scholarly journals Quantitative Determination of Some Parameters in the Tennant Method and Its Application to Sustainability: A Case Study of the Yarkand River, Xinjiang, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3699
Author(s):  
Aihong Fu ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Zhaoxia Ye
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Riverine Ecosystems ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Tennant Method ◽  
Monthly Runoff ◽  
Inland Rivers ◽  
Parameter Values

Analysis of basic eco-environmental water requirements (BEEWRs) along inland rivers characterized by extreme aridity can provide a theoretical basis for sustaining riverine ecosystems stressed by increasingly dry conditions and human activity. In the past, analyzing the ecological base flow as determined by the Tennant method was the predominant method used to calculate the BEEWR of a river. However, some parameter values within this method are determined subjectively, increasing uncertainty in the estimated values. In this paper, quantitative methods for these subjectively determined parameters are proposed and used to analyze the BEEWR of the Yarkand River, Xinjiang, China. The results demonstrate that: (1) the flood and non-flood seasons of a river can be delineated by analyzing the increase rate of monthly runoff as compared to the monthly runoff of the previous month; (2) the ecological base flow standard in the Tennant method can be more quantitatively determined by comparing the BEEWR for each ecological base flow standard to the annual average river loss, where the BEEWR must exceed the annual average river loss; and (3) BEEWRs of other up- and downstream river reaches can be obtained using the formula “BEEWR in the next downstream section equals the BEEWR in the last section minus the river loss between these two sections”.

scholarly journals Sigmoidal water retention function with improved behaviour in dry and wet soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 983-1007
Author(s):  
Gerrit Huibert de Rooij ◽  
Juliane Mai ◽  
Raneem Madi
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Soil Water Retention Curve ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Deep Drainage ◽  
Infinite Slope ◽  
Original Curve ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Conductivity Curve ◽  
Parameter Values

Abstract. A popular parameterized soil water retention curve (SWRC) has a hydraulic conductivity curve associated with it that can have a physically unacceptable infinite slope at saturation. The problem was eliminated before by giving the SWRC a non-zero air entry value. This improved version still has an asymptote at the dry end, which limits its usefulness for dry conditions and causes its integral to diverge for commonly occurring parameter values. We therefore joined the parameterizations' sigmoid midsection to a logarithmic dry section ending at zero water content for a finite matric potential, as was done previously for a power-law-type SWRC. We selected five SWRC parameterizations that had been proven to produce unproblematic near-saturation conductivities and fitted these and our new curve to data from 21 soils. The logarithmic dry branch gave more realistic extrapolations into the dry end of both the retention and the conductivity curves than an asymptotic dry branch. We tested the original curve, its first improvement, and our second improvement by feeding them into a numerical model that calculated evapotranspiration and deep drainage for nine combinations of soils and climates. The new curve was more robust than the other two. The new curve was better able to produce a conductivity curve with a substantial drop during the early stages of drying than the earlier improvement. It therefore generated smaller amounts of more evenly distributed deep drainage compared to the spiked response to rainfall produced by the earlier improvement.

Economic and Ecological Benefits on the Implementation of Integrated Water Allocation in the Yellow River

2012 ◽  
Vol 212-213 ◽  
pp. 560-563
Author(s):  
Chen Guang Xu ◽  
Mai Huan Zhao ◽  
Li Yuan He
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Basin ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Ecological Benefits ◽  
The Yellow River Basin

Integrated water allocation in the Yellow River has played an important role in maintaining the healthy life of the Yellow River and realizing its functionally unabated flow. After the integrated water allocation, the average surface water consumption in the Yellow River Basin decreased 46*108 m3, the average annual benefits reached 12.643 billion Yuan, and the GDP accumulatively increased 3504*108 Yuan. The Yellow River has flowed unabated for 10 successive years, and the eco-environmental water consumption in the lower reaches during the non-flood season has increased 14.6*108 m3, which guaranteed the base flow of the Yellow River

Calculation of Eco-Environmental Water Demand for River Dalinghe

2014 ◽  
Vol 535 ◽  
pp. 276-280
Author(s):  
Lin Fei Zhou ◽  
Qian Zhong ◽  
Zhi Cheng Xi ◽  
Qian Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Water ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
Environmental Function ◽  
Concentration Method ◽  
Consumptive Water ◽  
Environmental Water Demand

According to the characteristics of north river, this paper used the minimum monthly average runoff method, the environmental function setter method and the annual average sediment concentration method to calculate the eco-environmental water requirement of mainstream of River Dalinghe. The results showed that: the non-consumptive water requirement was 4.46×108m3 for Shangwobao Station, 8.87×108m3 for Chaoyang Station, 13.96×108m3 for Yixian Station and 7.26×108m3 for Linghai Station per year; the evaporative water requirement was 0.019×108m3, and the leakage water requirement was not taken into account in the consumptive water requirement. The eco-environmental water requirement of mainstream of River Dalinghe can not be satisfied basically, the management department should control the disposal of sewage strictly for it.

scholarly journals Stability and nonlinear regimes of flow over a saturated porous medium

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Lyubimova ◽  
D. T. Baydina ◽  
D. V. Lyubimov
Keyword(s):  
Porous Medium ◽  
Saturated Porous Medium ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Nonlinear Flow ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Neutral Stability ◽  
Steady Plane ◽  
Stability Of Water ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Nonlinear Regimes

Abstract. The paper deals with the investigation of stability and nonlinear regimes of flow over the saturated porous medium applied to the problem of stability of water flow over the bottom covered with vegetation. It is shown that the velocity profile of steady plane-parallel flow has two inflection points, which results in instability of this flow. The neutral stability curves, the dependencies of critical Reynolds number and the wave number of most dangerous perturbations on the ratio of porous layer thickness to the total thickness are obtained. The nonlinear flow regimes are investigated numerically by finite difference method. It is found that at supercritical parameter values waves travelling in the direction of the base flow take place.

Comparison and regionalization of hydrologically based instream flow techniques in Atlantic Canada

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Caissie ◽  
Nassir El-Jabi
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
Ungauged Basins ◽  
Instream Flow ◽  
Regional Study ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Tennant Method

Five hydrologically based instream flow assessment methods are compared for 70 rivers in Atlantic Canada; these methods included (i) Tennant method; (ii) 25% mean annual flow (25% MAF); (iii) median monthly flow (Q50) which includes the aquatic base flow (ABF); (iv) the flow equalled or exceeded 90% of time on a monthly flow duration curve (Q90); and (v) the statistical 7-day low flow frequency of a 10-year recurrence interval (7Q10). By comparing the different methods relative to the 25% MAF (the commonly used method in Atlantic Canada), we found that the Q90 and 7Q10 methods predicted extremely low instream flows during winter and summer months. Resource management decisions based on these extremely low flow predictions could have serious adverse consequences. The median monthly flow method (Q50) was recommended for gauged basins, whereas the Tennant method, the 25% MAF method, and the ABF methods were recommended for ungauged basins. For ungauged basins, we conducted a regional study to estimate the 25% MAF and the ABF using multiple regression analysis. Physiographic parameters were used as explanatory variables in the regression analysis. Based on the coefficient of determination, R2, the best regression results were obtained for the 25% MAF with R2 ranging from 0.957 to 0.999. Although the results for ABF were slightly lower than for the 25% MAF, R2 was still in the range of 0.868 to 0.979. Key words: environmental assessment, maintenance flow, low flow, aquatic resources.

scholarly journals The Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Base Flow of the Hexi Inland Rivers

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Yuxin Lei ◽  
Xiaohui Jiang ◽  
Wenjie Geng ◽  
Jinyan Zhang ◽  
Huan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
Inland Rivers

The climate is becoming warmer and more humid in the inland area of northwestern China. In addition, human activities have changed the underlying surface of the river basin, and the instability of the runoff changes has intensified. As a component of river runoff, the base flow reflects the impacts of climate change and human activities. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out research on the change in the base flow and its influencing factors in the context of climate change and human activities. In this study, a base flow method suitable for the inland rivers in northwestern China was assessed, and the variation rules and influencing factors of the base flow were analyzed. The results reveal that since the 1980s, the base flow of the Hexi inland rivers has exhibited an increasing trend, and the growth rate has exhibited the following order: western > central > eastern. The Base Flow Index (the proportion of the base flow to the total runoff in a period) values are in the range of 0.45–0.65. Overall, the change in the base flow of the Hexi inland rivers is the result of the coupling of climate factors and land-use change. The influence of land-use change on the base flow of the Hexi inland rivers gradually weakens from east to west, except for the Xiying River, while the influence of climate change gradually increases. The contribution rates of land-use change to the base flow in the eastern, central, and western regions were 75%, 55%, and 27%. Temperature and precipitation are the main climate factors affecting the change in the base flow in the western and central regions, respectively.

scholarly journals Basic and target eco-environment water requirements of a dry inland river under typical flow frequencies in China

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8285
Author(s):  
Aihong Fu ◽  
Weihong Li ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Yifei Bai
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Allocation Strategy ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Water Resource Allocation ◽  
Inland River ◽  
Resource Allocation Strategy

Analysis of eco-environmental water requirements (EEWRs) and water resource allocation strategies for arid, inland river basins can provide the theoretical basis for sustainable water utilization and management. In this paper, an optimal water resource allocation strategy is proposed for Yarkand River Basin in Xinjiang, China, on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of runoff data collected between 1970 and 2016, three ecological environmental protection goals, basic eco-environmental water requirement (BEEWR) aimed at sustaining aquatic ecosystems within the river, and target eco-environmental water requirements (TEEWR) aimed at protecting various types of riparian vegetation along the river. The results showed that: (1) after the runoff in Kaqun reach subtracting the BEEWR, the annual average river loss (recharge), and the amount of water diversion for irrigation (51.43 × 108 m3) from flows along the Kaqun reach, the remaining water volume during wet years was able to meet all three TEEWRs; (2) during moderately wet years, the remaining water was capable of meeting the second and third TEEWRs; and (3) during dry and extremely dry years, there was little or no residual water available to meet TEEWRs. The proposed optimal water resource allocation strategy, based on the above findings, states that the water diversion requirement for irrigation and domestic use allocated from the total amount of runoff should not exceed the National Water Policy (Three Red Lines) standard first. Then, the BEEWR allocated from the runoff should be met second, and the annual average river loss, third. Depending on the amount of remaining water, the second and third TEEWRs can be fulfilled during wet years, but during moderately wet years, only the third TEEWR can be met. During dry and extremely dry years, only the BEEWR of the river can be met and only during the flood season.

A validation test of WEPP to predict runoff and soil loss from a pineapple farm on a sandy soil in subtropical Queensland, Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Yu ◽  
C. A. A. Ciesiolka ◽  
C. W. Rose ◽  
K. J. Coughlan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
Erosion Prediction ◽  
Water Erosion Prediction Project ◽  
Loss Prediction ◽  
Sandy Slope ◽  
Monthly Runoff ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss

Monthly runoff and soil loss simulated by WEPP (Water Erosion Prediction Project) were compared with field observations on a pineapple farm in south-east Queensland for a 3-year period. The soil at the site is sandy. Slope length and steepness are 36m and 5.5%, respectively. Three treatments, namely bare, farmers’ conventional practice, and mulching of the furrows, were used. Infiltration and erodibility parameters were determined using WEPP-recommended equations and measurable soil properties. These parameters were also calibrated using the runoff and soil loss data for the bare plot only. Apart from the soil loss prediction for the mulching treatment, for which WEPP did not perform well, the average coefficient of efficiency in runoff and soil loss predictions was –0.02 using soil property-based parameter values and 0.66 using calibrated parameter values. The corresponding r 2 values are 0.57 and 0.81, respectively. On the whole, WEPP is able to reproduce the trend and variations in runoff and soil loss among different treatments for the site. Parameter values based on measurable soil properties would greatly under-estimate the runoff and soil loss for the site. Thus, use of WEPP outside its US database requires calibration with locally obtained data. It was also found that WEPP does not seem to model effectively the situation where there is considerable flow impediment with the furrows covered with mulch. We are unable to reject WEPP because the statistical performance indicators are reasonable for the site, and because the model is so complex that it is nearly impossible to pinpoint the source of discrepancy and articulate the model deficiency on physical grounds.

scholarly journals The Effect of Reduced Flow on Downstream Water Systems Due to the Kumgangsan Dam under Dry Conditions

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee ◽  
Lee ◽  
Lee ◽  
Choi ◽  
Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Han River ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Dam Inflow

Water resource disputes for Transboundary Rivers are frequent and critical issues among countries. The Kumgangsan Dam was constructed (in North Korea) in the Transboundary River (North Han river) that affects the water resources downstream (in South Korea) of the dam. The amount of water resource (e.g., streamflow, discharge) downstream of the Kumgangsan dam has decreased after the dam construction which might cause decreased hydroelectric power and water pollution in the downstream dams, especially during the dry season. Thus, this study analyzed the changes in the inflow into the Euiam Lake (North Han River) by the construction of the Kumgangsan Dam through hydrological modeling and examined the discharge of Chuncheon Dam (inflow into Euiam Lake) considering the flow control in the Kumgangsan Dam under the dry condition scenario. In addition, the changes of base flow during different seasons were analyzed because the majority of streamflow is contributed by the base flow during dry and drought seasons. As shown in the results, it was found that the discharge from the Kumgangsan Dam has a wide effect on the downstream dams located in South Korea. The inflow of downstream dams was significantly influenced by the discharge of the upstream dam, and the base flow was also affected by the decreased discharge of dams. Based on these findings, upstream dam managements should be carefully considered to maintain the water resource and aquatic ecosystem for the downstream dam watershed. Furthermore, the results of this study can be used as the preliminary information when discussing the problems of water allocation and flood prevention with North Korea.

River management and environmental water allocation in regulated ecosystems of arid and semi-arid regions – A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-345
Author(s):  
Ehsan Atazadeh ◽  
Andrew Barton ◽  
Mozhgan Shirinpour ◽  
Mahdi Zarghami ◽  
Abbas Rajabifard
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Environmental Flows ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Riverine Ecosystems ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Ecological Benefit ◽  
Semi Arid

Rivers make a significant contribution in providing goods and services for human well-being. Today, many rivers and streams have been heavily regulated to ensure adequate provision of water resources for anthropogenic uses. Riverine ecosystems, especially those in arid and semi-arid regions, are experiencing severe stress due to the increasing demands on the ecosystem services they provide, coupled with anthropogenic catchment-scale impacts and factors associated with natural and human-induced climate variability and change. In this paper, the various flow components in regulated riverine ecosystems and the methods to determine environmental flows are reviewed. The review also focuses on the concurrent developments of eco-hydrological models and on the new opportunities for improving environmental flows of rivers by sustainably adjusting consumptive flows to fine-tune environmental flows and maximize the ecological benefit. In fact, the present paper highlights the role of consumptive flows, towards improving environmental flows, which has largely been neglected by river scientists and water managers. Indeed, consumptive flows can provide an opportunity to improve and support environmental flows in regulated riverine ecosystems. Addressing these challenges may aid water management efforts in finding sustainable solutions in riverine ecosystems by balancing environmental/ecological and human water requirements.

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