scholarly journals Biotreatment of Poultry Waste Coupled with Biodiesel Production Using Suspended and Attached Growth Microalgal-Based Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5024
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Patrinou ◽  
Olga N. Tsolcha ◽  
Triantafyllos I. Tatoulis ◽  
Natassa Stefanidou ◽  
Marianna Dourou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Filamentous Cyanobacterium ◽  
Poultry Waste ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Attached Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Poultry litter extract (PLE) was treated using a microbial consortium dominated by the filamentous cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya sp. in synergy with heterotrophic microorganisms of the poultry waste. Laboratory- and pilot-scale experiments were conducted under aerobic conditions using suspended and attached growth photobioreactors. Different dilutions of the extract were performed, leading to different initial pollutant (nitrogen, phosphorus, dissolved chemical oxygen demand (d-COD), total sugars) concentrations. Significant nutrient removal rates, biomass productivity, and maximum lipid production were determined for all the systems examined. Higher d-COD, nitrogen, phosphorus, and total sugars removal were recorded in the attached growth reactors in both laboratory- (up to 94.0%, 88.2%, 97.4%, and 79.3%, respectively) and pilot-scale experiments (up to 82.0%, 69.4%, 81.0%, and 83.8%, respectively). High total biomass productivities were also recorded in the pilot-scale attached growth experiments (up to 335.3 mg L−1d−1). The produced biomass contained up to 19.6% lipids (w/w) on a dry weight basis, while the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids accounted for more than 70% of the total fatty acids, indicating a potential biodiesel production system. We conclude that the processing systems developed in this work can efficiently treat PLE and simultaneously produce lipids suitable as feedstock in the biodiesel manufacture.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, EDTA and sodium chloride on biomass and lipid accumulation of Chaetomorpha aerea

2020 ◽  
pp. 152-158
Author(s):  
Gour Gopal Satpati ◽  
Ruma Pal
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Chaetomorpha Aerea ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The increase of total lipid and fatty acids production was studied under different nutrient stress conditions using the macroalga, Chaetomorpha aerea. The effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, ethylene diamine tetra-acetate and sodium chloride on the growth and lipid accumulation were systematically investigated in laboratory conditions. The biomass was harvested at different stages of cultivation and assessed. The maximum changes of growth and lipid accumulation were observed in the exponential phase at different cultural conditions. The two-fold increase of total lipid was found in the order of 28.27±0.04 % (at 0.1 g/L nitrogen) > 27.30±0.37 % (at 0.5 g/L of phosphorus) > 25.86±0.77 % (at 0.05 g/L of EDTA)> 24.37±0.04 % (at 0.05 g/L NaCl) on 8th day of cultivation. The fatty acids were identified and quantified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The alga produces significantly high amount of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) than the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in different cultural conditions. The elevated levels of C16:1, C18:1 and C20:1 was identified under nitrate, phosphate and salt stress conditions, which are more suitable for biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Volatile Fatty Acids from Lipid-Extracted Yeast Provide Additional Feedstock for Microbial Lipid Production

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1009
Author(s):  
Gwon Woo Park ◽  
Seongsoo Son ◽  
Myounghoon Moon ◽  
Subin Sin ◽  
Kyoungseon Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Microbial Lipid ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Microbial Lipid Production

Microbial lipid production from oleaginous yeasts is a promising process for the sustainable development of the microbial biodiesel industry. However, the feedstock cost poses an economic problem for the production of microbial biodiesel. After lipid extraction, yeast biomass can be used as an organic source for microbial biodiesel production. In this study, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), produced via anaerobic digestion of a lipid-extracted yeast (LEY) residue, were utilized as a carbon source for the yeast Cryptococcus curvatus. The response surface methodology was used to determine the initial pH and inoculum volume for the optimal VFA production. The experimental result for VFA concentration was 4.51 g/L at an initial pH of 9 and an inoculation 25%. The optimization results from the response surface methodology showed that the maximal VFA concentration was 4.58 g/L at an initial pH of 8.40 and an inoculation of 39.49%. This study indicates that VFAs from LEY can be used as a carbon source for microbial biodiesel production, with the potential to significantly reduce feedstock costs.

scholarly journals Rapid Accumulation of Total Lipid inRhizoclonium africanumKutzing as Biodiesel Feedstock under Nutrient Limitations and the Associated Changes at Cellular Level

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gour Gopal Satpati ◽  
Sanjit Kanjilal ◽  
Rachapudi Badari Narayana Prasad ◽  
Ruma Pal
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Phosphate Limitation ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
High Accumulation

Increase of total lipid and the proportion of the favorable fatty acids in marine green filamentous macroalgaRhizoclonium africanum(Chlorophyceae) was studied under nitrate and phosphate limitations. These stresses were given by both eliminating and doubling the required amounts of nitrate and phosphate salts in the growth media. A significant twofold increase in total lipid (193.03 mg/g) was achieved in cells in absence of nitrate in the culture medium, followed by phosphate limitation (142.65 mg/g). The intracellular accumulation of neutral lipids was observed by fluorescence microscopy. The scanning electron microscopic study showed the major structural changes under nutrient starvation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the presence of ester (C-O-C stretching), ketone (C-C stretching), carboxylic acid (O-H bending), phosphine (P-H stretching), aromatic (C-H stretching and bending), and alcohol (O-H stretching and bending) groups in the treated cells indicating the high accumulation of lipid hydrocarbons in the treated cells. Elevated levels of fatty acids favorable for biodiesel production, that is, C16:0, C16:1, C18:1, and C20:1, were identified under nitrate- and phosphate-deficient conditions. This study shows that the manipulation of cultural conditions could affect the biosynthetic pathways leading to increased lipid production while increasing the proportion of fatty acids suitable for biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Enhanced Lipid Production and Molecular Dynamics under Salinity Stress in Green Microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (137C)

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanapa Atikij ◽  
Yolani Syaputri ◽  
Hitoshi Iwahashi ◽  
Thanit Praneenararat ◽  
Sophon Sirisattha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Green Microalga ◽  
Microalgal Lipids

Microalgal lipids are a source of valuable nutritional ingredients in biotechnological industries, and are precursors to biodiesel production. Here, the effects of salt-induced stresses, including NaCl, KCl, and LiCl stresses, on the production of lipid in green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (137c) were investigated. NaCl stress dramatically increased saturated fatty acids (SFAs), which accounted for 70.2% of the fatty acid methyl ester (FAMEs) under stress. In contrary, KCl stress led to a slight increase in SFAs (47.05%) with the remaining being polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (45.77%). RT-PCR analysis revealed that the genes involved in FA biosynthesis, such as PDH2, ACCase, MAT and KAS2, were up-regulated by NaCl-induced stress. Conversely, the genes responsible for the Kennedy pathway were suppressed. The alteration of FA homeostasis was further assessed by overexpressing MAT, the enzyme responsible for the production of malonyl-ACP, a key building block for FA biosynthesis, in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. Intracellular FA composition was affected, with a predominant synthesis of SFAs in transformed cells. Owing to the diversity and relative abundance of SFAs, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFAs) and PUFAs enable the feasibility of using microorganisms as a source of microalgal lipids or valuable nutritional ingredients; salt-induced stress and expression of MAT are useful in providing precursors for enhanced lipid production.

Lipid production by the filamentous cyanobacterium Limnothrix sp. growing in synthetic wastewater in suspended- and attached-growth photobioreactor systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1941-1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina N. Economou ◽  
Nikolaos Marinakis ◽  
Maria Moustaka-Gouni ◽  
George Kehayias ◽  
George Aggelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Production ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Filamentous Cyanobacterium ◽  
Attached Growth

scholarly journals Potential Assessment of Oleaginous Fungi for Sustainable Biodiesel Production: Screening, Identification and Lipid Production Optimization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghada Youssef ◽  
Ahmed Elrefaey ◽  
Samy El-Assar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Oleaginous Fungi

Abstract The present work, aiming to exploit oleaginous fungi for biodiesel production. Ten fungal strains were isolated from two petroleum polluted soil samples and screened for their abilities to accumulate lipid. Lipid rich three species viz, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus were found to be the highest lipid producers. Potential isolates were identified at the species level by morphological (macroscopic and microscopic) examination and molecularly confirmed by using 18S rRNA gene sequencing. Improvement of lipid accumulation by optimization of various parameters of culture conditions. The results reported clearly that the most suitable medium conditions for highest lipid production (38.33%) of Aspergillus terreus as the most potent lipid producer composed of 5% sucrose, 0.5 g/L ammonium nitrate with initial pH 6.0, after seven days of incubation in a static condition. The three promising fungal isolates have been taken for fatty acids analysis by gas chromatograph (GC) after transesterification. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) profile indicated the presence of higher saturated fatty acid fractions compared to polyunsaturated fatty acids. The total concentration of fatty acids was 107.98, 38.29, and 37.48 mg/100g of lipid accumulated by A. terreus, A. niger and A. flavus, respectively. Gas chromatograph analysis of A. terreus lipid indicated that oleic acid (C18:1, 18.51%) was the most abundant fatty acid, followed by stearic acid (C18:0, 15.91%) and Myristic acid (C14:0, 14.64%), respectively. Therefore, fatty acid profile of A. terreus has confirmed its potentiality as feedstock for producing lipid for biodiesel manufacturing.

scholarly journals Effect of Phytohormones Supplementation under Nitrogen Depletion on Biomass and Lipid Production of Nannochloropsis oceanica for Integrated Application in Nutrition and Biodiesel

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Hussein El-Sayed Touliabah ◽  
Adel W. Almutairi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Nannochloropsis Oceanica ◽  
Nitrogen Depletion ◽  
Omega Fatty Acids ◽  
Microalgal Lipids

Economic viability of biodiesel production relies mainly on the productivity of biomass and microalgal lipids. In addition, production of omega fatty acids is favorable for human nutrition. Thus, enhancement of lipid accumulation with high proportion of omega fatty acids could help the dual use of microalgal lipids in human nutrition and biodiesel production through biorefinery. In that context, phytohormones have been identified as a promising factor to increase biomass and lipids production. However, nitrogen limitation has been discussed as a potential tool for lipid accumulation in microalgae, which results in simultaneous growth retardation. The present study aims to investigate the combined effect of N-depletion and 3-Indoleacetic acid (IAA) supplementation on lipid accumulation of the marine eustigmatophyte Nannochloropsis oceanica as one of the promising microalgae for omega fatty acids production. The study confirmed that N-starvation stimulates the lipid content of N. oceanica. IAA enhanced both growth and lipid accumulation due to enhancement of pigments biosynthesis. Therefore, combination effect of IAA and nitrogen depletion showed gradual increase in the dry weight compared to the control. Lipid analysis showed lower quantity of saturated fatty acids (SFA, 26.25%) than the sum of monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Under N-depletion, SFA decreased by 12.98% compared to the control, which recorded much reduction by increasing of IAA concentration. Reduction of SFA was in favor of PUFA, mainly omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids which increased significantly due to IAA combined with N-depletion. Thus, the present study suggests a biorefinery approach for lipids extracted from N. oceanica for dual application in nutrition followed by biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Exploration of Microalgal Species for Nutrient Removal from Anaerobically Digested Swine Wastewater and Potential Lipids Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2469
Author(s):  
Zhihui Chen ◽  
Yunhua Xiao ◽  
Tan Liu ◽  
Mingmin Yuan ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Lipids Production ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Bio-treatment of anaerobically treated swine wastewater (ADSW) mediated by microalgae has been deemed as a promising strategy. In the present study, six microalgal strains were used to conduct batch experiments in 0~100% ADSW in order to evaluate their potentials for nutrient removal and biodiesel production. Two strains, Chlorella vulgaris FACHB-8 and Chlorella sp. FACHB-31, were selected based on their better growth performances, higher tolerance to wastewater (up to 100%), and better nutrient removal abilities. The capacity of each strain to remove TN, TP, NH4+-N, as well as lipid production and biomass composition in 100% ADSW were further examined. After 15 days of culture, 87.68~89.85%, 92.61~93.68%, and 97.02~97.86% of the nitrogen, phosphorus, and ammonia nitrogen were removed by Chlorella sp. FACHB-31 and C. vulgaris FACHB-8. Their lipid content and lipid productivities were 29.63~33.33% and 18.91~23.10 mg L−1 d−1, respectively. Proteins were both the major biomass fraction followed by lipids and then carbohydrates. Their fatty acid profiles both mainly consisted of C-16:0, C-18:1, C-18:0, and C-18:2. Taken together, our results suggest that C. vulgaris FACHB-8 and Chlorella sp. FACHB-31 are potential candidates for biodiesel production by using ADSW as a good feedstock.

scholarly journals Isolation and Optimization of Lipid Production from Drechslera Sp. and Feasibility of using Orange Peel as a Substrate for Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1019-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadeel Said El-Shall
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Statistical Designs ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Optimized Conditions

This study deals with isolation and optimization of soil origin fungus Drechslera sp. with valued unsaturated fatty acids using orange peel as a substrate. Accordingly, to maximize oil production, various parameters were optimized using 'one variable at a time' strategy followed by employing statistical designs (Plackett-Burman (PBD) & Response surface methodology (RSM)). The results showed that incubation time, FeSO4, pH and yeast extract were the most significant factors influencing lipid accumulation. Therefore, RSM employed to optimize their concentrations. The optimum parameter values were:  incubation time 144 h, FeSO4 0.015 g/L, pH 8.5 and yeast extract 2 g/L. Under the optimized conditions, a total biomass of 12 g/L with a lipid content of 40.75 % (corresponding to a lipid yield of 4.89 g/L) was achieved. The fatty acid profile revealed production of 41.99 % of unsaturated fatty acids. The feasibility of utilizing orange peel as a sole carbon source proved that it represents a potentially valuable source of single cell oil (SCO) with oil yield of 3.65 g/L. Its FAME profile revealed an increment of unsaturated fatty acids up to 58.86% with desirable amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) 33.31 %, this making it as ideal substrate for production of unsaturated fatty acids.

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