapment was studied by adding NiO and Fe2O3 to the system to simulate nickel anode slime, and the experiments were replicated with industrial anode slime material. The possibility of electrolyte entrapment due to nodulation was explored through the addition of graphite to produce nodules on the cathode. Co-electrodeposition was analyzed by experiments that utilized a Hull cell. The results indicate that particle entrapment can occur at the cathode and is a major source of the nickel contamination in Cu-ER, whereas nickel compounds were not shown to promote nodulation. Inclusions of bulk electrolytes within the surface matrix were observed, proving that electrolyte entrapment is possible. As co-electrodeposition of Ni in Cu-ER is thermodynamically unlikely, these experimental results also verify that it does not occur to any significant extent.

scholarly journals CuAl LDH/Rice Husk Biochar Composite for Enhanced Adsorptive Removal of Cationic Dye from Aqueous Solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neza Rahayu Palapa ◽  
Tarmizi Taher ◽  
Bakri Rio Rahayu ◽  
Risfidian Mohadi ◽  
Addy Rachmat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Malachite Green ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Cationic Dye ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adsorptive Removal

The preparation of CuAl LDH and biochar (BC) composite derived from rice husk and its application as a low-cost adsorbent for enhanced adsorptive removal of malachite green has been studied. The composite was prepared by a one-step coprecipitation method and characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM−EDX). The result indicated that CuAl LDH was successfully incorporated with the biochar that evidenced by the broadening of XRD peak at 2θ = 24° and the appearance of a new peak at 1095 cm−1 on the FTIR spectra. The BET surface area analysis revealed that CuAl/BC composite exhibited a larger surface area (200.9 m2/g) that the original CuAl LDH (46.2 m2/g). Surface morphological changes also confirmed by SEM image, which showed more aggregated particles. The result of the adsorption study indicated the composite material was efficient in removing malachite green with Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of CuAl/BC reaching 470.96 mg/g, which is higher than the original CuAl LDH 59.523 mg/g. The thermodynamic analysis suggested that the adsorption of malachite green occurs spontaneously (ΔG < 0 at all tested temperature) and endothermic nature. Moreover, the CuAl/BC composite showed strong potential as a low-cost adsorbent for cationic dye removal since it showed not only a high adsorption capacity but also good reusability. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

scholarly journals Adsorption performance of antimony by modified iron powder

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (54) ◽  
pp. 31645-31653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Zhang ◽  
Haiyan Jiang ◽  
Yumei Deng ◽  
Aihe Wang
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Iron Powder ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Adsorption Behavior ◽  
Acid Modification ◽  
Iron Powders ◽  
Adsorption Performance ◽  
Application Potential

Modified iron powders were obtained by ball-milling and acid modification and the adsorption behavior and mechanism for Sb(iii) and Sb(v) analyzed. The improved adsorption capacity and low cost show the application potential of the modified material.

scholarly journals Steel slag as low-cost adsorbent for the removal of phenanthrene and naphthalene

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1160-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyun Yang ◽  
Xiaoming Qian ◽  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Hao Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model

This study investigates the removal effectiveness and characteristics of phenanthrene and naphthalene using low-cost steel slag with batch experiments. The adsorption characteristics of steel slag were measured and analysed using X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The batch experiments investigated the effect of the time gradient, pH, and steel slag dosage gradient on the adsorption of the steel slag. The results show that with time and dosage of steel slag increased, the adsorption capacity of phenanthrene and naphthalene increased and gradually became balanced, but pH had no obvious effect on the adsorption of phenanthrene and naphthalene. The Langmuir isotherm model best describes the phenanthrene and naphthalene removal by the steel slag, which shows the adsorption occurring in a monolayer. The maximum adsorption capacity of the steel slag to phenanthrene and naphthalene is 0.043 and 0.041 mg/g, respectively. A pseudo-first-order kinetic model can better represent the adsorption of phenanthrene and naphthalene by steel slag. The research demonstrates that the steel slag has a certain adsorption capacity for phenanthrene and naphthalene.

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