scholarly journals Protected Landscapes in Spain: Reasons for Protection and Sustainability of Conservation Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6913
Author(s):  
Nicolas Marine ◽  
Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz ◽  
Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui ◽  
Manuel Rodrigo de la O Cabrera ◽  
David Escudero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Landscape Conservation ◽  
Management Effectiveness ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
Local Populations

Landscape conservation efforts in many European countries focus on cultural landscapes, which are part of the cultural identity of people, have a great heritage significance, improve the living standards of local populations and provide valuable cultural biodiversity. However, despite a wide arrange of protective measures, the management of preserved areas is seldom effective for the protection of cultural landscapes. Through a multi-approach analysis, we characterise the main heritage attributes of 17 Protected Landscapes in Spain and assess their management effectiveness by quantifying the evolution of the spatial pattern inside and outside protected landscapes. Our method has proven useful to quantitatively describe the spatial-temporal patterns of change of the protected and unprotected landscapes studied. We highlight the following results: (i) the concepts of uniqueness and naturalness are not appropriate to preserve cultural landscapes; (ii) the land protection approach currently adopted is not useful for the protection of cultural landscapes, particularly of the most rural ones; (iii) the landscapes studied with greater rural features can be considered as “paper parks”. We recommend that different protection measures focused on the needs and desires of the rural population are taken into account in order to protect cultural landscapes that are shaped by traditional rural activities.

scholarly journals Victimization, perception of insecurity, and changes in daily routines in Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Elena Ávila ◽  
Belén Martínez-Ferrer ◽  
Alejandro Vera ◽  
Alejandro Bahena ◽  
Gonzalo Musitu
Keyword(s):  
Public Security ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
The Past ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
High Crime

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationships between victimization, perception of insecurity, and changes in routines. METHODS The 8,170 subjects of both sexes (49.9% women and 50.1% men) aged between 12 and 60 years, selected from a proportional stratified sampling, participated in this study. The measuring instrument was an adaptation of the National Survey on Victimization and Perception of Public Security. Chi-square tests were performed. RESULTS The results show significant differences on victimization and sex regarding perception of insecurity, restrictions on everyday activities, and protection measures. 13.1% of those interviewed claimed to have been victims of a crime in the past 12 months. 52.7% of women considered their municipality as unsafe or very unsafe. In the case of men, this percentage was 58.2%. Female victims reported significant restrictions in everyday activities when compared to non-victims. In relation to men, the percentage of victims with a high restriction of activities was higher in male victims than non-victims. In the group of victimized women, the segment of women who opted for increased measures of protection against crime was larger than expected, while those of non-victims who took less protective measures was lower than expected. These same results were observed in the group of men. CONCLUSIONS The experience of victimization implies a greater perception of insecurity. However, the climate of insecurity is widespread in a large number of citizens. Gender differences in a high-crime environment show the importance of investigating in depth the roles of both genders in the perception of insecurity and changes in routines.

scholarly journals Determining the maximum surface temperature for non-electrical equipment aiming at explosion prevention at protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 00026
Author(s):  
Adrian Marius Jurca ◽  
Niculina Vătavu ◽  
Leonard Lupu ◽  
Mihai Popa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Maximum Surface ◽  
Maximum Surface Temperature

Non-electrical equipment has been used for over 150 years in industries with potentially explosive atmospheres and great experience has been gained with regard to the application of protective measures to reduce the risk of ignition down to an acceptable safety level. The use of non-electrical equipment in explosive atmospheres required the development of specific requirements with regard to the concept of protection against the ignition of explosive atmospheres, which to clearly define protection measures and to include the experience gained and extended over the years. The practical studies, laboratory research and methods for assessing and testing the hazard of ignition by hot surfaces presented within the paper have as main purpose the improvement of ignition hazard assessment in different operating conditions.

scholarly journals Protective measures against corporate seizure

2020 ◽  
pp. 180-184
Author(s):  
Elvina Zagitova
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Economic Sphere

Instability in the economic sphere, constantly complicated relations between economic entities operating in the modern economy, increase the level of criminogenicity of such relations. In the framework of this study, the author sets the goal to identify protective measures against corporate seizure. It is noted in the work that the most effective protective measures against corporate seizure are preventive measures that create barriers to corporate seizure. The author also analyzes operational protection measures that are applied in the conditions of an already occurred corporate seizure and are aimed at preventing the interception of control over the company. The practical significance of this study lies in the possibility of using its findings by the leadership of small and medium-sized enterprises as the basis for the development of preventive actions aimed at minimizing the risks of corporate seizure. The results of this study can also be used as a guideline in the development of operational protection measures when corporate seizure has already begun in order to minimize the harm caused.

scholarly journals Wetland Square, Market Pier: Rethinking Heritage in the New Zealand Regional Landscape

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rachel Murray
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Regional Landscape ◽  
The Town

<p>This thesis addresses the rapid environmental degradation and socioeconomic decline to which many of New Zealand's lowland regions have succumbed. In the last 150 years, it is estimated that 90% of the country’s indigenous wetlands and swamp forests have been drained and converted to farming pastures and low-density urban sprawl. This thesis critiques existing settlement patterns, investigating innovative urban forms that work dually to reactivate the wetland environments while increasing population density to levels required for public systems to function sustainably and vitally.  These objectives are explored using design-led research, investigating a site-specific scenario in Kāpiti, Wellington region. The design project identifies a squared-off suburban conservation wetland, transforming it into a new Wetland Square: a civic heart of the region’s natural and cultural heritage with reference to the town square urban type. A Market Pier extends from the urban edge of the town square towards the central lagoon. This architectural intervention connects the new urban centre with the wider agricultural activity of Kāpiti while reinstating the historic functions and cultural significance of the wetlands which indigenous Māori historically navigated by canoe in search of food and resources.   The research rethinks land conservation practice in New Zealand’s settled regional landscapes. It advocates that conservation efforts should expand beyond current land protection measures to also consider conserving the historic relationship between early settlers and natural systems. The thesis stresses architecture’s responsibility to reconcile urban and ecological systems, with emphasis on celebrating the rich social and cultural heritage associated with New Zealand’s natural heritage to ensure environmental and community resilience in the regional landscape.</p>

scholarly journals Attitudes and Intentions toward COVID-19 Vaccination among Spanish Adults: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1135
Author(s):  
Diego Gabriel Mosteiro-Miguéns ◽  
Daniel De Bernardo Roca ◽  
Eva María Domínguez-Martís ◽  
Natalia Vieito-Pérez ◽  
Pilar Álvarez-Padín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Staff ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is postulated as the most effective measure to control the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the use of other protection measures is necessary to efficiently combat the spread of the virus. The aim of the present study was to determine the attitudes and intentions toward COVID-19 vaccination among non-regular social media users in Spain and to analyze how these factors could condition the acceptance of other personal protective measures once an individual has received the COVID-19 vaccine. A cross-sectional design was used in this work. In total, 719 subjects, ≥18 years old and of both sexes, were recruited from primary public healthcare centers to self-complete a questionnaire between March and April 2021. The majority of participants had a positive attitude toward vaccination and showed high levels of intention to be vaccinated. Likewise, except those participants who considered the vaccine to be the most effective measure to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, the rest of the participants highlighted the importance of continuing to limit social interactions and/or wearing masks even after being vaccinated. Since vaccination can create a perception of total immunity against SARS-CoV-2, it is necessary that healthcare staff organize effective awareness campaigns on the importance of maintaining personal protective measures until vaccination coverage is greater.

scholarly journals The influence of growing technology on the resistance of potato varieties to dry fusarium rot

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
V. Gabenets ◽  
S. Bomok
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Conventional Methods

Goal. The study of the effectiveness technology of potato cultivation for the phytosanitary state of tubers in the conditions of the Polesie region of Ukraine. Methods. Research of production crops of the Gabenets farm. Monitoring of major fungal diseases on potato tubers. Identification of phytopathogens on potato tubers. Farming technology consisted of 9 stages and included 6 herbicide-fungicidal treatments in the growing season of potato plants. Samples were collected and phytopathological analysis of potato tubers during harvest was conducted according to conventional methods. Identification of pathogens of fungal diseases was carried out at the Institute of Plant Protection of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, according to conventional methods. Results. The performance of potato varieties in the application of a set of protection measures in FG “Gabenets” was evaluated. It was analyzed that the yields of varieties on the production crops of the farm were quite high and ranged from 50.25 to 58.10 t / ha, and the yield from one bush — from 1.014 kg to 1.163 kg. The highest yield was on production crops of the Pirol variety and amounted to 58.10 t / ha, compared to the control — 47.30 t / ha. Phytopathological analysis of potato chips varieties was carried out, which resulted in the detection of dry fusarium potato rot in control variants of Opal, Karlenа, Fantasia and Kibitz. No crop disease was detected in production crops where a system of protective measures was applied. Pirol cultivar has proven to be resistant to fungal pathogens. Conclusions. Protective measures during the vegetation of potato plants prevented the mass development of fungal diseases on potato tubers, which in turn will have a positive effect on the stickiness of the tubers and preserve their marketability.

scholarly journals Preventive and protective measures reducing influenza transmission in general practice: a systematic review

BJGP Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. bjgpopen19X101657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Suter ◽  
Tessa Kermode ◽  
Carole Clair ◽  
Yolanda Mueller ◽  
Nicolas Senn
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Influenza Transmission ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundSeasonal influenza and influenza-like illnesses are widespread, with an impact on GP consultations. GPs apply many preventive and protective measures to prevent seasonal influenza transmission, with no clear evidence of their effectiveness in this setting.AimTo review the effectiveness of preventive and protective measures to reduce the transmission of seasonal influenza and influenza-like illnesses in GP practices.Design & settingA systematic review was conducted of the literature in Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register databases published between January 1960 and April 2014, later extended to January 2018.MethodPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria were used. Controlled trials and experimental studies were included. Study quality was assessed according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool.ResultsOut of 5727 articles screened, only two studies were finally retained: one study about the seasonal influenza vaccination of GPs to prevent transmission from patients or staff, and one about surface disinfection. The first study was a controlled trial, which showed limited evidence for seasonal influenza infection reduction among GPs through vaccination. The second, an experimental study, performed a virus screening on toys in the waiting area before and after disinfection. No study on protection measures was found that assessed the impact on influenza transmission in general practices.ConclusionThe evidence is scarce on interventions that reduce influenza transmission in GP practices.

scholarly journals THE FEASIBILITY OF CREATING AND EFFICIENCY OF NEW FAUNAL AREAS IN THE NORTH KAZAKHSTAN REGION

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.С. Вилков ◽  
С.В. Пашков
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Landscape Conservation ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
The North ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Motley Grass ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Total Dependence

В статье анализируется эффективность создания Аксуатского и Акжанского зоологических за- казников в северной (разнотравно-злаковой) степи Се- веро-Казахстанской области, сочетающих степные и водные биотопы, которые были призваны, на перспективу, если не восстановить, то хотя бы стабилизировать состояние животного мира рассматриваемых ООПТ. Од- нако динамика численности животных и птиц за 2013–2017 гг. свидетельствует об их колеблемости и практи- чески полной зависимости от природно-климатических факторов, даже в состоянии «консервации» ландшаф- тов в режиме заповедования. На основе вышеизложенного сделано предположение, что природоохранные меры в новых заказниках носят преимущественно паллиативный характер и не сыграли сколь-нибудь значительной роли в стабилизации созологической репрезентативности видов животных рассматриваемых ООПТ, кроме по- пуляции сурка-байбака. The article analyzes the effi ciency of Aksuatsky and Akzhansky faunal areas creation in the northern (motley-grass) steppe of the North Kazakhstan region, combining steppe and water biotopes which were intended if not to restore then at least to stabilize the condition of fauna in the considered Special Protected Natural Areas. However, change in the number of animals and birds during the period of 2013–2017 testifi es the unsteadiness and almost total dependence on natural climatic factors, even being in a state of landscape “conservation” in the reserved mode. Based on the above it has been assumed that the environmental protection measures in the new faunal areas are predominantly palliative, but they have not made any signifi cant contribution to the stabilization of sozological representativity of animals, except of groundhog-baybak, that are being considered by the Special Protected National Areas.

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