scholarly journals Chemical Destabilization of Fresh and Spent Cutting Oil Emulsions: Differences between an Ecofriendly and Two Commercial Synthetic Lubricants

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5697
Author(s):  
Danilo Spasiano ◽  
Andrea Petrella ◽  
Vito Lacedra
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Synthetic Lubricants ◽  
Surface Water Bodies ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Ph Neutralization

The aim of this study was to evaluate if eco-friendly lubricants had an additional advantage over conventional synthetic lubricants in terms of emulsion treatment of metalworking wastewater. To these purpose, two fresh commercial synthetic cutting oil emulsions were compared with an emulsion obtained from a new cutting oil produced from the reuse of slaughtering waste (CADT-605 from Kimya Srl, Bari, Italy). The breaking of the fresh emulsions was carried out with the addition of small amounts of sulfuric acid (2–20 mL/L) followed by pH neutralization by means of calcium hydroxide. During the two-step treatments, COD, BOD5 and non-ionic surfactant (NIS) concentrations were monitored in the aqueous phase. The results demonstrated that the best results were obtained with the emulsion produced with the bio-based lubricant. In addition, this cutting oil was tested in a metalworking plant within 30 days and the resulting spent emulsion was treated with the proposed process. In all the cases, the treatment led to a drastic decrease of the COD, BOD5 and NIS contents that allow the discharge of resulting aqueous phase in sewers or in surface water bodies, together with the other wastewater produced by the plant, in agreement with the Italian regulation.

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation of Pyrethroid in Parasite Wenyonia acuminata (Cestoda: Caryophyllaeidae) and Host fish Synodontis clarias (Linnaeus, 1758) from Lekki Lagoon, Lagos Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Akinsanya ◽  
P. O. Isibor ◽  
F. Olaleru ◽  
A. Abayomi ◽  
E. Akeredolu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Bottom Sediment ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Uninfected Individual ◽  
Host Fish ◽  
Other Hand

Abstract This study was aimed at determining the concentration of pyrethroid in the surface water, sediment, Weyonia acuminata and Synodontis clarias fish in Lekki lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria. In-situ physicochemical analysis of the surface water was conducted using a calibrated handheld multi-parameter probe (Horiba Checker Model U-10). Intestinal samples from infected and uninfected fish were analyzed for pyrethroid concentrations, microbial colonization, proteins (PRO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), malonaldehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The histopathology of infected and uninfected intestinal tissues were analyzed using Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stains and examined under a binocular light microscope (Model 230485). A total of 39 out of 98 S. clarias fish were infected with cestode parasite, Wenyonia acuminate, amounting to 39% parasite prevalence. Among the tested pyrethroids, Cyfluthrin and Alpha –cypermethrin had significant sorption of 1.62 and 3.27 respectively from the aqueous phase to the bottom sediment of the lagoon. Pyrethroid concentration was in the order of sediment > parasite> water > intestine> liver. The cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL (low density lipids) in the parasite were higher than in the host fish (p<0.05). On the other hand, the fish hepatic protein, high density lipids (HDL) and glucose were higher than the levels in the parasites (p<0.05). There was a high prevalence of gut microbes (30 - 40%), which include Salmonella sp, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp and Bacillus sp among individuals infected with gut Cestodes, Wenyonia sp compared with uninfected individual which had higher gut Staphylococcus sp., Klebsiella sp., and Proteus sp. (10- 40%). among the congeners of pyrethroids analyzed, Cyfluthrin > Alpha-Cyermethrin had significant sorption on the sediment, however unlike a benthopelagic fish, no pyrethroid was accumulated in the S. clarias from the sediment. The fish however accumulated Alpha-Cypermethrin from the aqueous phase. The parasite on the other hand accumulated Bathroid significantly from the surface water and bottom sediment which may be linked to the higher stress levels observed in the parasite than the host fish. The parasite in turn inflicted histological alterations on the host intestine, marked by moderate inflammation of mucosa, alteration of the villi microstructure, moderate stunting of the villous structure and moderate fibrosis of villous structure. The study demonstrated the efficiency of histopathological and microbial analysis in biomonitoring studies enteric parasites and early detection of pyrethroid toxicity respectively compared to bioaccumulation analysis.

scholarly journals Catchments of German Surface Water Bodies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Gericke ◽  
Judith Mahnkopf ◽  
Markus Venohr
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Surface Water Bodies

Dispersion Flow in Microchannels

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfir T. Akhmetov ◽  
Marat V. Mavletov ◽  
Sergey P. Sametov ◽  
Artur A. Rakhimov ◽  
Azat A. Valiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Effective Viscosity ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
Dense Structure ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dynamic Blocking ◽  
Oil Emulsions

The work is devoted to experimental investigations of the features of flow of dispersions in microchannels. The paper consists of three parts. In the first part the flow of emulsions in smooth contracting cylindrical microchannels is investigated. It is received that a significant role at dynamic blocking of channels is played by the inclusions comparable by size to the diameter of a narrowing. This is in spite of the fact that their influence on the change of a flow rate of emulsion before blocking is insignificant. In the second part the generation of emulsion in a complex structure of microchannels (micromodels) when water is displaced by composition of hydrocarbon with surfactants is investigated. The experimental dependences of the rheological characteristics of emulsions based on the composition of SAS and water at different concentrations of the aqueous phase can explain blocking of a porous structure by generated emulsion. In the third part a comparison of flow of water-in-oil emulsions with the suspension which was obtained by freezing the microdroplets of the aqueous phase of emulsions was studied. It was found that the blocking of suspension is not as complete as in the case of emulsion. It is explained by deformation of the droplets and by formation of a dense structure, as opposed to suspension of beads, through which hydrocarbon phase is filtered. A small increase in effective viscosity due to solidification of freezing droplets of the dispersed phase was found.

scholarly journals A rapid procedure for selectively isolating the major glycoprotein from purified rat brain myelin

1977 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Quarles ◽  
C F Pasnak
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
Rapid Procedure ◽  
Myelin Associated Glycoprotein ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Treatment of the chloroform/methanol-insoluble residue of rat brain myelin with lithium 3,5-di-iodosalicylate solubilized the major myelin-associated glycoprotein along with most other proteins and glycoproteins. Equilibration of the extract with phenol resulted in the selective partitioning of the major glycoprotein into the aqueous phase, whereas nearly all of the other proteins and glycoproteins went into the phenol phase.

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