scholarly journals Sustainability Challenges of Wind Power Deployment in Coastal Ceará State, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5562
Author(s):  
Júlio César Holanda Araújo ◽  
Wallason Farias de Souza ◽  
Antonio Jeovah de Andrade Meireles ◽  
Christian Brannstrom
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Sustainability Challenges

Sustainable and socially just decarbonization faces numerous challenges, owing to high land demands for wind farms and weak economic and political institutions. In Brazil, a leader in the Global South in terms of rapid installation of wind power capacity since the 2001 electricity crisis, firms have built wind farms near host communities that are politically and economically marginalized, giving rise to numerous forms of subtle contention and overt opposition. We aimed to better understand the licensing materials for wind farms and the content of the host communities’ concerns about wind farms. We analyzed 18 “simplified” environmental impact reports, which created a legal path for wind farm construction, and conducted qualitative interviews in host communities in coastal Ceará state in northeastern Brazil. Our analysis reveals how firms appropriated and manipulated “crisis” in their environmental impact reports. Interviews with host community members reveal themes of ecological damage, fear, privatized land, employment, migrant workers and noise, in addition to evidence of active resistance to wind farms. These findings corroborate previous work on the overall nature of host community perceptions, add additional insight on the content of the licensing materials and expand the number of host communities analyzed for emerging sustainability challenges. More rigorous licensing procedures are needed to reduce corrupt practices, as well as the offering of avenues for community participation in the decision-making processes and eventual benefits of the wind farms.

scholarly journals Performance Enhancement of Proposed Namaacha Wind Farm by Minimising Losses Due to the Wake Effect: A Mozambican Case Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4291
Author(s):  
Paxis Marques João Roque ◽  
Shyama Pada Chowdhury ◽  
Zhongjie Huan
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Wake Effect ◽  
Wind Generators ◽  
Wind Potential

District of Namaacha in Maputo Province of Mozambique presents a high wind potential, with an average wind speed of around 7.5 m/s and huge open fields that are favourable to the installation of wind farms. However, in order to make better use of the wind potential, it is necessary to evaluate the operating conditions of the turbines and guide the independent power producers (IPPs) on how to efficiently use wind power. The investigation of the wind farm operating conditions is justified by the fact that the implementation of wind power systems is quite expensive, and therefore, it is imperative to find alternatives to reduce power losses and improve energy production. Taking into account the power needs in Mozambique, this project applied hybrid optimisation of multiple energy resources (HOMER) to size the capacity of the wind farm and the number of turbines that guarantee an adequate supply of power. Moreover, considering the topographic conditions of the site and the operational parameters of the turbines, the system advisor model (SAM) was applied to evaluate the performance of the Vestas V82-1.65 horizontal axis turbines and the system’s power output as a result of the wake effect. For any wind farm, it is evident that wind turbines’ wake effects significantly reduce the performance of wind farms. The paper seeks to design and examine the proper layout for practical placements of wind generators. Firstly, a survey on the Namaacha’s electricity demand was carried out in order to obtain the district’s daily load profile required to size the wind farm’s capacity. Secondly, with the previous knowledge that the operation of wind farms is affected by wake losses, different wake effect models applied by SAM were examined and the Eddy–Viscosity model was selected to perform the analysis. Three distinct layouts result from SAM optimisation, and the best one is recommended for wind turbines installation for maximising wind to energy generation. Although it is understood that the wake effect occurs on any wind farm, it is observed that wake losses can be minimised through the proper design of the wind generators’ placement layout. Therefore, any wind farm project should, from its layout, examine the optimal wind farm arrangement, which will depend on the wind speed, wind direction, turbine hub height, and other topographical characteristics of the area. In that context, considering the topographic and climate features of Mozambique, the study brings novelty in the way wind farms should be placed in the district and wake losses minimised. The study is based on a real assumption that the project can be implemented in the district, and thus, considering the wind farm’s capacity, the district’s energy needs could be met. The optimal transversal and longitudinal distances between turbines recommended are 8Do and 10Do, respectively, arranged according to layout 1, with wake losses of about 1.7%, land utilisation of about 6.46 Km2, and power output estimated at 71.844 GWh per year.

Community Benefits and UK Offshore Wind Farms: Evolving Convergence in a Divergent Practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150001
Author(s):  
John Glasson
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Onshore Wind ◽  
Community Benefits ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Renewable Energy Industry

The Offshore Wind sector is a major, dynamic, and rapidly evolving renewable energy industry. This is particularly so in Europe, and especially in the UK. Associated with the growth of the industry has been a growth of interest in community benefits as voluntary measures provided by a developer to the host community. However, in many cases, and for some of the large North Sea distant offshore wind farms, the benefits packages have been disparate and pro rata much smaller than for the well-established onshore wind farm industry. However, there are signs of change. This paper explores the issues of community benefits for the UK offshore sector and evolving practice, as reflected in a macro study of the adoption of community benefits approaches across the industry. This is followed by a more in-depth micro- approach, which explores approaches that have been adopted in three case studies of recent OWF projects — Aberdeen, Beatrice and the Hornsea Array. Whilst there is still much divergence in practice, there are also examples of some convergence, and the development of a more replicable practice. Particularly notable is the adoption of annual community benefits funds, as the key element of community benefits schemes/agreements between developers, local authorities and local communities.

Assessment of wind energy potential and characteristics in Qatar for clean electricity generation

2021 ◽  
pp. 0309524X2110438
Author(s):  
Carlos Méndez ◽  
Yusuf Bicer
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Wind Rose ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Wind Power Density ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Wind Energy Potential

The present study analyzes the wind energy potential of Qatar, by generating a wind atlas and a Wind Power Density map for the entire country based on ERA-5 data with over 41 years of measurements. Moreover, the wind speeds’ frequency and direction are analyzed using wind recurrence, Weibull, and wind rose plots. Furthermore, the best location to install a wind farm is selected. The results indicate that, at 100 m height, the mean wind speed fluctuates between 5.6054 and 6.5257 m/s. Similarly, the Wind Power Density results reflect values between 149.46 and 335.06 W/m2. Furthermore, a wind farm located in the selected location can generate about 59.7437, 90.4414, and 113.5075 GWh/y electricity by employing Gamesa G97/2000, GE Energy 2.75-120, and Senvion 3.4M140 wind turbines, respectively. Also, these wind farms can save approximately 22,110.80, 17,617.63, and 11,637.84 tons of CO2 emissions annually.

Effect of Air Density on Output Power of Wind Turbine

2013 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 1114-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhi Liu ◽  
Wen Xia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Power Curve ◽  
Air Density ◽  
Wind Farm Design ◽  
Farm Design

This paper elaborates the effect of wind speed on the output power of the wind farms at different locations. It also describes the correction of the power curve and shows the comparison chart of the standard power curve and the power curve after correction. In China's inland areas, wind farms altitude are generally higher, the air density is much different from the standard air density. The effect of air density on wind power output must be considered during the wind farm design.

An Analysis about Wind Farm Construction Based on the Perspective of the Development of Ecological Environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 619-621
Author(s):  
Zi Wei Bai
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Advantages of wind power are self-evident, but the impact of wind power project on the local ecological environment and natural landscape is also increasingly subject to public attention. It mainly reflects in the visual pollution of the wind turbine (or natural landscape problems), noise, bird safety and electromagnetic interference. The paper analyzed the impact of wind farms on the environment, and recommended appropriate preventions and control measures to reduce it to an acceptable level.

scholarly journals Method for Determining the Maximum Allowable Capacity of Wind Farm Based on Box Set Robust Optimization

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihui Guo ◽  
Hao Bai
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Robust Optimization ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Optimization Theory ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Bilevel Optimization ◽  
Grid Connection ◽  
Node Voltage

With the increasing penetration of wind power, the randomness and volatility of wind power output would have a greater impact on safety and steady operation of power system. In allusion to the uncertainty of wind speed and load demand, this paper applied box set robust optimization theory in determining the maximum allowable installed capacity of wind farm, while constraints of node voltage and line capacity are considered. Optimized duality theory is used to simplify the model and convert uncertainty quantities in constraints into certainty quantities. Under the condition of multi wind farms, a bilevel optimization model to calculate penetration capacity is proposed. The result of IEEE 30-bus system shows that the robust optimization model proposed in the paper is correct and effective and indicates that the fluctuation range of wind speed and load and the importance degree of grid connection point of wind farm and load point have impact on the allowable capacity of wind farm.

Study on a Service Mechanism that Wind/Photovoltaic/Energy Storage Power Station Help Wind Farms Tracking Generation Schedule Curve

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 1909-1913
Author(s):  
Hai Xiang Xu ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Xiao Meng Ren
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Forecasting Accuracy ◽  
Wind Power Forecasting ◽  
Assessment Standard ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Power Forecasting

At present, the technology of wind power forecasting isn‘t mature enough in china, so some grid-connected wind farms will be assessed when theirs power forecasting accuracy cant reach the assessment standard. In response to the situation, combined with the characteristics of WPSPS and wind farms, this paper designs a service mechanism that WPSPS help wind farms tracking generation schedule curve, namely, encouraging WPSPS to supply output compensation service for wind farm by market means to increase the accuracy of wind power forecasting. By this mechanism, not only WPSPS and wind farms will achieve win-win, but also the impact on the grid caused by fluctuations of wind powers output will reduce.

Forecast of Short-Term Wind Power Based on GA Optimized Elman Neural Network

2014 ◽  
Vol 536-537 ◽  
pp. 470-475
Author(s):  
Ye Chen
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Power Prediction ◽  
Elman Neural Network ◽  
Wind Power Prediction ◽  
Forecasting Method ◽  
Safety And Stability

Due to the features of being fluctuant, intermittent, and stochastic of wind power, interconnection of large capacity wind farms with the power grid will bring about impact on the safety and stability of power systems. Based on the real-time wind power data, wind power prediction model using Elman neural network is proposed. At the same time in order to overcome the disadvantages of the Elman neural network for easily fall into local minimum and slow convergence speed, this paper put forward using the GA algorithm to optimize the weight and threshold of Elman neural network. Through the analysis of the measured data of one wind farm, shows that the forecasting method can improve the accuracy of the wind power prediction, so it has great practical value.

Operation and Simulation of Hybrid Wind and Gas Turbine Power System Employing Wind Power Forecasting

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junrong Xia ◽  
Pan Zhao ◽  
Yiping Dai
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Hybrid Power System ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Large Wind ◽  
Operation Scheduling

Due to the intermittence and fluctuation of wind resource, the integration of large wind farms in a power grid introduces an additional stochastic component to power system scheduling. This always brings challenges to maintain the stability of power system. Integrating gas turbine units with wind farms can compensate their output fluctuation. In this paper, a methodology for the operation scheduling of a hybrid power system that consists of a large wind farm and gas turbine units is presented. A statistical model based on numerical weather prediction is used to forecast power output of the wind farm for the next 24 hours at quarter-hour intervals. Forecasts of wind power are used for optimizing the operation scheduling. In order to study the dynamic performance of the proposed hybrid power system, dynamic modeling of this hybrid power system is addressed. Wind farm and gas turbine units are integrated through an AC bus, and then connected to a power grid. An aggregated model of the wind farm and detailed models of gas turbine units are developed, and are implemented using MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation studies are carried out to evaluate the system performance using real weather data. The simulation results show that the proposed hybrid power system can compensate fluctuating wind power effectively and make wind power more reliable.

A Coherency-Based Equivalent Model of a Large Scale Wind Farm

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 2342-2346
Author(s):  
Rong Fu ◽  
Bao Yun Wang ◽  
Wan Peng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Equivalent Model ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Doubly Fed

With increasing installation capacity and wind farms penetration, wind power plays more important role in power systems, and the modeling of wind farms has become an interesting research topic. In this paper, a coherency-based equivalent model has been discussed for the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). Firstly, the dynamic models of wind turbines, DFIG and the mechanisms are briefly introduced. Some existing dynamic equivalent methods such as equivalent wind model, variable speed wind turbine model, parameter identification method and modal equivalent method to be used in wind farm aggregation are discussed. Then, considering wind power fluctuations, a new equivalent model of a wind farm equipped with doubly-fed induction generators is proposed to represent the interactions of the wind farm and grid. The method proposed is based on aggregating the coherent group wind turbines into an equivalent one. Finally, the effectiveness of the equivalent model is demonstrated by comparison with the wind farm response obtained from the detailed model. The dynamic simulations show that the present model can greatly reduce the computation time and model complexity.

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