scholarly journals Influences of Building Characteristics and Attitudes on Water Conservation Behavior of Rural Residents

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7620
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Han Zhao ◽  
Yibin Ao ◽  
Linchuan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Conservation Behavior ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Building Characteristics

Urbanization promotes the development of human civilization but brings great challenges, such as air pollution, lack of water resources, and environmental damage, to the natural environment. Water conservation effectively alleviates the lack of water resources. Existing studies mostly focus on water conservation behavior in urban areas and overlook rural areas. This study takes rural residents in Chengdu as the research object and selects four villages to conduct empirical research and fill this research gap. A total of 165 valid questionnaires are collected after face-to-face interviews. First, descriptive analysis is used to analyze the current situation of rural residents’ water conservation behavior. Second, exploratory factor analysis and the binary logistic regression model are used to explore the relationship between building characteristics, water conservation attitudes, and water conservation behavior. The results show that (1) the rural residents’ water conservation attitude plays an important role in water conservation behavior; “environmental values” is the most significant factor, followed by “saving money and joint participation;” (2) rural building characteristics such as layout of the kitchen and shower facilities significantly affect the water conservation behavior of rural residents. Based on the analysis, several suggestions are made for building a new water-saving rural area in Chengdu, such as strengthening the publicity and education of water-saving behavior and subsidizing water-saving facilities. This research provides a theoretical basis for local government departments to formulate relevant policies and serves as a valuable reference for the protection of water resources in other rural areas.

Management of Water Cycle: An Approach to Urban Ecology

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ripl
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
River System ◽  
Soil Restoration ◽  
Environmental Damage

Abstract Densely populated urban areas, which have developed over the last century, depend heavily on centralized water supply, sewage treatment plants, and hydroelectric or thermal power generation with vast demand of cooling water. Considerable areas have been drained or sealed, and the short-circuited water cycle has been distorted. Large rivers have been converted to shipping canals with the permanent risk of accidental pollution. Technical means such as sewage treatment, air filters, emission control and lake and soil restoration measures have contributed to correct the environmental damage. However, a balance sheet for irreversible matter losses (mainly base cation charges) from the urbanized areas and the surrounding landscape into the sea shows ever-increasing trends. These losses are destabilizing the ecosystems. In this paper, management of the water cycle in urban areas, together with the coupled matter cycles, is discussed. Particular reference is given to Metropolitan Berlin, with a network of shipping canals, which move biologically treated waste, containing base cations and nutrients to the surrounding rural areas. This could create manageable productive wetlands and re-establish soil fertility. At the same time, the natural cooling system close to the urban areas will be improved by providing more areas with permanent vegetation. In addition, reduction of the present large oscillations of the groundwater table, resulting from groundwater pumping and its recharge with less polluted surface water, is contemplated. The widely used shoreline infiltration of the Havel River should then be eliminated and the severe damage of the littoral vegetation in large sections of the Havel River system be avoided.

Status and disparities of diabetes among urban and rural residents aged 40 years and older: insight from a population-based study in northeast China, 2017–2019

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-213755
Author(s):  
Liying Xing ◽  
Yuanmeng Tian ◽  
Li Jing ◽  
Min Lin ◽  
Zhi Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence

ObjectivesTo evaluate the up-to-date epidemiology of diabetes in northeast China.MethodsThe cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2017 and March 2019 using a multistage, stratified and cluster random sampling method. 18 796 participants (28.9% urban and 71.1% rural) aged ≥40 years were enrolled. Diabetes and pre-diabetes were diagnosed according to the history, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels.ResultsThe prevalence of diabetes was 17.1%, higher in urban than in rural residents (20.2% vs 15.8%, p<0.001). Meanwhile, the prevalence of pre-diabetes was 44.3%, higher in rural than in urban areas (49.4% vs 31.8%, p<0.001). The overall FPG and HbA1c were 6.10±1.94 mmol/L and 5.59%±1.08%. The FPG level was higher in rural area than in urban areas (6.15±1.83 mmol/L vs 5.97±2.18 mmol/L, p<0.001). Among participants with diabetes, 47.5% were aware of their diabetes condition; 39.5% were taking antidiabetic medications and 36.8% of people had their diabetes controlled. The awareness and treatment rates in rural areas were lower than those in urban areas (47.3% vs 57.5%, 34.4% vs 49.5%, p<0.001). Patients with diabetic, especially those in rural areas, tended to have multiple risk factors including hypertension (71.7%), overweight or obesity (69.6%) and dyslipidaemia (52.8%).ConclusionA considerable burden of diabetes was observed in northeast China, with high percentage of untreated diabetes, high prevalence of pre-diabetes, high overall FPG level and multiple uncontrolled risk factors in patients with diabetics. Therefore, region-specific strategies on prevention and management of diabetes should be emphasised.

scholarly journals The Influence of Information Services on Public Transport Behavior of Urban and Rural Residents

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5454
Author(s):  
Xuemei Zhou ◽  
Jiahui Liang ◽  
Xiangfeng Ji ◽  
Caitlin Cottrill
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Transport Behavior ◽  
Urban And Rural Residents ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Rural and urban areas are mainly connected by public transport in China. The characteristics of the trips of local residents in rural and urban areas are different; therefore, the demand for public transport information services is different. Based on the revealed data, a structural equation model is applied to examine the critical factors affecting the behavior of urban and rural residents in choosing public transport in the Beidaihe District, Qinhuangdao City, China. The effect of information service factors on public transport behavior of urban and rural residents is obtained. The influence level of public transport information service on public transport behavior of urban and rural residents before and during travel is discussed. This study provides valuable insights to improving public transport services between urban and rural areas of China, which can attract more residents to use public transport and promotes sustainable development between urban and rural areas.

scholarly journals Tourist Activity of Senior Citizens (60+) Residing in Urban and Rural Areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Omelan ◽  
Robert Podstawski ◽  
Marek Raczkowski
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Permanent Residence

AbstractThe objective of this study was to analyze the influence of place of permanent residence (urban or rural) on the tourist activity of senior citizens (60+) of different socioeconomic statuses. The study involved 380 senior citizens (305 female and 75 male) aged 60 years and older who were permanent residents of the region of Warmia and Mazury, Poland. In this group, 244 subjects resided in urban areas and 136 participants were rural dwellers. The respondents were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding their socioeconomic status (place of permanent residence, age, gender, educational attainment, financial status, membership in senior organizations, marital status, and professional activity) and tourist activity. A significance test of two structure coefficients (α=0.05) was applied. Factors such as gender, professional activity, and marital status were not related with the travel propensity of seniors from different groups (urban and rural), but were significant when rural residents were compared with urban dwellers. Seniors residing in urban areas of Warmia and Mazury, Poland, were significantly more likely to travel for leisure than those residing in rural areas. The tourist activity of seniors decreased significantly (p<0.05) with the age (60-74 years) and financial status of rural residents. The travel propensity of elderly people increased significantly (p<0.05) with educational attainment and membership in senior organizations. The study revealed considerable differences in the socioeconomic status and social characteristics of seniors residing in rural and urban areas, and those variations significantly influenced their propensity for travel: urban residents traveled more frequently than rural residents. It can be concluded that place of residence was a crucial factor determining the tourist behavior of senior citizens, and urban dwellers were more likely to travel.

Water and wastewater related issues in Sri Lanka

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.J.G.J. Bandara
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Water And Wastewater

The primary problems concerning water resources in Sri Lanka are the depletion and degradation of the resource caused by various anthropogenic activities. Surface inland waters in urban areas are polluted heavily with domestic sewage and industrial effluents, and in rural areas with agricultural runoff. With regard to ground water in certain areas of the dry zone, there is a high fluoride content and in hard, rocky, alluvial areas, there is a high concentration of iron. In urban over-crowded cities, there is biological contamination of ground water. Over-utilization, particularly through tube wells, is another major problem affecting ground water resources in Sri Lanka. Oil spills, dumping of waste from ships, coral and sand mining, and industrial activities are the main causes of marine pollution in the country. Except for pipe-borne water supply, irrigation and hydropower schemes, in general water resources in Sri Lanka are managed very poorly. Regulations are available to control most water related problems but enforcement of these regulations is lacking. The ultimate result of degradation and depletion of water resources is the increasing health hazards. Water-borne and vector-borne diseases are prevalent, particularly amongst urban low-income communities with poor sanitary facilities and drainage. Despite government initiatives and legislation, very slow progress has been made towards combating water pollution. This paper examines the most significant water and wastewater related issues in Sri Lanka and their controlling mechanisms.

scholarly journals Farmers’ Contributions to Achieving Water Sustainability: A Meta-Analytic Path Analysis of Predicting Water Conservation Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Bijan Abadi ◽  
Girma Kelboro
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Conservation Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

This article intends to summarize the findings of studies on the relationship between farmers’ behavioral intentions (BI) and water-conservation behavior (WCB) using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). A systematic review of transcripts obtained from Internet-based searching on reliable scientific databases (e.g., SID, ProQuest, Springer, Science Direct, John Wiley, Sage, Taylor & Francis, Emerald Insight, and Google Scholar) was followed by outfitting data for the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. Data from a total of 28 studies on WCB were synthesized and analyzed through the CMA procedure. The resulting evidence demonstrates that the total and summarized estimate point (i.e., correlation) for the associations of attitude (ATT), subjective norms (SNs), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) with BI was 0.46, 0.36, and 0.26, respectively (r(t)PBC < r(t) SNs < r(t)ATT → BI). Furthermore, the effect size of the relationship between PBC and WCB was 0.27. The largest effect size pertained to the relationship between BI and WCB (BI → WCB) (r(t)BI = 0.52). The take-home message of the article is that hypothetical statements of the TPB are confirmed, as would be hypothesized. These findings should still be regarded in the field of WCB research; thus, policymakers need to provide solutions and adapt their policy initiatives for water resource management based on these findings. For example, one of the solutions to improve water resource management based on the research results is to examine the views and realities constructed by farmers of water resources and related management styles before carrying out water resource management projects. Identifying the potential capabilities of farmers and their economic and social background to expand water-conservation behavior and the tendency and acceptance of water resource management project to be implemented is also an important requirement in making resource management projects effective. The use of various methods of the individual, group, and collective communication to interact with farmers combined with provision of extension training, as well as mobilizing and organizing farmers to facilitate effective management of water resources are recommended.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON PERSONALIZED BANKING SERVICES - A STEP TOWARDS RURAL DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
S. S. Mallikarjuna Prasanna
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Bank Branches ◽  
Personalized Services ◽  
The Government ◽  
Rural Dwellers

Ever since the country gained independence, the Government of India has taken a plethora of measures for the development of rural areas along with the urban areas. This is perceptible from the first Five-year plan to the latest schemes announced by the Government, which distinguishably emphasize on rural development and enhancing farmers’ income & welfare. To achieve these aims, RBI gives directives to banks for development of rural areas and for opening of bank branches in these areas. Personalized services targeted for the rural residents will make them active participants in the banking sector and they will contribute towards the growth of the economy. The objective of this research paper is to understand the preference of personalized services by bank customers residing in different areas of the Mysore and Tumkur. More than half of the population in Karnataka is residing in rural areas. The results of the study reveal that the urban bank customers have more preference for personalized services as compared to their rural counterparts and there is need to motivate the rural dwellers for utilizing more personalized banking services for their own development and for the development of the economy.

scholarly journals Family medicine residents' risk of adverse motor vehicle events: comparison between rural and urban placements.

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e28-e40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Janke ◽  
Bonnie Dobbs ◽  
Rhianne McKay ◽  
Meghan Lindsell ◽  
Oksana Babenko
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family Medicine Residents

Background: Sleep deprivation and fatigue are associated with long and irregular work hours. These work patterns are common to medical residents. Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are a leading cause of injury related deaths in Canada, with MVC fatality rates in rural areas up to three times higher than in urban areas. Objectives: To: 1) examine the number of adverse motor vehicle events (AMVEs) in family medicine residents in Canada; 2) assess whether residents with rural placements are at greater risk of experiencing AMVEs than urban residents; and 3) determine if family medicine residency programs across Canada have travel policies in place. Methodology: A prospective, cross-sectional study, using a national survey of second-year family medicine residents. Results: A higher percentage of rural residents reported AMVEs than urban residents. The trend was for rural residents to be involved in more MVCs during residency, while urban residents were more likely to be involved in close calls. The majority of Canadian medical schools do not have resident travel policies in place. Conclusion: AMVEs are common in family medicine residents, with a trend for the number of MVCs to be greater for rural residents. These data support the need for development and incorporation of travel policies by medical schools.

scholarly journals ESTUDO DO IMPACTO DA CONTAMINAÇÃO POR NITROGÊNIO NUMA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA CÁRSTICA

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elenice Fritzsons ◽  
N. Rizzi ◽  
André Virmond Lima Bittencourt ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Mantovani
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Complex Situation ◽  
Hydromorphic Soils ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Impact

A região cárstica curitibana vem despertando um notável interesse em termos de exploração de água subterrânea, visando o abastecimento urbano e industrial. Entretanto, cada uso e ocupação da terra gera impacto diferenciado no ambiente, impacto este que necessita ser avaliado para fins de zoneamento e conseqüente conservação do meio. Iniciando este estudo na microbacia de Fervida, no município de Colombo, componente da bacia superior do rio Capivari, foi possível identificar, graças à grande diversidade de sistemas de ocupação do solo e uso da terra presente e sua interação com as diferentes feições pedológicas, as principais modalidades de impactos ligados aos recursos hídricos. Neste trabalho, utilizando um sistema de pesos que levaram em conta a presença de horizonte B textural, profundidade do solo e relevo, obteve-se uma série de valores que conduziram à seguinte conclusão: as zonas de maior vulnerabilidade correspondem as que compõem os solos litólicos e hidromórficos sobre calcários, enquanto as de menor vulnerabilidade seriam as Terras Brunas Roxas Estruturadas Eutróficas, que ocorrem exclusivamente sobre diabásio. Quanto ao impacto causado às águas subterrâneas que estaria ocorrendo na bacia, também definido por um sistema de pesos, observou-se que as áreas de habitação teriam um peso maior (maior dano específico ao ambiente). As situações de impacto extremo seriam nos solos litólicos e hidromórficos sobre calcário e sob habitação e, as de impacto muito baixo, seriam na Terra Bruna Roxa Estruturada Eutrófica sobre diabásio e sob terras agrícolas. STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF NITROGEN POLLUTION IN A CARSTIC HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN Abstract Since early nineties, there has been considerable interest in the exploitation of underground water supplies - for domestic and industrial use - in the Curitiba carstic region. Municipalities of the region have demonstrated considerable population growth which, accompanied by an expansion of urban areas, present some of the highest growth rates in the country. Given that this is a region that is still largely devoted to agro-forestry and livestock production activities, a new strategic dimension is added to the picture. Along the borders of the region, competition is generated between rural and urban-industrial activities, as well as mining activities linked to limestone extraction. Since all of these uses have different impacts on the quantity and quality of water resources, a complex situation requiring specialized methods of landscape analysis emerges. Such a study was initiated in the micro-basin of Fervida, municipality of Colombo, part of the upper Capivari river basin. Widely diverse systems of soil and land use were identified therein, as well as their forms of interaction with different pedologic features and the principal forms of impact on water resources. In this research, we have used a system of weights which, taking into account the presence of textural horizon B, soil depth and relief, produced a series of values leading to the following conclusion: the zones of greater vulnerability are those made of litholic and hydromorphic soils over limestone, while those of lesser vulnerabilty are the Terras Brunas Roxas that appear exclusively over diabase. In relation to the impact of developments within the basin, similarly defined by a system of weights in which inhabited areas have a greater weight (greater environmental damage), inhabited areas with litholic and hydromorphic soils over limestone manifest "extreme impact", whereas TBREE over diabase and under agricultural usage show low levels of impact.

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