scholarly journals A Game-Based Approach to Exploring Gender Differences in Smallholder Decisions to Change Farming Practices: White Rice Production in Laos

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6594
Author(s):  
Silva Larson ◽  
Anne (Giger)-Dray ◽  
Tina Cornioley ◽  
Manithaythip Thephavanh ◽  
Phomma Thammavong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Agricultural Transition ◽  
Glutinous Rice ◽  
Game Situation ◽  
Decision Making Processes

What influences farmers’ decisions to adopt agricultural technologies is an important question for international agricultural research projects. There are often interpersonal differences between women and men that influence the adoption of decisions and behaviours, but few studies in the literature focus on these factors. We describe a game-based approach to explore decision-making processes underpinning the adoption of new farming technologies and practices in Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Sowing a different rice variety is the tailored technology. The game explored adoption behaviours influencing decisions on transitioning from growing glutinous rice, a traditional variety preferred for consumption, to “white” rice for commercial export to international markets. We conducted separate game-workshops with 36 women and 36 men in 4 villages of southern Laos that were transitioning from subsistence to commercial smallholder production. The gaming exposed various possible behaviours and decisions that women and men considered. Access to resources, both assets and information, was equal for all players, yet women were found to adopt new rice varieties more readily than men and to engage in cooperative behaviours in the game situation. The study highlighted the need for further gender-sensitive research into cooperation among women in the agricultural context—an understanding beneficial for countries and regions undergoing agricultural transition.

scholarly journals The Resistance of Local Pigmented Rice Varieties against Bacterial Leaf Blight

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Tri Joko ◽  
Kristamtini Kristamtini ◽  
Sumarno Sumarno ◽  
Rofiq Andriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Rice Variety ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Progress Curve

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is an important disease in rice plants worldwide, including in Indonesia. The use of resistant variety against BLB is the best effort in disease control because it is considered as the most effective and environmentally friendly. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of local varieties, red rice (cv. Sembada Merah) and black rice (cv. Sembada Hitam), against Xoo compared to white rice variety (Ciherang), commonly cultivated by the farmers. The study was conducted in a greenhouse and arranged in Factorial of Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 replications and 2 treatment factors: variety (Sembada Hitam, Sembada Merah, and Ciherang) and inoculation (with and without inoculated by Xoo bacterial suspension). Xoo inoculation was performed by clipping the leaves that close to the reproductive phase when the heading begins to be produced. The disease intensity and Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) over two weeks were used to determine the level of resistance of the tested plant varieties. The results showed that black rice and red rice had better levels of resistance against BLB compared to white rice. At two weeks after inoculation, Sembada Hitam had the lowest AUDPC value followed by Sembada Merah, while the Ciherang had the highest AUDPC value and was categorized as a susceptible variety to Xoo.

scholarly journals The effect of various rice varieties to antimicrobial activity of red mould rice by Monascus purpureus

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
FITRI SULISTYORINI ◽  
M.A.M. ANDRIANI ◽  
ROHULA UTAMI
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Monascus Purpureus ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
White Rice

Sulistyorini F, Andriani M, Utami R. 2008. The effect of various rice varieties to antimicrobial activity of red mould rice by Monascus purpureus. Biofarmasi 9: 50-54. This research had been done at Food and Nutrient Laboratory and Manipulated of Process Laboratory, Agriculture Product Technology Department, Agriculture Faculty, Sebelas Maret University in Surakarta, started from May until September 2008. The aim of this research was to determine the antimicrobial activity of red mould rice from white rice, red rice and black rice. This research used a factorial experiment that arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial with two experimental factors. The first factor was three levels of rice variety, i.e. white rice (B1), red rice (B2) and black rice (B3). The second factor was fourth levels of extract concentrations, i.e. 2.5% (K1), 5.0% (K2), 7.5% (K3) and 10% (K4). The observation variables included colonies total of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, with a plate count method. The result of this research showed that the interaction of rice variety of red mould rice and the extract concentration effected to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and not effected to Escherichia coli. The extract of red mould rice from black rice with 10% concentration extract, had the highest antimicrobial activity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The conclusion of this research was red mould rice had an antimicrobial activity. Red mould rice from black rice had an antimicrobial activity higher than red mould rice from red rice and red mould rice from white rice.

scholarly journals Effects of no-till and rice varieties on nitrogen and phosphorus balance in rice fields

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Yang ◽  
XINQIANG LIANG ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
Yanfeng Chen ◽  
Guangming Tian
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
No Till ◽  
Glutinous Rice

Abstract Background: Nutrient balance in rice paddy fields can change under different tillage management practices; however, the extent of the change may differ for various rice varieties. A field experiment was conducted over 2 successive years from June 2016 to June 2018 to clarify the effects of different tillage methods and rice varieties on nutrients remaining in the surface soil and those taken up by the rice. There were four tillage/rice variety treatments: no-till/japonica rice (NTJ), no-till/glutinous rice (NTG), conventional tillage/japonica rice (CTJ), and conventional tillage/glutinous rice (CTG) with three replicates of each.Results: The tillage method and rice variety had interactive effects on the surface balance of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). After the 2-year experiment, total N and P pools in the 20 cm surface soil layer were highest under the NTJ treatment (4757.0 kg N ha-1, 2428.5 kg P ha-1) and lowest under the CTG treatments (4726.3 kg N ha-1, 2412.0 kg P ha-1). Under no-till conditions, japonica rice had higher grain yield but lower straw biomass than that of glutinous rice. NTG treatment significantly increased the N and P content in rice grains and straw. The environmental losses of N and P in the rice fields mainly occurred during the rice season. Based on nutrient balance estimation, N losses in the NTJ, NTG, and CTJ treatments were reduced by 15.03 kg N ha-1, 11.55 kg N ha-1, 6.72 kg N ha-1, respectively, as compared with that of the CTG treatment. The corresponding P losses were reduced by 8.02 kg P ha-1, 7.84 kg P ha-1, and 3.96 kg P ha-1. In terms of economic benefits, NTJ also resulted in the highest actual income (18896.5 yuan ha-1) and the highest ratio of production to investment (6.40).Conclusion: No-till was more likely to maintain soil N and P nutrients than conventional tillage, and this advantage was most significant when planting japonica rice. In addition, no-till was conducive to N and P uptake by rice, but only japonica rice exhibited increased grain yield. Consequently, the NTJ treatment was recommended.

scholarly journals Estimated effects of white rice consumption and rice variety selection on incidence of type 2 diabetes in Cambodia

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 2592-2599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seila Sar ◽  
Geoffrey C Marks
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Rice Consumption ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveRice consumption patterns are considered an important risk factor for diabetes in many countries. The present study aimed to model the impact of a shift in consumption of white rice from current to appropriately reduced levels and a shift in rice variety from one with a high glycaemic index to one with a low glycaemic index, on the burden of type 2 diabetes in Cambodia.DesignPrevent Plus software was used to model the impact of selected changes to white rice consumption on the burden of type 2 diabetes. Data used for modelling included: demographic projections, relative risk estimates for white rice consumption and diabetes, diabetes incidence, rice type and quantities consumed. The 10-year projections were based on different scenarios of changes in risk factors.ResultsWith no intervention, 10-year projections showed that total new diabetes cases will increase from 11 315 (9·1 per 10 000 person-years) for the year 2011 to 14 852 new cases (12·4 per 10 000 person-years) in 2020. However, this increase will be reduced by 27 % (average across 10 years) with a change in rice variety from Phka Rumdual to IR66 and by 26 % (average across 10 years) with a 25 % reduction in quantity from current consumption levels.ConclusionsChanging rice consumption patterns has potential for an important impact on diabetes risk, with a change of rice variety having a similar impact on the burden of diabetes in communities consuming rice with a high glycaemic index as a 25 % reduction in the quantity of rice consumed. Similar effects are likely for other countries with rice as a staple food, diversity in rice varieties and high incidence of diabetes.

scholarly journals Impact of Improved Rice Variety on Productivity Among Smallholder Farmers in Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Edward Tsinigo ◽  
Kwasi Ohene-Yankyerah ◽  
Simon Cudjoe Fialor
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Neutral Type ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Rice Productivity ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Advancement in agricultural technologies is seen to result in the shift in production functions. The study was conducted to establish the impact of the improved rice variety on productivity in the Ejura-Sekyedumase and Atebubu-Amantin Municipalities of Ghana. The study was based on the survey of 208 rice farmers using a three-stage stratified sampling method. The study used a structured questionnaire to collect input-output data from the rice farmers. Data were analysed using the Cobb-Douglas production function. The study found that the technical change associated with the introduction of the improved rice variety was of the non-neutral type. Further, the adoption of the improved rice variety has increased rice productivity by about 46% for the adopters. The main determinants of productivity for the adopters were seed, land, fertiliser, herbicide, and education. Productivity among the non-adopters was positively influenced by seed, land, herbicide, and fertiliser. The study concluded that the improved rice variety has superior yield advantage. The study recommends for the simultaneous promotion of improved rice varieties and their recommended inputs to increase rice productivity.

Glycaemic responses to glucose and rice in people of Chinese and European ethnicity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kataoka ◽  
BJ Venn ◽  
SM Williams ◽  
Lisa Te Morenga ◽  
IM Heemels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Glycaemic Response ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Postprandial Glycaemia ◽  
Adjusted Risk Ratio ◽  
Glucose Curve

Aims: Diabetes rates are especially high in China. Risk of Type 2 diabetes increases with high intakes of white rice, a staple food of Chinese people. Ethnic differences in postprandial glycaemia have been reported. We compared glycaemic responses to glucose and five rice varieties in people of European and Chinese ethnicity and examined possible determinants of ethnic differences in postprandial glycaemia. Methods: Self-identified Chinese (n = 32) and European (n = 31) healthy volunteers attended on eight occasions for studies following ingestion of glucose and jasmine, basmati, brown, Doongara® and parboiled rice. In addition to measuring glycaemic response, we investigated physical activity levels, extent of chewing of rice and salivary α-amylase activity to determine whether these measures explained any differences in postprandial glycaemia. Results: Glycaemic response, measured by incremental area under the glucose curve, was over 60% greater for the five rice varieties (P < 0.001) and 39% greater for glucose (P < 0.004) amongst Chinese compared with Europeans. The calculated glycaemic index was approximately 20% greater for rice varieties other than basmati (P = 0.01 to 0.05). Ethnicity [adjusted risk ratio 1.4 (1.2-1.8) P < 0.001] and rice variety were the only important determinants of incremental area under the glucose curve. Conclusions: Glycaemic responses following ingestion of glucose and several rice varieties are appreciably greater in Chinese compared with Europeans, suggesting the need to review recommendations regarding dietary carbohydrate amongst rice-eating populations at high risk of diabetes. © 2012 Diabetes UK.

scholarly journals Effects of introduction of combine harvester and flatbed dryer on milling quality of three glutinous rice varieties in Lao PDR

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khamtay Vongxayya ◽  
Darunee Jothityangkoon ◽  
Danuphol Ketthaisong ◽  
Jaquie Mitchell ◽  
Phetmanyseng Xangsayyasane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Milling Quality ◽  
Glutinous Rice ◽  
Combine Harvester

Private Agricultural R&D: Do the Poor Benefit?

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jock R. Anderson ◽  
Regina Birner ◽  
Latha Najarajan ◽  
Anwar Naseem ◽  
Carl E. Pray
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Private agricultural research and development can foster the growth of agricultural productivity in the diverse farming systems of the developing world comparable to the public sector. We examine the extent to which technologies developed by private entities reach smallholder and resource-poor farmers, and the impact they have on poverty reduction. We critically review cases of successfully deployed improved agricultural technologies delivered by the private sector in both large and small developing countries for instructive lessons for policy makers around the world.

scholarly journals Tailoring rice varieties to consumer preferences induced by cultural and colonial heritage: Lessons from New Rice for Africa (NERICA) in The Gambia

2021 ◽  
pp. 003072702110197
Author(s):  
Kofi Britwum ◽  
Matty Demont
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Auction Market ◽  
Asian Rice ◽  
Market Competitiveness ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Locally Grown

Rice breeding priorities in Africa often focus on agronomic gains. However, being a net importer of rice, the continent’s varietal replacement success also crucially hinges on new varieties’ market competitiveness vis-à-vis imports. Markets have been profoundly shaped by cultural and colonial heritage. Indigenous preferences for African rice can be traced back to ancient rice domestication and have been subsequently influenced by Asian rice import standards as a result of colonial import substitution policies. New Rice for Africa (NERICA) crosses between African and Asian rice species have the potential to reconcile these dual indigenous/import preferences, but little is known about their market competitiveness. We use auction market data to assess the intrinsic and extrinsic consumer value of NERICA in The Gambia relative to two market standards: branded, Asian rice imports and the most popular locally grown Asian rice variety. We categorize rice consumers into four market segments, based on their heritage as evidenced by their preferences and genealogical lineages. NERICA outperforms both Asian rice standards in terms of market competitiveness, and its value is further reinforced by colonial heritage and labeling, but somewhat weakened by cultural heritage. Consumers were found to pay price premiums for NERICA in the range of 5% to 22% relative to Asian rice imports, with the highest premiums offered by consumers with colonial heritage, representing 86% of the sample. Maintaining and expanding this market will require breeders to incorporate trait mixes that reconcile agronomic gains and consumer preferences induced by cultural and colonial heritage.

scholarly journals Comparison of Morphological and Physicochemical Properties of a Floury Rice Variety upon Pre-Harvest Sprouting

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 746
Author(s):  
Chae-Min Han ◽  
Jong-Hee Shin ◽  
Jung-Bae Kwon ◽  
Jong-Soo Kim ◽  
Jong-Gun Won ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Starch Structure ◽  
Gelatinization Properties

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) severely reduces rice grain yield, significantly affects grain quality, and leads to substantial economic loss. In this study, we aimed to characterize the physicochemical properties and processing quality of the Garumi 2 flour rice variety under PHS conditions and compare them with those of the Seolgaeng, Hangaru, Shingil, and Ilpum rice varieties and the Keumkang wheat variety. Analysis of the molecular structure of starch revealed uniform starch granules, increased proportions of short-chain amylopectin in DP 6–12 (51.0–55.3%), and enhanced crystallinity (30.7–35.7%) in rice varieties for flour compared with the Ilpum cooking rice variety. PHS significantly altered the starch structure and gelatinization properties of Garumi 2. It also caused surface pitting and roughness in Garumi 2 starch granules and decreased their crystallinity. Collectively, the findings of this study provide important novel insights into the effects of PHS on the physicochemical properties of Garumi 2 floury rice for flour.

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