scholarly journals A Decision Process for Optimizing Multi-Hazard Shelter Location Using Global Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6252
Author(s):  
Sarah Godschall ◽  
Virginia Smith ◽  
Jonathan Hubler ◽  
Peleg Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Data Repositories ◽  
Planning Framework ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Support Decision Making ◽  
Global Data

Mitigating the effects of natural hazards through infrastructure planning requires integration of diverse types of information from a range of fields, including engineering, geography, social science, and geology. Challenges in data availability and previously siloed data have hindered the ability to obtain the information necessary to support decision making for disaster risk management. This is particularly challenging for areas susceptible to multiple types of natural hazards, especially in low-income communities that lack the resources for data collection. The data revolution is altering this landscape, due to the increased availability of remotely sensed data and global data repositories. This work seeks to leverage these advancements to develop a framework using open global datasets for identifying optimal locations for disaster relief shelters. The goal of this study is to empower low-income regions and make resilience more equitable by providing a multi-hazard shelter planning framework that is accessible to all decision-makers. The tool described integrates spatial multi-criteria decision analysis methods with a network analysis procedure to inform decisions regarding disaster shelter planning and siting.

scholarly journals The PREVIEW Global Risk Data Platform: a geoportal to serve and share global data on risk to natural hazards

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Giuliani ◽  
P. Peduzzi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Data Platform ◽  
Global Data

Abstract. With growing world population and concentration in urban and coastal areas, the exposure to natural hazards is increasing and results in higher risk of human and economic losses. Improving the identification of areas, population and assets potentially exposed to natural hazards is essential to reduce the consequences of such events. Disaster risk is a function of hazard, exposure and vulnerability. Modelling risk at the global level requires accessing and processing a large number of data, from numerous collaborating centres. These data need to be easily updated, and there is a need for centralizing access to this information as well as simplifying its use for non GIS specialists. The Hyogo Framework for Action provides the mandate for data sharing, so that governments and international development agencies can take appropriate decision for disaster risk reduction. Timely access and easy integration of geospatial data are essential to support efforts in Disaster Risk Reduction. However various issues in data availability, accessibility and integration limit the use of such data. In consequence, a framework that facilitate sharing and exchange of geospatial data on natural hazards should improve decision-making process. The PREVIEW Global Risk Data Platform is a highly interactive web-based GIS portal supported by a Spatial Data Infrastructure that offers free and interoperable access to more than 60 global data sets on nine types of natural hazards (tropical cyclones and related storm surges, drought, earthquakes, biomass fires, floods, landslides, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions) and related exposure and risk. This application portrays an easy-to-use online interactive mapping interface so that users can easily work with it and seamlessly integrate data in their own data flow using fully compliant OGC Web Services (OWS).

Addressing the Crisis in Urban Water Access

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Beard ◽  
Diana Mitlin
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Water Access ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Insufficient Attention ◽  
Global Data

This paper highlights challenges of water access in towns and cities of the global South and explores potential policy responses. These challenges are not new, although, we argue that they have been underestimated by policy makers due to a focus on global data, thus, resulting in decision makers paying insufficient attention to these problems. Policies need to be based on a more accurate assessment of challenges, specifically the need for continuous and affordable water service, and the need to provide services to informal settlements. We share findings from research on 15 cities across Latin America, Asia, and Africa.

scholarly journals Brief Communication: Key papers of 20 years in Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Animesh K. Gain ◽  
Yves Bühler ◽  
Pascal Haegeli ◽  
Daniela Molinari ◽  
Mario Parise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Earth System ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Major Subject ◽  
20Th Anniversary ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
Twentieth Anniversary

Abstract. To mark the twentieth anniversary of Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (NHESS), an interdisciplinary and international journal dedicated to the public discussion and open-access publication of high-quality studies and original research on natural hazards and their consequences, we highlight eleven key publications covering major subject areas of NHESS that stood out within the past 20 years. The selected articles represent excellent scientific contributions in the major areas of natural hazards and risks and helped NHESS to become an exceptionally strong journal representing interdisciplinary areas of natural hazards and risks. At its 20th anniversary, we are proud that NHESS is not only used by scientists to disseminate research results and innovative novel ideas but also by practitioners and decision-makers to present effective solutions and strategies for sustainable disaster risk reduction.

A Conceptual Model for Describing the Integration of Decision Aspect into Big Data

2022 ◽  
pp. 294-318
Author(s):  
Fatma Chiheb ◽  
Fatima Boumahdi ◽  
Hafida Bouarfa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Company ◽  
Support Decision Making

Big Data is an important topic for discussion and research. It has gained this importance due to the meaningful value that could be extracted from these data. The application of Big Data in the modern business allows enterprises to take faster and smarter decisions, achieving a real competitive advantage. However, a lot of Big Data projects provide disappointing results that don't address the decision-makers' needs due to many reasons. The main reason for this failure can be summarized in neglecting the study of the decision-making aspect of these projects. In light of this challenge, this study proposes the integration of decision aspect into Big Data as a solution. Therefore, this article presents three main contributions: 1) Clarify the definition of Big Data; 2) Presents BD-Da model, a conceptual model describes the levels that should be considered to develop a Big Data project aiming to solve a problem that calls a decision; 3) Describes a particular, logical, requirements-like approach that explains how a company develops a Big Data analytics project to support decision-making.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing of Boreal Wetlands 1: Data Use for Policy and Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Chasmer ◽  
Danielle Cobbaert ◽  
Craig Mahoney ◽  
Koreen Millard ◽  
Daniel Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Ramsar Convention ◽  
Canadian Perspective ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wetland Inventory ◽  
Monitoring And Measurement ◽  
Underlying Processes

Wetlands have and continue to undergo rapid environmental and anthropogenic modification and change to their extent, condition, and therefore, ecosystem services. In this first part of a two-part review, we provide decision-makers with an overview on the use of remote sensing technologies for the ‘wise use of wetlands’, following Ramsar Convention protocols. The objectives of this review are to provide: (1) a synthesis of the history of remote sensing of wetlands, (2) a feasibility study to quantify the accuracy of remotely sensed data products when compared with field data based on 286 comparisons found in the literature from 209 articles, (3) recommendations for best approaches based on case studies, and (4) a decision tree to assist users and policymakers at numerous governmental levels and industrial agencies to identify optimal remote sensing approaches based on needs, feasibility, and cost. We argue that in order for remote sensing approaches to be adopted by wetland scientists, land-use managers, and policymakers, there is a need for greater understanding of the use of remote sensing for wetland inventory, condition, and underlying processes at scales relevant for management and policy decisions. The literature review focuses on boreal wetlands primarily from a Canadian perspective, but the results are broadly applicable to policymakers and wetland scientists globally, providing knowledge on how to best incorporate remotely sensed data into their monitoring and measurement procedures. This is the first review quantifying the accuracy and feasibility of remotely sensed data and data combinations needed for monitoring and assessment. These include, baseline classification for wetland inventory, monitoring through time, and prediction of ecosystem processes from individual wetlands to a national scale.

Shopping streets vs malls: preferences of low-income consumers

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Tulio Zanini ◽  
Fernando Filardi ◽  
Fábio Villaça ◽  
Carmen Migueles ◽  
Aline Menezes Melo
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Patronage Intention ◽  
Low Income Consumers ◽  
Depth Interviews

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the attributes of shopping streets and shopping malls that influence the satisfaction and patronage intention of low-income consumers in order to understand the consumers’ preferences when it comes to shopping in these retail agglomerations.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on quantitative and qualitative research, including in-depth interviews and focus groups with low-income consumers. The research collected data from 396 consumers at 3 retail agglomerations in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and used a structured questionnaire to identify 12 attributes as the factors of the agglomerations’ attractiveness.FindingsThe results show that the items “selection” and “value” affect satisfaction and patronage intention at the same intensity in both shopping streets and shopping malls. However, the item “access” proved to be important for shopping malls, and the item “security” proved to be important for shopping streets. The results indicate that shopping streets have a preference for patronage intentions, despite the greater satisfaction generated by shopping malls. In addition, the study looked at consumers’ opinions on these retail agglomerations.Originality/valueThe research findings help to build a conceptual framework on evolved retail agglomerations in comparison to created retail agglomeration, represented by shopping streets and shopping malls, respectively. The findings allow a broader view of low-income consumption, offering insights so entrepreneurs and companies can direct their efforts to better capture value and improve the supply of products and services. Likewise, these findings will help public policy decision-makers to build and provide infrastructure for the preservation of shopping streets, maintaining this option for the consumer.

Activity-Based Methodology for Development and Analysis of Integrated DoD Architectures

2007 ◽  
pp. 85-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ring
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
The Core ◽  
Analysis Strategies ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Integrated Architecture ◽  
Architecture Development ◽  
Support Decision Making

This chapter describes the activity-based methodology (ABM), an efficient and effective approach to-ward development and analysis of DoD integrated architectures that will enable them to align with and fully support decision-making processes and mission outcomes. ABM consists of a tool-independent disciplined approach to developing fully integrated, unambiguous, and consistent DODAF Operational, System, and Technical views in supporting both “as-is” architectures (where all current elements are known) and “to-be” architectures (where not all future elements are known). ABM enables architects to concentrate on the Art and Science of architectures—that is identifying core architecture elements, their views, how they are related together, and the resulting analysis used for decision-making purposes. ABM delivers significant architecture development productivity and quality gains by generating several DoDAF products and their elements from the core architecture elements. ABM facilitates the transition from integrated “static” architectures to executable “dynamic” process models for time-dependent assessments of complex operations and resource usage. Workflow steps for creating integrated architecture are detailed. Numerous architecture analysis strategies are presented that show the value of integrated architectures to decision makers and mission outcomes.

scholarly journals Assessing the efficiency and the criticality of the elements belonging to a complex territorial system subject to natural hazards

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Minciardi ◽  
R. Sacile ◽  
E. Trasforini
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
External Stress ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Problems ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Physical Vulnerability ◽  
Natural Risk ◽  
Service Demand

Abstract. The effects of natural hazards can be mitigated by the use of proper "pre-event" interventions on "key" elements of the territory, that is on elements that are mostly vulnerable to a given catastrophic scenario and whose loss of functionality can cause damages on people, property and environment. In this respect, methodologies and tools should be studied to support decision makers in the analysis of a territory, in order to point out such elements. In this work, vulnerability is taken into account under two aspects: "physical vulnerability", which measures the propensity of a territorial element to suffer damage when subject to an external stress corresponding to the occurrence of a natural phenomenon; "functional vulnerability", which measures the propensity of a territorial element to suffer loss in functionality, even when that is caused by the loss of functionality of other territorial elements. In the proposed modeling approach, vulnerability is represented through the use of a graph-based formalization. A territorial system is represented as a complex set of elements or sub-systems. Such elements have differentiated and dedicated functions, and they may be functionally interconnected among them. In addition, vulnerability is defined through the use of two different variables, namely the criticality and the efficiency. Focusing the attention on the temporal phases corresponding to the occurrence of a calamitous event, the first one measures the service demand of an element, whereas the efficiency is a measure of the service that can be offered by such an element. The approach presented is largely independent from the natural risk considered. Besides, the tools introduced for the vulnerability analysis of the territorial system can also be used to formalize decision problems relevant to the location of the available resources for emergency management. A specific case study pertaining to the hydrological risk in the Val di Vara area (Italy) is presented.

A Conceptual Model for Describing the Integration of Decision Aspect into Big Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Fatma Chiheb ◽  
Fatima Boumahdi ◽  
Hafida Bouarfa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Company ◽  
Support Decision Making

Big Data is an important topic for discussion and research. It has gained this importance due to the meaningful value that could be extracted from these data. The application of Big Data in the modern business allows enterprises to take faster and smarter decisions, achieving a real competitive advantage. However, a lot of Big Data projects provide disappointing results that don't address the decision-makers' needs due to many reasons. The main reason for this failure can be summarized in neglecting the study of the decision-making aspect of these projects. In light of this challenge, this study proposes the integration of decision aspect into Big Data as a solution. Therefore, this article presents three main contributions: 1) Clarify the definition of Big Data; 2) Presents BD-Da model, a conceptual model describes the levels that should be considered to develop a Big Data project aiming to solve a problem that calls a decision; 3) Describes a particular, logical, requirements-like approach that explains how a company develops a Big Data analytics project to support decision-making.

The Arkansas Lottery Scholarship Act

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-136
Author(s):  
Kristopher D. Copeland ◽  
Ketevan Mamiseishvili
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Social Constructions ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Target Populations ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lottery Scholarship

State lottery policies have been created to generate additional funds to support public initiatives, such as higher education scholarships. Through 18 participant interviews and document analysis, this study examined how decision makers in Arkansas socially constructed citizens while forming lottery policy. The social construction of target populations theory provides a framework for better understanding how social constructions became embedded into the policy design process. Participants noted that beneficiaries included higher education students and the retail and vendor community. In addition, discussion centered on burdens being placed on people who derive from low income and people who have gambling addiction.

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