scholarly journals Effects and Mechanisms of Phosphate Activation in Paddy Soil by Phosphorus Activators

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3917
Author(s):  
Huanli Yao ◽  
Xian Chen ◽  
Junying Yang ◽  
Jihong Li ◽  
Jiale Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Loss ◽  
P Fertilizers

Phosphorus (P) build-up in agricultural soils as a consequence of excessive P fertilizer application necessitates the exploration of soil P pool for crop supply. We conducted a soil incubation experiment, pot experiments, and field experiments to study the effects of different P activators (Pas) (humic acid, lignosulfonate sodium, and biochemical humic acid) on soil phosphate fraction, rice yield, and P loss. Through chemical analyses and microbial community structure measurement, we found that Pas significantly increased paddy soil water-soluble P (WSP), available P, Fe-P, and relative abundances of P-mineralizing and P-solubilizing microorganisms, whereas they decreased Al-P and microbial alpha diversity. Our pot experiment results showed that the application of Pas significantly reduced soil P loss and resulted in grain yield comparable to those obtained by fertilization with P fertilizers, and significantly higher than those in the control plants. The results of the field experiment suggested that Pas are able to increase rice yield more significantly than P fertilizers and improve the P utilization efficiency of rice plants. We conclude that application of Pas was more effective in reducing P leaching, soil total P, WSP, and Olsen P than P fertilizers during rice harvest.

scholarly journals Phosphorus forms and their distribution under long-term no tillage systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Kai Wei ◽  
Zhenhua Chen ◽  
Xiaoping Zhang ◽  
Lijun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Loss ◽  
Phosphorus Forms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mouldboard Plough ◽  
P Fertilizers

Phosphorus (P) stratification in no-tillage (NT) systems has important implications for crop growth and potential P loss, but little is known about P forms and their distribution when mineral P fertilizers are placed to the depth of 5 cm in NT soil. A 10-year field experiment was used to study the effect of NT and mouldboard plough (MP) on soil P forms at three depths (0–5, 5–10 and 10–20 cm) and their relationship with Fe and Al oxides. The results indicated that stratification of organic P forms occurred under NT treatment, and Fe oxides may have a stronger capacity for adsorbing the P forms. When mineral P fertilizers were placed to the depth of 5 cm under NT treatment, there was no significant difference in P forms or crop yield between NT and MP treatment, and orthophosphate did not show any significant difference under NT treatment between 0–5 cm and 5–10 cm depth. Overall, the agricultural management practice that mineral P fertilizers are placed to the depth of 5 cm under NT treatment could result in stratification of P forms, while the changes in the distribution of P forms in soil profiles might help reduce potential P loss in surface runoff and do not make any difference to crop growth.

scholarly journals Application of Single Superphosphate with Humic Acid Improves the Growth, Yield and Phosphorus Uptake of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Calcareous Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Izhar Shafi ◽  
Muhammad Adnan ◽  
Shah Fahad ◽  
Fazli Wahid ◽  
Ahsan Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
P Fertilizers

In calcareous soil, the significant portion of applied phosphorus (P) fertilizers is adsorbed on the calcite surface and becomes unavailable to plants. Addition of organic amendments with chemical fertilizers can be helpful in releasing the absorbed nutrients from these surfaces. To check out this problem, a field experiment was conducted for two years to determine the effect of P fertilizers and humic acid (HA) in enhancing P availability in soil and their ultimate effect on growth, yield and P uptake of wheat in calcareous soils. The experiment was comprised of five levels of P (0, 45, 67.5, 90 and 112.5 kg P2O5 ha−1) as a single superphosphate (SSP) and 2 levels of locally produced humic acid (with and without HA) arranged in a two factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Wheat plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain, straw and biological yield were significantly improved by the addition of HA with SSP. Very often, the performance of 67.5 kg P2O5 ha−1 with HA were either similar or better than 90 or even 112.5 kg P2O5 ha−1 applied without HA. Post-harvest soil organic matter, AB-DTPA extractable and water-soluble P, plant P concentration and its uptake were also significantly improved by the addition of HA with SSP compared to sole SSP application. It was evident that P efficiency could be increased with HA addition and it has the potential to improve crop yield and plants P uptake in calcareous soils.

scholarly journals Effects of Biochar Application on Soil Organic Carbon Composition and Enzyme Activity in Paddy Soil under Water-Saving Irrigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihong Yang ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Zewei Jiang ◽  
Jie Ding ◽  
Xiao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
High Yield

Rice water-saving irrigation technology can remarkably reduce irrigation water input and maintain high yield; however, this technology can also accelerate the decomposition of soil organic matter in paddy fields. The spatial and temporal distributions of soil organic carbon (SOC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), and soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) under different water-carbon regulation scenarios were analyzed on the basis of field experiments in the Taihu Lake region in China to explore the effects of biochar application on SOC and its components in water-saving irrigation paddy fields. The response of soil catalase (CAT) and invertase (INV) to biochar application in water-saving irrigated rice fields was clarified. The results showed that water-saving irrigation reduced the SOC content by 5.7% to 13.3% but increased WSOC and SMBC contents by 13.8% to 26.1% and 0.9% to 11.1%, respectively, as compared with flooding irrigation. Nonflooding management promoted the oxidative decomposition of soil organic matter. Two years after straw biochar was added, paddy soil SOC content under water-saving irrigation was increased by 4.0% to 26.7%. The WSOC and SMBC contents were also increased by 4.0% to 52.4% and 7.0% to 40.8%, respectively. The high straw biochar addition rate exhibited great impact on SOC. Remarkable correlations among SOC, WSOC, and SMBC were observed, indicating that the addition of straw biochar improved soil labile C, such as WSOC and SMBC, which promoted SOC transformation and stability in paddy soil under water-saving irrigation. Soil CAT and INV were related to SOC conversion. In conclusion, the combination of water-saving irrigation and straw biochar addition was beneficial to the improvement of soil properties and fertility of paddy fields.

scholarly journals Exploring phosphorus fertilizers and fertilization strategies for improved human and environmental health

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem S. Bindraban ◽  
Christian O. Dimkpa ◽  
Renu Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Fertilizers

AbstractMineral phosphorus (P) fertilizers support high crop yields and contribute to feeding the teeming global population. However, complex edaphic processes cause P to be immobilized in soil, hampering its timely and sufficient availability for uptake by plants. The resultant low use efficiency of current water-soluble P fertilizers creates significant environmental and human health problems. Current practices to increase P use efficiency have been inadequate to curtail these problems. We advocate for the understanding of plant physiological processes, such as physiological P requirement, storage of excess P as phytate, and plant uptake mechanisms, to identify novel ways of designing and delivering P fertilizers to plants for improved uptake. We note the importance and implications of the contrasting role of micronutrients such as zinc and iron in stimulating P availability under low soil P content, while inhibiting P uptake under high P fertilization; this could provide an avenue for managing P for plant use under different P fertilization regimes. We argue that the improvement of the nutritional value of crops, especially cereals, through reduced phytic acid and increased zinc and iron contents should be among the most important drivers toward the development of innovative fertilizer products and fertilization technologies. In this paper, we present various pathways in support of this argument. Retuning P fertilizer products and application strategies will contribute to fighting hunger and micronutrient deficiencies in humans. Moreover, direct soil P losses will be reduced as a result of improved P absorption by plants.

scholarly journals Effect of Digestate and Straw Combined Application on Maintaining Rice Production and Paddy Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5714
Author(s):  
Xue Hu ◽  
Hongyi Liu ◽  
Chengyu Xu ◽  
Xiaomin Huang ◽  
Min Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Combined Application

Few studies have focused on the combined application of digestate and straw and its feasibility in rice production. Therefore, we conducted a two-year field experiment, including six treatments: without nutrients and straw (Control), digestate (D), digestate + fertilizer (DF), digestate + straw (DS), digestate + fertilizer + straw (DFS) and conventional fertilizer + straw (CS), to clarify the responses of rice growth and paddy soil nutrients to different straw and fertilizer combinations. Our results showed that digestate and straw combined application (i.e., treatment DFS) increased rice yield by 2.71 t ha−1 compared with the Control, and digestate combined with straw addition could distribute more nitrogen (N) to rice grains. Our results also showed that the straw decomposition rate at 0 cm depth under DS was 5% to 102% higher than that under CS. Activities of catalase, urease, sucrase and phosphatase at maturity under DS were all higher than that under both Control and CS. In addition, soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN) under DS and DFS were 20~26% and 11~12% higher than that under B and DF respectively, suggesting straw addition could benefit paddy soil quality. Moreover, coupling straw and digestate would contribute to decrease the N content in soil surface water. Overall, our results demonstrated that digestate and straw combined application could maintain rice production and have potential positive paddy environmental effects.

scholarly journals Roles of Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms from Managing Soil Phosphorus Deficiency to Mediating Biogeochemical P Cycle

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Jiang Tian ◽  
Fei Ge ◽  
Dayi Zhang ◽  
Songqiang Deng ◽  
Xingwang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
P Fertilizers ◽  
P Cycle

Phosphorus (P) is a vital element in biological molecules, and one of the main limiting elements for biomass production as plant-available P represents only a small fraction of total soil P. Increasing global food demand and modern agricultural consumption of P fertilizers could lead to excessive inputs of inorganic P in intensively managed croplands, consequently rising P losses and ongoing eutrophication of surface waters. Despite phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) are widely accepted as eco-friendly P fertilizers for increasing agricultural productivity, a comprehensive and deeper understanding of the role of PSMs in P geochemical processes for managing P deficiency has received inadequate attention. In this review, we summarize the basic P forms and their geochemical and biological cycles in soil systems, how PSMs mediate soil P biogeochemical cycles, and the metabolic and enzymatic mechanisms behind these processes. We also highlight the important roles of PSMs in the biogeochemical P cycle and provide perspectives on several environmental issues to prioritize in future PSM applications.

scholarly journals Field evaluation of water or citrate soluble phosphorus in modified phosphate rocks for soybean

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Ignácio Prochnow ◽  
José Francisco da Cunha ◽  
Ariel Francisco Candiotti Ventimiglia
Keyword(s):  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Standard Source ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Fertilizers ◽  
P Sources

Ten P fertilizers were collected (commercial fertilizers) or synthesized (experimental sources) in order to obtain single superphosphates varying in water and citrate solubility. A standard source of P was also produced by crystallization of the water-soluble fraction of a triple superphosphate. Eleven P sources were band applied to a medium textured Xanthic Hapludox, in Bahia, Brazil (low content of resin-extractable P) at a rate of 80 kg ha-1 of NAC + H2O (neutral ammonium citrate plus water) soluble P2O5, with soybean as the crop which was grown to maturity. A check plot (control) was included in the study. Three of the P sources [single superphosphate produced from Araxa phosphate rock (PR), low-grade single superphosphate produced from Lagamar PR and the standard source of P] were also applied at rates to provide 40 and 120 kg ha-1 of NAC + H2O soluble P2O5. Yield of soybean was evaluated by analysis of variance with mean comparison performed utilizing LSD lines, considering the P sources applied at a rate of 80 kg ha-1 of P2O5 + control. Regression procedures were used to study the relation between yield of soybean and rates of P2O5. The fertilizers tested performed equally well as a source of P for soybean. The level of water-soluble P did not influence fertilizer performance.

scholarly journals Respiration, Rather Than Photosynthesis, Determines Rice Yield Loss Under Moderate High-Temperature Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangyan Li ◽  
Tingting Chen ◽  
Baohua Feng ◽  
Shaobing Peng ◽  
Longxing Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Maintenance Respiration ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Temperature Conditions

Photosynthesis is an important biophysical and biochemical reaction that provides food and oxygen to maintain aerobic life on earth. Recently, increasing photosynthesis has been revisited as an approach for reducing rice yield losses caused by high temperatures. We found that moderate high temperature causes less damage to photosynthesis but significantly increases respiration. In this case, the energy production efficiency is enhanced, but most of this energy is allocated to maintenance respiration, resulting in an overall decrease in the energy utilization efficiency. In this perspective, respiration, rather than photosynthesis, may be the primary contributor to yield losses in a high-temperature climate. Indeed, the dry matter weight and yield could be enhanced if the energy was mainly allocated to the growth respiration. Therefore, we proposed that engineering smart rice cultivars with a highly efficient system of energy production, allocation, and utilization could effectively solve the world food crisis under high-temperature conditions.

Water-soluble mercury induced by organic amendments affected microbial community assemblage in mercury-polluted paddy soil

Chemosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 124405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hualing Hu ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Guoxi Wang ◽  
Marios Drosos ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Community Assemblage

scholarly journals The influence of long-term sewage sludge application on the activity of phosphatases in the rhizosphere of plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Balík ◽  
D. Pavlíková ◽  
V. Vaněk ◽  
M. Kulhánek ◽  
B. Kotková
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatases ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Soluble P

Model experiments using rhizoboxes were carried out in order to evaluate the influence of different plants (wheat, rape) on the changes in water extractable contents of P, the pH/H2O value and the activity of acidic and alkaline phosphatase in soil of plant rhizosphere. For this experiment, a Cambisol with different long-term fertilizing systems was used: (i) control (with no fertilizer application), (ii) sewage sludge, and (iii) manure. A lower content of water-soluble P was observed in close vicinities of root surfaces (up to 2 mm) at all the studied variants. The control (non-treated) variant reflected a significantly lower content of water-soluble P in the rhizosphere compared to the fertilized ones. The activities of the acidic and alkaline phosphatases were significantly higher in the rhizosphere compared to the bulk soil (soil outside the rhizosphere). The long-term application of organic fertilizers significantly increased phosphatase activity; the activity of the acidic phosphatase was significantly higher in the rhizosphere of rape plants compared to wheat. The variant treated with manure exhibited an increased activity of both the acidic and alkaline phosphatases compared to the variant treated with sewage sludge. In the case of the variant treated long-term with sewage sludge, the portion of inorganic P to total soil P content proportionally increased compared to the manure-treated variant. Soil of the rape rhizosphere showed a trend of lower pH/H<sub>2</sub>O value of all variants, whereas the wheat rhizosphere showed an opposite pH tendency.

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