scholarly journals Regional Development in Russia: An Ecosystem Approach to Territorial Sustainability Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Tolstykh ◽  
Leyla Gamidullaeva ◽  
Nadezhda Shmeleva ◽  
Yuri Lapygin
Keyword(s):  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Sustainability Strategies ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Methodological Aspects

The current crisis has indicated the need to review the policy of economic growth and globalization towards the search for new sustainable models of the internal territory development able to resist external shocks and threats. To achieve this goal, it is required both to implement sustainability strategies, and to assess the obtained results towards sustainable development. Despite an abundance of literature on sustainability assessment, there is a lack of understanding of the application of sustainability assessment in regional/local contexts. The purpose of the article is to improve theoretical and methodological aspects of the formation of territorial (regional) ecosystems by developing a new approach to assessing its sustainability. We believe that territorial ecosystem sustainability assessment is possible through the entropy of a complex system composed of the entropies of its constituent ecosystems or the entropies of different types of territorial capital (human, production, natural). An application of the entropy approach allows to understand specific features of a particular ecosystem characteristics. We demonstrate our methodology with two empirical case studies of territorial ecosystems of Penza and Vladimir regions. As a result of the analysis, it was found that ecosystem’s sustainability is achieved, primarily, due to the natural capital of the territory. The methodology proposed in our study aims at ensuring comprehensiveness and robustness of the evaluation supporting the decision-making process.

Methodological aspects of building the indicator for revealing distortions in company results

2018 ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Savelyeva ◽  
S. A. Dudin ◽  
A. V. Trenixina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Probabilistic Assessment ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Company Accounts ◽  
Integral Indicator

Today it is extremely timely and acute to stir up academic quarters in order to develop methodological basis for assessing the degree of accounts trustworthiness in the interest of all groups of company stakeholders. The article studies theoretical and methodological aspects of assessing accounts manipulation. The author came to the conclusion about availability of shortcomings in the effective tools of assessing accounts manipulation, which are connected with determinism of indicators included in their structure and ignoring specificity of different types of company activity. The article proposes a new approach to probabilistic assessment of distortions in company accounts, which leans on mathematic-statistic models, namely typologization and multi-criteria estimation. This approach makes it feasible not only to find facts of accounts distortion but to identify their trend in the direction of overstating or understating. On the basis of this approach the integral indicator of assessing possibility of finance results’ distortion in company accounting in the direction of their overstating was built. It is connected with companies, whose principle type of activity is food production. The author draws a conclusion that more than a half of joint stock companies in the Russian Federation dealing with food production provide untruthful finance accounting (with the possibility of over 60%), which overstates finance results of its work.

scholarly journals “Artificial Wood” Lignocellulosic Membranes: Influence of Kraft Lignin on the Properties and Gas Transport in Tunicate-Based Nanocellulose Composites

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Ievgen Pylypchuk ◽  
Roman Selyanchyn ◽  
Tetyana Budnyak ◽  
Yadong Zhao ◽  
Mikael Lindström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knudsen Diffusion ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Molecular Sizes ◽  
Fast Transport ◽  
Cellulose Membranes

Nanocellulose membranes based on tunicate-derived cellulose nanofibers, starch, and ~5% wood-derived lignin were investigated using three different types of lignin. The addition of lignin into cellulose membranes increased the specific surface area (from 5 to ~50 m2/g), however the fine porous geometry of the nanocellulose with characteristic pores below 10 nm in diameter remained similar for all membranes. The permeation of H2, CO2, N2, and O2 through the membranes was investigated and a characteristic Knudsen diffusion through the membranes was observed at a rate proportional to the inverse of their molecular sizes. Permeability values, however, varied significantly between samples containing different lignins, ranging from several to thousands of barrers (10−10 cm3 (STP) cm cm−2 s−1 cmHg−1cm), and were related to the observed morphology and lignin distribution inside the membranes. Additionally, the addition of ~5% lignin resulted in a significant increase in tensile strength from 3 GPa to ~6–7 GPa, but did not change thermal properties (glass transition or thermal stability). Overall, the combination of plant-derived lignin as a filler or binder in cellulose–starch composites with a sea-animal derived nanocellulose presents an interesting new approach for the fabrication of membranes from abundant bio-derived materials. Future studies should focus on the optimization of these types of membranes for the selective and fast transport of gases needed for a variety of industrial separation processes.

scholarly journals Urban, industrial and technological risks. Synthesis of the elements of vulnerability of the city of Hassi-Messaoud

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lahcene Bouzouaid ◽  
Moussadek Benabbas
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
The City

Abstract Today, Algeria is one of the developing countries that are engaging seriously into a new approach consisting of all kinds of combined risk assessments for better prevention them. Note that, this is a fairly important parameter, that is, the safety of people and property. However, the magnitude of the risk, of whatever nature, affects a variety of diversified aspects (Human, economic, technical and environmental). This study presented a case study, which is sometimes paradoxical, seeing that it is the result of the combination of all risk factors and specific factors related to them connected to a fragile urban environment: Hassi-Messaoud. It is well known that Hassi-Messaoud is one of the most important city for Algeria's economy; in which the demographic development is mainly known by incessant flows of immigrants, motivated essentially by job search. This arbitrary of population distribution exposes this city to a certain danger; especially as Hassi-Messaoud is in a zone subject to a probable risk expressed here by being characteristic of an oil zone. Thus, this article aimed to provide elements of risk assessment related to oil activity. This approach could conclude that, through a schematic scale, the different types and levels of exposure and vulnerability could be identified, that is, characteristics of the urban space in question.

scholarly journals Putting resilient sustainability into strategy decisions – case studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1598-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Winnard ◽  
Jacquetta Lee ◽  
David Skipp
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Real World ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Strategic Decision Support ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report the results of testing a new approach to strategic sustainability and resilience – Sustainable Resilient Strategic Decision-Support (SuReSDS™). Design/methodology/approach The approach was developed and tested using action-research case studies at industrial companies. It successfully allowed the participants to capture different types of value affected by their choices, optimise each strategy’s resilience against different future scenarios and compare the results to find a “best” option. Findings SuReSDS™ enabled a novel integration of environmental and social sustainability into strategy by considering significant risks or opportunities for an enhanced group of stakeholders. It assisted users to identify and manage risks from different kinds of sustainability-related uncertainty by applying resilience techniques. Users incorporated insights into real-world strategies. Research limitations/implications Since the case studies and test organisations are limited in number, generalisation from the results is difficult and requires further research. Practical implications The approach enables companies to utilise in-house and external experts more effectively to develop sustainable and resilient strategies. Originality/value The research described develops theories linking sustainability and resilience for organisations, particularly for strategy, to provide a new consistent, rigorous and flexible approach for applying these theories. The approach has been tested successfully and benefited real-world strategy decisions.

scholarly journals Building SMARTER Communities of Resistance and Solidarity

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-118
Author(s):  
Andre Oboler ◽  
Karen Connelly
Keyword(s):  
Online Communities ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
New Work ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Future Work

The Cyber-Racism and Community Resilience (CRaCR) project included an examination into features of online communities of resistance and solidarity. This work formed a key part of the project’s focus on resilience and produced a deeper understanding of a range of types of actors working in this space and how they might individually contribute effectively to creating resilience. The need for new synergies between different types of stakeholders and approaches was highlighted as an area of future work. This paper explores a design for that future work that builds and supports online communities of resistance and solidarity by drawing on the lessons from the earlier research and extending them. This new work both presents a model for cooperation and explains how different stakeholders can positively engage under the model in a smarter way. That is, through a system which facilitates Solidarity in Moving Against Racism Together while Enabling Resilience. This new approach draws on the strengths of individuals actors, but also seeks to turn points of weakness for one actor into opportunities for cooperation that strengthen the system as a whole.

Sensor and Actuator Intrusion Detection for Cyber-Physical Systems via Adaptive Estimation Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayi Su ◽  
Yuqin Weng ◽  
Susan C. Schneider ◽  
Edwin E. Yaz
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filters ◽  
Adaptive Estimation ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Unknown Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Conditional State

Abstract In this work, a new approach to detect sensor and actuator intrusion for Cyber-Physical Systems using a bank of Kalman filters is presented. The case where the unknown type of the intrusion signal is considered first, using two Kalman filters in a bank to provide the conditional state estimates, then the unknown type of intrusion signal can be detected properly via the adaptive estimation algorithm. The case where the target (either sensor or actuator) of the intrusion signal is unknown is also considered, using four Kalman filters in a bank designed to detect if the intrusion signal is about to affect healthy sensor or actuator signal. To test these methods, a DC motor speed control system subject to attack by different types of sensor and actuator signals is simulated. Simulations show that different types of sensor and actuator intrusion signals can be detected properly without the knowledge of the nature and the type of these signals.

scholarly journals Sustainability Assessment in Water Infrastructure Projects—Existing Schemes and Challenges in Application

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2383
Author(s):  
Sonja Cypra ◽  
Fabian Knepper ◽  
Susanne Kytzia ◽  
Elke Petersson
Keyword(s):  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Stable Solution ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Water Infrastructure ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Ecological Dimension ◽  
Selection Of

Ecological, economic and societal challenges require decision-making and planning processes aiming at sustainability in water management. Such processes are increasingly informed and supported by sustainability assessment schemes. The focus of this article is on water infrastructure. A selection of national (German) and international assessment schemes is presented and compared. Both interdisciplinary schemes, applicable to a wide range of infrastructure measures, as well as schemes specialized in water infrastructure are considered. In addition to methodological aspects and dissemination, thematic priorities are analyzed and compared. Apart from methodological similarity, specialized schemes tend to be still in the development stage. In contrast, the interdisciplinary schemes have already been used commercially and have been applied in a considerable number of projects. The schemes considered differ significantly in the number of criteria. The interdisciplinary schemes tend to focus more on the ecological dimension while considering a small number of economic criteria. The assessment results depend on various subjective factors and the schemes do not produce true or false results in absolute terms. However, their application can make these factors visible and help identify the most stable solution with regard to different sustainability perspectives.

scholarly journals Sustainability assessment of refurbishment vs. new constructions by means of LCA and durability-based estimations of buildings lifespans: A new approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 106203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Palacios-Munoz ◽  
Bruno Peuportier ◽  
Luis Gracia-Villa ◽  
Belinda López-Mesa
Keyword(s):  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
New Approach

scholarly journals The cyber-resilience of financial institutions: significance and applicability

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Dupont
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Online Security ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Risk Managers ◽  
Rich History

Abstract The growing sophistication, frequency and severity of cyberattacks targeting financial sector institutions highlight their inevitability and the impossibility of completely protecting the integrity of critical computer systems. In this context, cyber-resilience offers an attractive complementary alternative to the existing cybersecurity paradigm. Cyber-resilience is defined in this article as the capacity to withstand, recover from and adapt to the external shocks caused by cyber risks. Resilience has a long and rich history in a number of scientific disciplines, including in engineering and disaster management. One of its main benefits is that it enables complex organizations to prepare for adverse events and to keep operating under very challenging circumstances. This article seeks to explore the significance of this concept and its applicability to the online security of financial institutions. The first section examines the need for cyber-resilience in the financial sector, highlighting the different types of threats that target financial systems and the various measures of their adverse impact. This section concludes that the “prevent and protect” paradigm that has prevailed so far is inadequate, and that a cyber-resilience orientation should be added to the risk managers’ toolbox. The second section briefly traces the scientific history of the concept and outlines the five core dimensions of organizational resilience, which is dynamic, networked, practiced, adaptive, and contested. Finally, the third section analyses three types of institutional approaches that are used to foster cyber-resilience in the financial sector (and beyond): (i) a thriving cybersecurity industry is promoting cyber-resilience as the future of security; (ii) standards bodies are embedding cyber-resilience into some of their cybersecurity standards; and (iii) regulatory agencies have developed a broad range of compliance tools aimed at enhancing cyber-resilience.

scholarly journals A new approach to mixing techniques for enhanced performance in automated sample preparation

1995 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 169-171
Author(s):  
François Qian ◽  
Eric Vérette ◽  
Atika El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mixing Method ◽  
Automated Sample Preparation ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Mixing Techniques ◽  
Sample Dilution

In the automation of sample dilution or derivatization, the performance of the mixing technique employed when adding solvents or reagents to samples is critical. This paper presents a newly developed mixing method, based on conventional aspiration and dispensing of liquid techniques, but which considerably improves the precision of mixing. The paper discusses the results of a comparison of the technique with other methods and describes the application of the technique to several different types of sample solutions, including a highly concentrated glucose solution. The mixing technique was performed on a Gilson XL Sampling Injector, with a 1/25 dilution of a paraben solution in 2 ml vials to give relative standard deviations of 0.2 to 0.3% (N =10).

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