scholarly journals Citizens’ Involvement in E-Government in the European Union: The Rising Importance of the Digital Skills

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6807
Author(s):  
Luisa Fernanda Rodriguez-Hevía ◽  
Julio Navío-Marco ◽  
Luis Manuel Ruiz-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Level ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Digital Skills ◽  
The Eu

This paper studies what factors influence European citizens in their e-government adoption and use, and whether there are differences within the European Union. A binary logistic regression model has been used to determine the profile of e-government users. The article highlights especially the influence of digital skills, as an increasingly influential factor, and opens up new areas of research such as the uses of e-government depending on the population density or sociodemographic factors. Given a certain lack of e-government studies at a pan-European level, this article provides an empirical comparative analysis in the EU and provides insights into the factors influencing the behaviour of European e-citizens.

Independence: In or Out of Europe? An Independent Scotland and the European Union

2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Happold
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Level ◽  
Question Mark ◽  
National Governments ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

There is a question mark over the future of the nation-state in Europe. National monetary policy has been transferred to the European level in most European Union member States. Over the next ten years the EU will have a stronger role in defence and foreign policy, immigration and law enforcement. The very policies that supposedly define the concept of national sovereignty are no longer the exclusive domain of national governments.

scholarly journals A historical and judicial approach on the transformation of the European Communities, the predecessors of the European Union, into an institutional model across the region

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Mihail Poalelungi ◽  
◽  
Mihai Poalelungi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Level ◽  
Broad Area ◽  
Institutional Governance ◽  
Institutional Model ◽  
The Eu

The process of European integration has never followed a clear path and the current EU predecessors had never been by far the only efforts of the regional integration in Europe. Created in the 1950s, the European Communities as today’s EU predecessors, have overdue emerged in a very broad area populated by international organizations and various cooperation institutions. This organization, only by matching economic and political challenges, succeeded in becoming the most important cooperation forum between European states. Although in the early 1950s the Western European states could often choose between various forms of regional cooperation, today the EU is frequently seen as the only available at the European level option and the only model of institutional governance.

Anti-Bribery Measures in the European Union: A Comparison with the Italian Legal Order

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ferola
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Level ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Judicial Cooperation ◽  
The Eu

The necessity to counteract corruption effectively has lead to an increased integration in judicial cooperation. This paper analyses the legal instruments adopted by the EU for fighting bribery in order to explore in detail existing interrelationships (i.e. differences and peculiarities) between European and Italian rules. The latter is of singular relevance particularly since 1992, when a widespread system of corruption had been discovered and a broad campaign to prevent corruption (“mani pulite“) had been undertaken which resulted in an important work of reform and brought existing rules up to date. Finally, Italy also played an active role at the European level: the 1997 Anti-Corruption Convention was adopted on the basis of an Italian proposal.

PROSPECTS OF ITALEXIT IN THE CONTEXT OF RISKS OF STRENGTHENING DISINTEGRATION PROCESSES IN EUROPE

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Level ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Eu

The risks of Italy's withdrawal from the European Union (Italexit) are analyzed. Italy has one of the most powerful economies in the European Union and a great political influence on the processes in the EU. Therefore, the possible exit of this country from the Union could have catastrophic economic and political consequences for the future of European integration. The probability of the threat of the so-called Italexit, which has been discussed by the Italian politicians for a long time, is researched. In addition, the ways and possibilities of avoiding the threat of Italexit, as well as strengthening European solidarity despite the development of disintegration processes in Europe in general and in Italy in particular, are discovered. The probability of Italexit is defined as low, but some negative trends that may increase the risks of Italy's exit from the EU in the future are outlined. The growing sentiments of euroscepticism in Italy and their impact on the country's foreign policy and on relations between Italy and the EU's central institutions in Brussels are observed. The most influential parties of Eurosceptics and right-wing populists and their activities in the Italian parliament and government are considered. The prospects for further activities of Eurosceptic parties and their potential impact on the policy of Italy and the EU are forecasted. It is proved that Italian Eurosceptics are potentially the most dangerous in Europe because of their popularity not only at the national but also at the European level, their ability to unite right-wing radical parties from other European countries, their ambitions to occupy key positions in the European Commission and their active ties with Russia. The possible ways to avoid the most catastrophic scenarios of Italy's exit from the EU are analyzed.

scholarly journals Whom do European corporations lobby? The domestic institutional determinants of interest group activity in the European Union

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean D. Ehrlich ◽  
Eryn Jones
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Level ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Institutional Determinants ◽  
Level Increase ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Domestic Level ◽  
The Eu

The complicated and multi-layered policymaking process in the European Union presents private interests, such as business firms, with an interesting strategic choice of whom and how to lobby. As the costs of lobbying at the domestic level increase, firms are expected to, instead, devote their resources to lobbying at the European level. Specifically, this article examines how domestic access points and domestic partisanship affect the costs and benefits of lobbying at the domestic versus European level. Using data on firm-level decisions to lobby the EU, this research finds that in countries where is it more costly (or less beneficial) to lobby domestically, firms are more likely to lobby at the EU level.

Providing for European-Level Diplomacy after Lisbon: The Case of the European External Action Service

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Duke
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
External Action ◽  
Lisbon Treaty ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Level ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Member States ◽  
External Relations ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe Lisbon Treaty may well be on ice, may perhaps even be moribund, but there remain compelling reasons to think through the identified shortcomings of the European Union in external relations. Many of the innovations in the area of external relations that are contained in the treaty are dependent upon ratification by the EU's member states, but some are not; the European External Action Service (EEAS) falls into the latter category. Although the actual implementation of the EEAS will face formidable hurdles, as has been outlined in this contribution, the exercise of thinking through these challenges is essential if the EU and its members are to begin grappling with many of the issues examined in this special issue — ranging from the role of national diplomats in today's world to the successful pursuit of structural diplomacy and the effectiveness of the EU in multilateral organizations.

scholarly journals Digital Competitiveness of European Union Member States from the Perspective of Human Capital

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Victoria Folea
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Digital Inclusion ◽  
Member States ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Digital Skills ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The concepts of "digital skills" and "digital competences" are key terms in the discussion related to the type of skills people need nowadays not only in terms of digital inclusion in the society but also in terms of employability. According to the latest definition by the European Union, digital skills “can be broadly understood as the ability to locate, organise, understand, evaluate, create and share information using digital technology, at different levels of competence” (European Commission, 2017). The rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICT) bring major transformations with respect to the individual’s integration in society and employability. The paper analyses the 28 member states of the European Union (EU) from the perspective of the pesons’ digital skills and employability in the science, technology (including the ICT) sectors over the period 2015 - 2017. The paper covers the following areas of research: (1) Overall digital skills, computer skills, internet skills of individuals in the EU 28; (2) Human capital with advanced and specialist digital skills in ICT in the EU 28; (3) Evolution of the digital competitiveness of the EU 28 member states from the perspective of human capital over the period 2015-2017. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were employed for data collection and analysis: database research and analysis; statistical analysis; content and thematic research and analysis from policy papers and reports.

scholarly journals Non-Tariff Barriers and Factors that influence The Indonesian Cocoa Export to Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Raditya Anggoro ◽  
Widyastutik Widyastutik
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Gravity Models ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Economic Distance ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this study are: first, to analyse the competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa in the European Unio market; second, to analyse the competitiveness and the factors that influence the Indonesian cocoa exports to the EU market; third, to calculate the non-tariff barriers imposed by the European Union market for Indonesian cocoa. Methods used are the RCA index and gravity models. The differences between actual and potential trade flows are indicated as non-tariff barriers. Results of the calculation RCA is showed that all destinations of a cocoa export have a high competitiveness (RCA> 1) but tend to decrease. Results of the estimate gravity models show the factors influencing the Indonesian cocoa exports are the real per capita GDP of Indonesia and the destination country, CPI of destination countries, the economic distance, exchange rates, and tariff. The result of non-tariff barriers indicated that the Netherlands is the state which has the largest non-tariff barriers among the most other EU countriesDOI:  10.15408/sjie.v5i1.3131 

scholarly journals Digital Competitiveness of European Union Member States from the Perspective of Human Capital

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Victoria Folea
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Digital Inclusion ◽  
Member States ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Digital Skills ◽  
The Eu

The concepts of "digital skills" and "digital competences" are key terms in the discussion related to the type of skills people need nowadays not only in terms of digital inclusion in the society but also in terms of employability. According to the latest definition by the European Union, digital skills “can be broadly understood as the ability to locate, organise, understand, evaluate, create and share information using digital technology, at different levels of competence” CITATION Eur171 \l 1033 (European Commission, 2017). The rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICT) bring major transformations with respect to the individual’s integration in society and employability. The paper analyses the 28 member states of the European Union (EU) from the perspective of the pesons’ digital skills and employability in the science, technology (including the ICT) sectors over the period 2015 - 2017. The paper covers the following areas of research: (1) Overall digital skills, computer skills, internet skills of individuals in the EU 28; (2) Human capital with advanced and specialist digital skills in ICTin the EU 28; (3) Evolution of the digital competitiveness of the EU 28 member states from the perspective of human capital over the period 2015-2017. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were employed for data collection and analysis: database research and analysis; statistical analysis; content and thematic research and analysis from policy papers and reports.

Kryzys legitymizacji Unii Europejskiej z perspektywy konstruktywistycznej

2015 ◽  
pp. 10-25
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kownacki
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political System ◽  
Constructivist Theory ◽  
European Identity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Level ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Common Space ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Eu

The article is an attempt to analyse the legitimacy of the European Union, taken from the perspective of moderate constructivist theory. First, the author presents the constructivist assumptions about the legitimacy of the European Union. Then he emphasises the importance of discourse for the development of the EU and describes categories occurring in the multi-level political system. It is argued that strengthening of the discourses (their scope and communicated content) at European level in addition to the national discourses would promote the process of enhancing the legitimacy of the European Union. These discourses are relevant for the development of European identity that allows citizens to recognise the European political system as “their”, which will be – according to the author – the result of the processes concentrated on political activities, institutions and legal system embracing pluralism of opinions, attitudes and behaviors. The result would be “a common space of existence for the European citizens”.

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