scholarly journals Insecurity, Resource Scarcity, and Migration to Camps of Internally Displaced Persons in Northeast Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6830
Author(s):  
Frederic Noel Kamta ◽  
Janpeter Schilling ◽  
Jürgen Scheffran
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Land Desertification ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Northeast Nigeria

For almost two decades, the Lake Chad Basin (LCB) in general and northeast Nigeria in particular have been subject to the insurgency of the Islamist terrorist group Boko Haram. This region is also known for its poor environmental conditions that mostly manifest in land desertification and water scarcity. We analyze the impact of the insecurity and conflict on migration from the most affected rural areas of northeast Nigeria to Maiduguri. We also explore the role that water scarcity and land desertification play in the decision of local people to migrate. Data were collected by interviewing 204 internally displaced persons (IDPs) at the Bakassi IDP camp in Maiduguri between March and May 2019. Experts were also interviewed at various governmental, non-governmental, and international institutions in Abuja. Respondents at the Bakassi IDP camp came from Guzamala, Gwoza, Marte, Monguno, and Nganzai. Though insecurity created by the conflict between Boko Haram insurgents and government forces was mentioned by all respondents as the main factor that triggered migration, this study shows that the decision to migrate was also a function of other factors that differ between communities. These factors include the geographical location of the community, land ownership, the socioeconomic status of the migrants, access to water and land, and wealth. This study reveals that in some communities, it was possible for people to live with conflict if they were still able to practice farming or if they had additional sources of income such as small businesses. The decision to migrate was only taken when the practice of such activities was no longer possible and they had nothing to hold on to.

scholarly journals Forced Displacement and the Plight of Internally Displaced Persons in Northeast Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. p46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasa'i Muhammad Gwadabe ◽  
Mohd Afandi Salleh ◽  
Abdullahi Ayoade Ahmad ◽  
Sobia Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Involuntary Movement ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Internal Displacement ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Forced Displacement ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Northeast Nigeria

Since the end of the Cold War, the phenomenon of forced displacement gained more global attention. Forced displacement involves the involuntary movement of people from their habitual place of residence to a location within their country of nationality; or across an internationally recognised border. This situation in most cases exposes the displaced people to some vulnerabilities. Among other classes of displaced people, the most notable groups of concern are refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs). In contemporary time, conflict is identified to be the primary cause of forced displacement. Since 2009, the Boko Haram insurgency and the counter-insurgency by the Nigerian security forces turned northeast Nigeria into a conflict zone. The crisis has forced more than 2 million people to flee for safety within Nigeria as internally displaced persons (IDPs); while many crossed the border into countries neighbouring Nigeria from the Lake Chad region as refugees. This paper explored and discussed the suffering of the people internally displaced by Boko Haram conflict from the framework of forced displacement. It is found that, the IDPs in Nigeria suffered from multifaceted problems, ranging from the issues of inadequate life-saving assistance, protection related crisis, and the unclear prospect of achieving durable solutions. Moreover, the lack of a clear national policy, institutional, and legal frameworks in addressing internal displacement in Nigeria is found to be the prime cause of the intensification of the plight of IDPs. Thus, it is recommended that, there should be a legally backed national policy on IDPs, which should include punitive measures for corrupt humanitarian officers. Also, provision should be made for effective coordination among national humanitarian agencies. Lastly, a clear rule of engagement between the Government and the international humanitarian agencies should be clearly defined. 

Bridging the Accountability Gap in the Protection of Internally Displaced Persons: Non-State Actors Under the Kampala Convention

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Romola Adeola
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Internal Displacement ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
African Union ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Regional Landscape ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Accountability Gap ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Contemporary forms of internal displacement in Africa significantly reflect the emerging footprints of non-state actors on the regional landscape of internal displacement. In recognition of the impact of these actors in the internal displacement context, the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention) specifically obligate states to regulate them in the prevention of arbitrary displacement. This is the central thrust of this article. This article examines the Kampala Convention from the perspective of non-state actors, considering the obligation of the state and the extent to which these actors may be held accountable, in the furtherance of protection and assistance of internally displaced persons (IDP s).

scholarly journals An Ethical investigation of State and the Management of Internally Displaced Persons: Nigeria as a case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeanyichukwu M. Abada ◽  
Nneka Ifeoma Okafor ◽  
Nkemjika C. Duru
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
The State ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Population Displacement ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Rising Incidence

The decision among human beings to change their places of residence has remained an age-long strategy of survival practiced for a very long time. However, the migratory activities associated with internal population displacement are often propelled by forced migration occasioned by natural or anthropogenic forces or a combination of both. The upsurge of internal population displacement in the Nigerian state is incontrovertible given the maniacal campaign of the Boko Haram insurgency in the North-east region. The dilemma of internally displaced persons and the imperative management have proven a formidable challenge to the Nigerian state. The aim of this paper therefore is to ethically investigate whether the ineffective control of the Boko Haram insurgency by the state is implicated in the rising incidence of internally displaced persons and evident vulnerabilities. The study adopted qualitative research which relied heavily on the documentary method of data collection and, guided by the ‘Marxist theory of the post-colonial state’ as a theoretical underpinning. The findings of this paper showed that the ineffective control of Boko Haram insurgency by the state was implicated in the rising incidence of internal population displacement in the North-east. The paper critically observed that the state and its agencies like the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), State Emergency Management Agencies (SEMAs), National Commission for Refugees, Migration and Internally Displaced Persons (NCFRMI), Presidential Initiative for the North East (PINE), Presidential Committee on the North-East Initiative (PCNI), among others have become the main instruments for the advancement of the interests of the dominant class. The study however recommends amongst other things that the state should ethically rethink its narrow strategy against Boko Haram insurgency through the adoption of a broader approach according to the dictates of Nigeria’s Countering Violent Extremism framework.

Islamic Leadership Model and the Burden of Terrorism and Leadership in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Olatunde Uthman
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Child Soldiers ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Leadership Model ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Nigerian Government ◽  
Islamic Leadership ◽  
Northeast Nigeria

Despite the efforts of the Nigerian government at tackling the problems of terrorism and corruption, the terrorist activities of the Boko Ḥarām added to those of herdsmen, cattle rustlers, farmers, cultists, and militias who kill, vandalize, rob, rape, and kidnap with impunity all over the country have virtually destroyed the country, especially Northeast Nigeria. Its tourism industry has virtually gone into extinction in addition to the challenges of human, arms, and drugs trafficking; money laundering; child soldiers; and internally displaced persons in the region. All these take place while the country is also confronting the challenges of corruption. In what ways has Muhammadu Buhari administration tried to free Nigeria from terrorism and corruption? How are the challenges of terrorism and corruption tied to the development of the country? What role can Islamic leadership model play in bringing an end to these multifarious challenges ravaging the country? These are some of the questions that this papers answers using the leadership model of the Sharī‘ah.

Boko Haram tenacity exposes West African gaps

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electoral Politics ◽  
West African ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Internally Displaced

Significance Boko Haram violence affects thousands of people in Nigeria and neighbouring countries. The group appeared to be close to defeat in 2015, but violence has increased in recent months amid a factional split that increases rather than reduces the threat. Impacts The Boko Haram crisis will not fundamentally affect Nigeria's electoral politics in the lead-up to the 2019 poll. The regional humanitarian crisis will likely worsen further, with internally displaced persons (IDP) camps frequent targets of attack. Growing violence is nonetheless unlikely to disrupt life in Nigeria’s political and economic centres, such as Abuja and Lagos.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF FORCED MIGRATION ON THE ECONOMY OF UKRAINE

Management ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Valeriia G. Shcherbak
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
The State ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Significant geopolitical transformations, the annexation of the Crimea, and the conflict in the Donbass affect the functioning of the Ukrainian economy. These processes provoked a profound and only political but also socio-economic crisis, intensification of labor migration, massive forced displacement of the population: the emergence of the category of forced migrants – internally displaced persons (IDP). IDPs are citizens of a country that does not cross borders and migrate within their own country for compelled reasons (similar to the case with refugees). In Ukraine, they are called forced migrants.The hypothesis of scientific research is to find out how the emergence of regional migration asymmetry, in particular the emergence of a significant number of IDP, affects the asymmetry of migration processes in Ukraine, the economy and welfare of the population, and the level of socio-economic development of the country.The aim is to diagnose the existing processes of domestic forced migration processes in Ukraine, including the asymmetry of migratory flows, the impact of the movement of internally displaced persons on the level of development of regional economies.The research methodology is fundamental and applied research in the field of forced internal migration, the demographic situation and the state of the labor market, UN materials, the ILO, UNESCO, the bodies of the state statistics service, materials from other official sources and Internet resources. During the study, methods of systematization, theoretical generalization, scientific classification, comparative analysis, statistical methods were used.Results: the main factors determining the conditions and nature of forced internal migration in Ukraine in 2014–2017 were determined. The main directions of forced internal migration since the beginning of hostilities in the Donbass were determined. The emergence of regional asymmetry of migration processes at the level of aggregate migratory flows is investigated.Conclusions: it is proved that all regions of Ukraine have a significant right-side asymmetry of balance in the direction of arrivals in the region, which manifests itself in the concentration of refugees in the presence of a relatively small number of most mass flows. HPE is perceived in their places of residence as an additional resource for the development of a regional economy: the emergence of new opportunities for increasing social activity by refugees; the opening of new businesses; a strong motivation to succeed; intensification of production and provision of services; filling jobs that were not in demand by the local population.

scholarly journals Faith-Based Interventions in the Reintegration of Migrated Displaced Persons into the Society

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adebayo ola Afolaranmi
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Baptist Churches ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Faith Based Organizations

There is a unique set of forcefully displaced persons from Boko Haram insurgency affected areas in north-eastern Nigeria that migrated back to their ancestral homes in Ogbomoso in the south-western Nigeria. These people are referred to in this research as migrated displaced persons (MDPs) because they are not in any IDP centre or camp, but live among their ancestral relatives. This research investigates the extent Baptist churches in Ogbomoso are responding to re-integrate these migrated displaced persons in Ogbomoso into the society. Semi-structured interviews are conducted among fifteen randomly selected pastors of Baptist churches in Ogbomoso metropolis and three other stakeholders. Some available documents are also used in analysing the collected data. Findings from this study reveal that the churches are responding to some extent to transforming the lives of the migrated displaced Boko Haram victims in the area. Therefore, it is recommended that churches and other faith-based organizations should intensify their efforts in responding to transforming the lives of displaced Boko Haram victims in the area, and they should start having documented records for these efforts.   Key Words: faith-based organizations, internally displaced persons, migrated displaced persons, Nigeria, Nigerian Baptist Convention, Ogbomoso land

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