scholarly journals Detecting and Analyzing the Increase of High-Rising Buildings to Monitor the Dynamic of the Xiong’an New Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4355
Author(s):  
Liwei Li ◽  
Jinming Zhu ◽  
Lianru Gao ◽  
Gang Cheng ◽  
Bing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Convolutional Networks ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Fully Convolutional Networks ◽  
Transportation Accessibility ◽  
Urban Dynamic

As an effort to monitor the urban dynamic of the Xiong’an new area, this paper proposed a novel procedure to detect the increase of High-Rising Buildings (HRBs) from multi-temporal Sentinel-2 data based on Fully Convolutional Networks. The procedure was applied to detect the increase of HRBs between 2017 and 2019 in 39 counties in the center of the Xiong’an new area. The detected increases were validated and then analyzed in terms of their quantities, spatial distribution and driving forces at the county level. The results indicate that our method can effectively detect the increase of HRBs in large urban areas. The quantity and spatial distribution of the increased HRBs varies a lot in the 39 counties. Most of the increase is located in the north-east and the mid-west of the study region. As to the driving forces, it seems that no single factor can fully explain the increase. Among the five selected factors, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and transportation accessibility have clear high impacts than others. Number of Permanent Residents (NPR) and policy follow as the secondary group. The terrain has the lowest influence on the increase. Our method provides a useful tool to dynamically monitor HRBs in large areas and also the increase of HRBs can be employed as a new indicator to characterize urban development.

scholarly journals The participatory vernacular web and regional dialect grammar

English Today ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Michael Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Standard English ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Regional Dialect

English dialects demonstrate considerable variation in their pronominal systems (see for example Trudgill & Chambers, 1991 and Hernández, 2011). In England, pronouns in the north east of the country – the urban areas of Tyne and Wear and Teesside and the counties of Durham and Northumberland (hereafter NEE) – are often different from those found in Standard English (SE). The most extensive modern accounts of NEE pronouns are Beal (1993) and Beal, Burbano–Elizondo and Llamas (2012), but because they appear in chapters dealing with a wide range of morphosyntactic topics, the coverage is necessarily brief. This article is able to offer a more detailed overview of the morphology of NEE pronouns, based on a sizeable naturalistic corpus of vernacular writing.

scholarly journals Central Business District of St. Petersburg 1869–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
Константин Аркадьевич Холодилин ◽  
Леонид Эдуардович Лимонов
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
City Center ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Business District ◽  
The City

The city center is at the core of urban and housing economics. Many models crucially depend on it. In a market economy, the location of urban amenities, especially eating establishments, closely correlates with that of the city center and, more generally, with the Central Business District (CBD). In a centrally planned economy, the spatial distribution of those amenities is determined by the central planner and can differ significantly from a market-based distribution. Using the case of St. Petersburg (Russia), we investigate changes in the spatial distribution of eating establishments resulting from the transition from a market economy to a centrally planned one and then again to a market economy. In addition, we explore the shifts of the city center between 1895 and 2017 using eating establishments as a proxy. The spatial distribution is analyzed using a 2-D kernel density estimation. We find evidence for a substantial reduction and dispersion of eating establishments during the Soviet period. We also establish that after the October 1917 Revolution the city center of St. Petersburg moved several kilometers to the north-east.

scholarly journals Mapping of S4 Over the Arabian Peninsula During Solar Minimum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdollah Darya ◽  
Muhammad Shaikh ◽  
Ilias Fernini ◽  
Hamid AlNaimiy
Keyword(s):  
Solar Minimum ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Ionospheric Irregularities ◽  
Scintillation Index ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Amplitude Scintillation ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Side ◽  
Using Data

In this letter, we study the temporal and spatial variability of ionospheric irregularities by generating high-resolution maps of the observed amplitude scintillation index (S4) using data from a multi-constellation and multi-frequency GNSS receiver. The study region is the Arabian Peninsula, which falls under the northern crest of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). Even though the study was conducted during a solar minimum period, considerable occurrences of pre-sunset scintillation have been observed between 15-17 local time, particularly during the winter solstices. While most scintillation occurrences have been observed at low elevation (15 to 30 degrees), a considerable number of scintillation patches have been observed towards the north, east, and southeast of the receiver location, for elevation angles ranging from 40 to 60 degrees. Our analysis shows that BeiDou geostationary orbit (GEO) and inclined GEO (IGSO) satellites may have been the main contributor to the increased number of scintillation occurrences observed around the eastern side of the receiver as compared to the western side. Out of all the GNSS constellations with MEO satellites, GPS was the most impacted by amplitude scintillation, while BeiDou and Galileo satellites were the least affected. It is anticipated that the patches of ionospheric irregularities reported in this work would be further enhanced as the solar activity increases in the coming years. Therefore, this work can serve as a reference for future studies during periods of increased geomagnetic activity.

spatial distribution patterns of basking sharks on the european shelf: preliminary comparison of satellite-tag geolocation, survey and public sightings data

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 1083-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
e.j. southall ◽  
d.w. sims ◽  
j.d. metcalfe ◽  
j.i. doyle ◽  
s. fanshawe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Current Concerns ◽  
Clyde Sea ◽  
Satellite Tag

current concerns about the population levels of the basking shark (cetorhinus maximus) in the north-east atlantic have prompted a need to understand population distribution, habitat preference and centres of abundance. in this study, spatial distribution maps derived from satellite-tag geolocations, boat surveys and public sightings data were compared. the broad distribution patterns revealed by these different methods are similar, but there are considerable differences in density distributions. surface sightings data show high densities, or ‘hotspots’ in the hebridean sea, clyde sea, irish sea and close inshore around devon and cornwall. tag geolocations, in contrast, identified two areas where individuals spent considerable time outside the distributions indicated by surveys and public sightings: the celtic sea and western approaches of the english channel. the reason for this disparity and its implications for population estimates for the species are discussed.

Deep Fully Convolutional Networks for Cadastral Boundary Detection from UAV Images

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Xia ◽  
Claudio Persello ◽  
Mila Koeva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Boundary Detection ◽  
Convolutional Networks ◽  
Fully Convolutional Networks ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Uav Images ◽  
High Level

There is a growing demand for cheap and fast cadastral mapping methods to face the challenge of 70% global unregistered land rights. As traditional on-site field surveying is time-consuming and labor intensive, imagery-based cadastral mapping has in recent years been advocated by fit-for-purpose (FFP) land administration. However, owing to the semantic gap between the high-level cadastral boundary concept and low-level visual cues in the imagery, improving the accuracy of automatic boundary delineation remains a major challenge. In this research, we use imageries acquired by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) to explore the potential of deep Fully Convolutional Networks (FCNs) for cadastral boundary detection in urban and semi-urban areas. We test the performance of FCNs against other state-of-the-art techniques, including Multi-Resolution Segmentation (MRS) and Globalized Probability of Boundary (gPb) in two case study sites in Rwanda. Experimental results show that FCNs outperformed MRS and gPb in both study areas and achieved an average accuracy of 0.79 in precision, 0.37 in recall and 0.50 in F-score. In conclusion, FCNs are able to effectively extract cadastral boundaries, especially when a large proportion of cadastral boundaries are visible. This automated method could minimize manual digitization and reduce field work, thus facilitating the current cadastral mapping and updating practices.

Feeding ecology of conger eels (Conger conger) in north-east Atlantic waters

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
José C. Xavier ◽  
Yves Cherel ◽  
Carlos A. Assis ◽  
João Sendão ◽  
Teresa C. Borges
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Scomber Japonicus ◽  
Community Members ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Study Region ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Helicolenus Dactylopterus ◽  
Longline Fisheries ◽  
Conger Conger

In order to understand how marine ecosystems function, it is essential to study the trophic interactions among the community members, particularly from poorly known regions. In this study, the feeding ecology and diet of conger eels,Conger conger, an abundant fish species with commercial interest, was examined in the north-east Atlantic, off Algarve (southern Portugal) between May 2005 and August 2006. The diet was characterized by species composition, size and mass of prey. Conger eels are opportunistic feeders, cannibalistic, feeding on benthopelagic/pelagic prey (67% by mass and 71% by number) but also benthic prey (32% by mass and 29% by number). Fish (67.8±4.7% in mass) are the main prey of conger eels, followed by cephalopods (16.5±3.8%) and crustaceans (15.6±3.7%). The most numerous (identifiable) fish consumed wereCapros aper, occurring in 90% of the stomach samples that contained food and representing 1.4% in mass, andScomber japonicus, the most important fish in mass (21.1%), which occurred in 4.2% of the stomach samples that contained food. The present study shows that octopodids can play a more important role in the diet of conger eels than previously thought. Of the species preyed upon by conger eels, six species (21% of the total prey taxa) are caught commercially(Trachurus trachurus, Scomber japonicus, Micromesistius poutassou, Helicolenus dactylopterusandConger conger)by local fisheries. As discards by local trawl and longline fisheries do not correspond with the diet ofC. conger, it is likely that most prey ofC. congerin rocky areas were caught actively in that study region.

scholarly journals Mapping of S4 Over the Arabian Peninsula During Solar Minimum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdollah Darya ◽  
Muhammad Shaikh ◽  
Ilias Fernini ◽  
Hamid AlNaimiy
Keyword(s):  
Solar Minimum ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Ionospheric Irregularities ◽  
Scintillation Index ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Amplitude Scintillation ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Side ◽  
Using Data

In this letter, we study the temporal and spatial variability of ionospheric irregularities by generating high-resolution maps of the observed amplitude scintillation index (S4) using data from a multi-constellation and multi-frequency GNSS receiver. The study region is the Arabian Peninsula, which falls under the northern crest of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). Even though the study was conducted during a solar minimum period, considerable occurrences of pre-sunset scintillation have been observed between 15-17 local time, particularly during the winter solstices. While most scintillation occurrences have been observed at low elevation (15 to 30 degrees), a considerable number of scintillation patches have been observed towards the north, east, and southeast of the receiver location, for elevation angles ranging from 40 to 60 degrees. Our analysis shows that BeiDou geostationary orbit (GEO) and inclined GEO (IGSO) satellites may have been the main contributor to the increased number of scintillation occurrences observed around the eastern side of the receiver as compared to the western side. Out of all the GNSS constellations with MEO satellites, GPS was the most impacted by amplitude scintillation, while BeiDou and Galileo satellites were the least affected. It is anticipated that the patches of ionospheric irregularities reported in this work would be further enhanced as the solar activity increases in the coming years. Therefore, this work can serve as a reference for future studies during periods of increased geomagnetic activity.

scholarly journals Mapping of S4 Over the Arabian Peninsula During Solar Minimum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdollah Darya ◽  
Muhammad Shaikh ◽  
Ilias Fernini ◽  
Hamid AlNaimiy
Keyword(s):  
Solar Minimum ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Ionospheric Irregularities ◽  
Scintillation Index ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Amplitude Scintillation ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Side ◽  
Using Data

In this letter, we study the temporal and spatial variability of ionospheric irregularities by generating high-resolution maps of the observed amplitude scintillation index (S4) using data from a multi-constellation and multi-frequency GNSS receiver. The study region is the Arabian Peninsula, which falls under the northern crest of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). Even though the study was conducted during a solar minimum period, considerable occurrences of pre-sunset scintillation have been observed between 15-17 local time, particularly during the winter solstices. While most scintillation occurrences have been observed at low elevation (15 to 30 degrees), a considerable number of scintillation patches have been observed towards the north, east, and southeast of the receiver location, for elevation angles ranging from 40 to 60 degrees. Our analysis shows that BeiDou geostationary orbit (GEO) and inclined GEO (IGSO) satellites may have been the main contributor to the increased number of scintillation occurrences observed around the eastern side of the receiver as compared to the western side. Out of all the GNSS constellations with MEO satellites, GPS was the most impacted by amplitude scintillation, while BeiDou and Galileo satellites were the least affected. It is anticipated that the patches of ionospheric irregularities reported in this work would be further enhanced as the solar activity increases in the coming years. Therefore, this work can serve as a reference for future studies during periods of increased geomagnetic activity.

Cultivated Lands within Urban Area

2013 ◽  
pp. 143-157
Author(s):  
G. Mauro
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Several studies put in evidence the relevant role of cultivated lands in the urban areas. Using GIS methodologies in order to map agricultural areas near or within the town, it is possible to analyze their relationship with the urban area. In this study, the author used several different cartography sources, like digital cartography and orthophotos, in order to locate the urban domestic gardens and the terraced landscapes accurately. The study area is a medium city of a North-East Region of Italy, Trieste. Built on a hill morphology, it had a great and fast growth in the 19th and 20th centuries. These changes deeply transformed its landform, mainly reducing its surrounding cultivated lands. At present, the residual terraced landscapes are mainly placed in the north side of the city and they represent a kind of “cultural heritage.” On the contrary, the most important garden areas are located in the terrain embankments of the south suburban areas.

Nigeria's infrastructure plans face an uphill battle

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Plans ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Telecommunications Infrastructure ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Capital Spending ◽  
The Government

Subject Outlook for the infrastructure sector in Nigeria. Significance On December 22, President Muhammadu Buhari announced he would more than triple capital spending, from 557 billion naira (2.8 billion dollars) in 2015 to 1.8 trillion in 2016. It forms part of wider plans to stimulate GDP growth (which has slumped from 6.3% in 2014 to 4.0% in 2015) by raising infrastructure investment, notably via a new dedicated 4.98-trillion-naira infrastructure fund. Impacts Airport privatisation, scheduled for 2016, will fail to improve management and funding, unless accompanied by sound business plans. Rapid urbanisation will place growing pressure on sanitation infrastructure in major urban areas such as Lagos and Port Harcourt. If the government opts to reduce cash payments to Niger Delta militants, they may resume attacks on oil pipeline infrastructure. Threats from Boko Haram in the north-east will limit prospects for expanding telecommunications infrastructure there.

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