scholarly journals The Vertical Differences in the Change Rates and Controlling Factors of Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen along Vegetation Restoration in a Subtropical Area of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6443
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Cao ◽  
Xi Fang ◽  
Wenhua Xiang ◽  
Pifeng Lei ◽  
Changhui Peng
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Vegetation Restoration ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Soil Layers

The study was to investigate the change patterns of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and soil C/N (C/N) in each soil sublayer along vegetation restoration in subtropical China. We collected soil samples in four typical plant communities along a restoration chronosequence. The soil physicochemical properties, fine root, and litter biomass were measured. Our results showed the proportion of SOC stocks (Cs) and TN stocks (Ns) in 20–30 and 30–40 cm soil layers increased, whereas that in 0–10 and 10–20 cm soil layers decreased. Different but well-constrained C/N was found among four restoration stages in each soil sublayer. The effect of soil factors was greater on the deep soil than the surface soil, while the effect of vegetation factors was just the opposite. Our study indicated that vegetation restoration promoted the uniform distribution of SOC and TN on the soil profile. The C/N was relatively stable along vegetation restoration in each soil layer. The accumulation of SOC and TN in the surface soil layer was controlled more by vegetation factors, while that in the lower layer was controlled by both vegetation factors and soil factors.

scholarly journals Storage of Soil Organic Carbon and Its Spatial Variability in an Agro-Pastoral Ecotone of Northern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2259
Author(s):  
Yanjiang Zhang ◽  
Qing Zhen ◽  
Pengfei Li ◽  
Yongxing Cui ◽  
Junwei Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Soil Layers

Spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) is important for the development of ecosystem carbon cycle models and assessment of soil quality. In this study, a total of 732 soil samples from 122 soil profiles (0–10, 10–20, 20–40, 40–60, 60–80, and 80–100 cm) were collected by a combination of fixed-point sampling and route surveys in an agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China and the spatial variation of the SOC in the samples was analyzed through classical statistical and geostatistical approaches. The results showed that the SOC contents decreased from 4.31 g/kg in the 0–10 cm to 1.57 g/kg in the 80–100 cm soil layer. The spatial heterogeneity of the SOC exhibited moderate and strong dependence for all the soil layers owing to random and structural factors including soil texture, topography, and human activities. The spatial distributions of the SOC increased gradually from northeast to southwest in the 0–40 cm soil layers, but there was no general trend in deep soil layers and different interpolation methods resulted in the inconsistent spatial distribution of SOC. The storage of SOC was expected to be 25 Tg in the 0–100 cm soil depths for the whole area of 7692 km2. The SOC stocks estimated by two interpolation approaches were very close (25.65 vs. 25.86 Tg), but the inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation generated a more detailed map of SOC and with higher determination coefficient (R2); therefore, the IDW was recognized as an appropriate method to investigate the spatial variability of SOC in this region.

Estimation of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in different soil layers using VNIR spectroscopy: Effects of spiking on model applicability

Geoderma ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 293 ◽  
pp. 54-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghu Jiang ◽  
Qianxi Li ◽  
Xinggang Wang ◽  
Yu Wu ◽  
Xiaolu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Vnir Spectroscopy

Response of the spatial pattern of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen to vegetation restoration in a typical small karst catchment

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
段亚锋 DUAN Yafeng ◽  
王克林 WANG Kelin ◽  
冯达 FENG Da ◽  
吴敏 WU Min ◽  
张伟 ZHANG Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Vegetation Restoration ◽  
Karst Catchment

Response of soil moisture and soil organic carbon to vegetation restoration in deep soil profiles in Loess Hilly Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
冯棋 FENG Qi ◽  
杨磊 YANG Lei ◽  
王晶 WANG Jing ◽  
石学圆 SHI Xueyuan ◽  
汪亚峰 WANG Yafeng
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Vegetation Restoration ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Loess Hilly Region

Land-use and historical management effects on soil organic carbon in grazing systems on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales

Soil Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Wilson ◽  
Vanessa E. Lonergan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Historical Management

We examined soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration (mg g–1) and total organic carbon (TOC) stock (Mg ha–1 to 30 cm soil depth) in three pasture systems in northern New South Wales: improved pasture, native pasture, and lightly wooded pasture, at two sampling times (2009 and 2011). No significant difference was found in SOC or TOC between sample times, suggesting that under the conditions we examined, neither 2 years nor an intervening significant rainfall event was sufficient to change the quantity or our capacity to detect SOC, and neither represented a barrier to soil carbon accounting. Low fertility, lightly wooded pastures had a slightly but significantly lower SOC concentration, particularly in the surface soil layers. However, no significant differences in TOC were detected between the three pasture systems studied, and from a carbon estimation perspective, they represent one, single dataset. A wide range in TOC values existed within the dataset that could not be explained by environmental factors. The TOC was weakly but significantly correlated with soil nitrogen and phosphorus, but a more significant pattern seemed to be the association of high TOC with proportionally larger subsoil (0.1–0.3 m) organic carbon storage. This we attribute to historical, long-term rather than contemporary management. Of the SOC fractions, particulate organic carbon (POC) dominated in the surface layers but diminished with depth, whereas the proportion of humic carbon (HUM) and resistant organic carbon (ROC) increased with soil depth. The POC did not differ between the pasture systems but native pasture had larger quantities of HUM and ROC, particularly in the surface soil layers, suggesting that this pasture system tends to accumulate organic carbon in more resistant forms, presumably because of litter input quality and historical management.

scholarly journals Study on spatial-temporal change of soil organic carbon and impact factors in Gudao Forestry Farm of Dongying

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 03014
Author(s):  
Shengnan Zhang ◽  
Zhanhong Liu ◽  
Luo Fang ◽  
Baolin Wu ◽  
Yurui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Bare Land

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is one of the important properties to evaluate soil quality, which can indirectly reflect the effect of afforestation on saline-alkali land. In this study, 4 different forest types in Gudao Forestry Centre were selected as experimental plots, and bare land was set as blank group. Spatial differentiation and impact factors of SOC between different forest types were studied by field investigation and laboratory experiment. The results show that (1) SOC content in the study area is lower than 1%. SOC content in forest land is higher than that in bare land. In the upper soil layer, the SOC content of Robinia Pseudoacacia forest is lower, and mixed forest is higher. SOC content of bare land is higher than that of forest land in the lower layer. (2) SOC has a significant positive correlation with available nutrients (P<0.05), and has a weak correlation with pH and water content. There are different correlations with conductivity and bulk density in different soil layers, and they all showed a negative correlation at the upper layer, and a significant positive correlation at the lower layer (P<0.05).

scholarly journals Stocks and Stoichiometry of Soil Organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, and Total Phosphorus after Vegetation Restoration in the Loess Hilly Region, China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Xu ◽  
Qing Qu ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Ziqi Guo ◽  
Entemake Wulan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Vegetation Restoration ◽  
N:P Ratios ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Restoration Age ◽  
Soc Stocks

The Loess Plateau is an important region for vegetation restoration in China; however, changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), soil nutrients, and stoichiometry after restoration in this vulnerable ecoregion are not well understood. Typical restoration types, including orchardland, grassland, shrubland, and forestland, were chosen to examine changes in the stocks and stoichiometry of SOC, soil total nitrogen (TN), and soil total phosphorus (TP) at different soil depths and recovery times. Results showed that SOC stocks first increased and then stabilized in orchardland, grassland, and shrubland at 0–30 cm depths, while in forestland, SOC stocks gradually increased. Soil TN stocks first increased and then decreased in orchardland, shrubland, and forestland with restoration age at 0–30 cm depths, while soil TP stocks showed little variation between restoration types; at the same time, the overall C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios increased with restoration age. In the later stages of restoration, the stocks of SOC and soil TN at 0–30 cm soil depths were still lower than those in natural grassland and natural forest. Additionally, the SOC, soil TN, and soil TP stocks and the C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios decreased with soil depth. The forestland had the highest rate of change in SOC and soil TN stocks, at 0–10 cm soil depth. These results indicate a complex response of SOC, soil TN, and soil TP stocks and stoichiometry to vegetation restoration, which could have important implications for understanding C, N, and P changes and nutrient limitations after vegetation restoration.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of profile storage of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in forest and grassland in Jajarkot, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-192
Author(s):  
Mamata Sharma ◽  
Gandhiv Kafle
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soc Stock ◽  
Level Of Significance

Understanding distribution of soil organic carbon and nitrogen in soil profile is important for assessing soil fertility and soil carbon dynamics. However, little is known about their distribution in soil depth below 30cm in Nepal. In this context, this research was carried out in 2019 to determine the Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) and Total Nitrogen (TN) in 0-10 cm, 11-30 cm and 31-60 cm depths of soil profile at forest and grassland in Kotila community forest, Jajarkot, Nepal. Overall field measurement was based on national standard protocols. Three replicates of soil pit from forest and grassland were dug for soil sample collection. Approximately 100 g soil sample from each soil layer was collected and taken to laboratory for SOC analysis. Separate soil samples, one sample from each soil layer were collected with the help of a metal soil corer having volume 245.22cm3 to quantify bulk density. Forest has 25.42 ton/ha SOC stock and 3.28 ton/ha TN stock up to 60 cm soil depth. Likewise, Grassland has 21.19 ton/ha SOC stock and 3.14 ton/ha TN stock up to 60cm soil depth. However, these values are not significantly different at 5 % level of significance. The SOC and TN were decreased with increased soil depths, though not significantly different at 5 % level of significance. The C:N ratio was found higher in forest than grassland. It is concluded that SOC and TN do not vary significantly between forest and grassland. Topsoil contains more SOC, TN, and C:N ratio, so the management practices should focus on maintaining inputs of soil organic matter in the forest and grassland.

A review of the impacts of land use change, climate zone, forest type and age on soil organic carbon and other soil quality indicators following afforestation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Guo ◽  
Mohamed Abdalla ◽  
Mikk Espenberg ◽  
Astley Hastings ◽  
Paul Hallett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Barren Land ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Climate Zone

&lt;p&gt;The main aim of this global review and systematic analysis was to investigate the impacts of previous land use system, climate zone and forest type and age on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), in the different soil layers (0-20, 20-60 and 60-100 cm), following afforestation. We collected 85 publications on SOC, TN and TP stock changes, covering di&amp;#64256;erent countries and climate zones. The data were classified into groups depending on these investigated parameters and analyzed using R version 3.6.1. We found that afforestation significantly increased SOC and TN stocks in the 0-20 and 20-60 soil layers, with values of 45% and 44% for SOC, 30% and 22% for TN, respectively, but had no impact on TP stock. Previous land use systems had the largest influence on SOC, TN and TP stocks, with greater accumulations on barren land compared to cropland and grassland. Climate zone influenced SOC, TN and TP stocks, with significant accumulations in the moist than in the dry climate zone. Afforestation with broadleaf deciduous and broadleaf evergreen forests led to greater SOC, TN and TP accumulations in each soil layer throughout the investigated profile (0-100 cm), compared to coniferous forests. Afforestation for &lt;20 years had significantly increased SOC and TN stocks only at the soil surface (0-20 cm) whilst afforestation for &amp;#8805; 20 years had significantly accumulated them up to 100 cm soil depth. TP stock did not change with the forest age, suggesting that it may become a limiting factor for carbon sequestration under the older-age forest. Following afforestation, the change of soil bulk density had inverse relationships with SOC or TN stocks changes but had no effect on TP stock change.&lt;/p&gt;

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