scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevention and Protection Measures to Be Adopted at the Workplace

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Cirrincione ◽  
Fulvio Plescia ◽  
Caterina Ledda ◽  
Venerando Rapisarda ◽  
Daniela Martorana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Cold Sore ◽  
Environmental Surfaces ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

SARS-CoV-2, identified in Wuhan, China, for the first time in December 2019, is a new viral strain, which has not been previously identified in humans; it can be transmitted both by air and via direct and indirect contact; however, the most frequent way it spreads is via droplets. Like the other viruses belonging to the same family of coronaviruses, it can cause from mild flu-like symptoms, such as cold, sore throat, cough and fever, to more severe ones such as pneumonia and breathing difficulties, and it can even lead to death. Since no effective specific drug therapy has been found yet, nor any vaccine capable of limiting the spread of this pathogen, it is important for ways of preventing the spread of this infection to be established. The purpose of our research was to provide a protocol to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection in light of the limited information related to this coronavirus. In detail, we analysed and searched targeted evidence-based guidelines issued in the various countries affected by this epidemic up till now. In addition, we analyzed the recommendations for the prevention and control of other epidemics caused by other pathogens belonging to the same family of coronaviruses or others that present the same mechanisms of transmission. General organizational measures regarding the containment and management of the epidemiological emergency of COVID-19 have been imposed by the competent authorities for an adequate and proportionate management of the evolution of the epidemiological situation. The prevention and protection organizational measures therefore aim to minimize the probability of being exposed to SARS-CoV-2. For this purpose, measures must also be taken at work to avoid new infections or even the spread of the virus where it has already been present. Furthermore, environmental measures are aimed at reducing the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to individuals through contact with infected subjects, objects, equipment, or contaminated environmental surfaces. Protective devices must be used whenever there is potentially close contact with a suspect case, especially when the potentially infected person does not wear a surgical mask that could reduce the spread of viruses in the environment. By adopting this specific prevention and protection measures recommended in the workplace, it will be possible to help overcome this COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Aerosol and environmental surface monitoring for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in a designated hospital for severe COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. H. Li ◽  
Y. Z. Fan ◽  
L. Jiang ◽  
H. B. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Air Sampler ◽  
Environmental Surfaces ◽  
Environmental Surface ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
And Control

Abstract There is limited information concerning the viral load of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in aerosols deposited on environmental surfaces and the effectiveness of infection prevention and control procedures on eliminating SARS-CoV-2 contamination in hospital settings. We examined the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosol samples and on environmental surfaces in a hospital designated for treating severe COVID-19 patients. Aerosol samples were collected by a microbial air sampler, and environmental surfaces were sampled using sterile premoistened swabs at multiple sites. Ninety surface swabs and 135 aerosol samples were collected. Only two swabs, sampled from the inside of a patient's mask, were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. All other swabs and aerosol samples were negative for the virus. Our study indicated that strict implementation of infection prevention and control procedures was highly effective in eliminating aerosol and environmental borne SARS-CoV-2 RNA thereby reducing the risk of cross-infection in hospitals.

The Effects of Corporate Ownership on Public Accountants' Professionalism and Ethics

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Shafer ◽  
D. Jordan Lowe ◽  
Timothy J. Fogarty
Keyword(s):  
Current Trend ◽  
Auditor Independence ◽  
Corporate Ownership ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Public Accounting ◽  
Corporate Acquisitions ◽  
Accounting Professionals ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

The current trend toward corporate acquisitions of CPA firms poses potential threats to the autonomy and ethical standards of public accounting professionals. This recent consolidation movement suggests that for the first time a significant number of public accounting professionals are subject to the supervision and control of nonprofessionals. In addition to acknowledging the potential threats to auditor independence and objectivity, this paper suggests that these new organizational arrangements for the provision of public accounting services have other negative effects on professionalism and ethics such as desensitizing CPAs to traditional professional values, and subverting professional institutions to the goals of corporate employers. This paper develops a framework that identifies several specific research questions related to the effects of corporate ownership on professionalism and ethics in public accounting.

Pandora’s box in the dental clinic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Debby Ben-David ◽  
Azza Vaturi ◽  
Ester Solter ◽  
Bina Rubinovitch ◽  
Jonathan Lellouche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Dental Procedure ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Intravenous Drugs ◽  
Environmental Surfaces ◽  
Outpatient Procedures ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
And Control ◽  
Element Sequence

Abstract Background: In June 2018, the Ministry of Health received notification from 2 hospitals about 2 patients who presented with overwhelming Enterobacter kobei sepsis that developed within 24 hours after a dental procedure. We describe the investigation of this outbreak. Methods: The epidemiologic investigation included site visits in 2 dental clinics and interviews with all involved healthcare workers. Chart reviews were conducted for case and control subjects. Samples were taken from medications and antiseptics, environmental surfaces, dental water systems, and from the involved healthcare professionals. Isolate similarity was assessed using repetitive element sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR). Results: The 2 procedures were conducted in different dental clinics by different surgeons and dental technicians. A single anesthesiologist administered the systemic anesthetic in both cases. Cultures from medications, fluids and healthcare workers’ hands were negative, but E. kobei was detected from the anesthesiologist’s portable medication cart. The 2 human isolates and the environmental isolate shared the same REP-PCR fingerprinting profile. None of the 21 patients treated by the anesthesiologist in a general hospital during the same period, using the hospital’s medications, developed infection following surgery. Conclusions: An outbreak of post–dental-procedure sepsis was linked to a contaminated medication cart, emphasizing the importance of medication storage standards and strict aseptic technique when preparing intravenous drugs during anesthesia. Immediate reporting of sepsis following these outpatient procedures enabled early identification and termination of the outbreak.

Байгаль, экологийн сэдэвт монголын аман болон орчин үеийн яруу найргийн бүтээлүүд (= Произведения устной и современной поэзии о природе и экологии)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-206
Author(s):  
Alimaa A. ◽  
◽  
Tseveendorj D. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Cry For Help ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
Freshwater Reservoir ◽  
And Control

The social priorities of literature are the tribune of environmental idiology. Today, in the Mongolian literature, the direction of ecocriticism has been established. This article makes an analysis in traditional Mongolian poetry and modern poetry on the topic of nature conservation and ecology. In Mongolian folklore praise the purity of nature and the motherland. His idol of pure nature is praise and praise. But each species has its own color. The topic of nature protection in Mongolian folklore (Orthodoxy, Magtaal-praise, Tuul-epic, du-folk songs and myth) is that a person should not control and control nature but understand and convert to nature as a living creature; means that people will have a natural relationship, a balanced and safe life. Probably, there is not a single poet of Mongolia who does not address the topic of “man and nature”. Each in its own way perceives nature, and each in its own way revealing to the reader the world of nature and himself in this world. The space of the “Mongolian spirit” created by the poet is filled with natural landscapes, people, and historical memory. His ancestors and descendants, the dead and living, are called upon to preserve this space and believing that nature and civilization can exist in equal harmony, he would like to reconcile them among themselves. Therefore, the poems of Mongolian poets writing about nature sound like a distress signal, like a cry for help to nature. This is a feature. That is why Mongolian writers have initiated environmental protection measures. They stopped the construction of a chemical plant on Lake Hubsgul. The lake is the main freshwater reservoir in the world. Mongolian writers also warned that the pine forest “Tuzin Nars” was destroyed in nature every year billions of tons of waste. With such an attitude of man to nature on Earth there will soon be nothing left. There are examples of the writer C. Galsan, who planted 360 thousand trees. In this article we propose that we do not limit the observation and conclusions about the mastery of writers to the nature of the writings, but take into account personal, mental and social changes in the environment.

scholarly journals Giving Birth With Epidural Analgesia: The Experience of First-Time Mothers

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoko Hidaka ◽  
Lynn Clark Callister
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Epidural Analgesia ◽  
Epidural Administration ◽  
Birth Experience ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time ◽  
Experiences Of Women

The purpose of our qualitative descriptive study was to describe the birth experiences of women using epidural analgesia for pain management. We interviewed nine primiparas who experienced vaginal births. Five themes emerged: (a) coping with pain, (b) finding epidural administration uneventful, (c) feeling relief having an epidural, (d) experiencing joy, and (e) having unsettled feelings of ambivalence. Although epidural analgesia was found to be effective for pain relief and may contribute to some women’s satisfaction with the birth experience, it does not guarantee a quality birth experience. In order to support and promote childbearing women’s decision making, we recommend improved education on the variety of available pain management options, including their risks and benefits. Fostering a sense of caring, connection, and control in women is a key factor to ensure positive birth experiences, regardless of pain management method.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the abundance of cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) in the conditions of the altitudinal-belt heterogeneity of the North Caucasus

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 00023
Author(s):  
Nikolay Vinokurov
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
New Species ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Altitudinal Belt ◽  
The North ◽  
Short Period ◽  
First Time

The work provides data on the dynamics of the abundance of 205 taxa from 19 genera: Cleptes, Colpopyga, Elampus, Omalus, Philoctetes, Pseudomalus, Hedychridium, Hedychrum, Holopyga, Chrysidea, Chrysis, Euchroeus, Chrysura, Pseudochrysis, Spinolia, Spinolia, including species rare and new for the fauna of the North Caucasus and Russia. By the nature of the population dynamics, five groups of cuckoo wasps were identified: spring – represented by 7 species from 4 genera; spring-summer – 76 species from 10 genera; summer – 113 species from 16 genera; summer-autumn – 4 species from 2 genera and spring-summer-autumn – 5 species from 3 genus. According to the duration of flight, eurychronous species of cuckoo wasps were identified, which are found throughout the season from spring to autumn; mesochronous – the years of which affect the end of May and summer months and stenochronous – confined to a short period of time. Eurychronic accounted for 2.4%, mesochronous 24.9%, stenochronic 72.7%. The number of generations of cuckoo wasps is related to the dynamics of the number of the host. In the mountains, the peaks of activity shift towards the middle of summer, most species have one peak of activity; due to the frequent changes in weather conditions in the mountains, the phenological characteristics of the cuckoo wasps and their hosts do not coincide in terms with the lowland populations and the periods of activity can be extended in time. Phenological characteristics of rare and new species for the fauna of the North Caucasus and Russia are presented for the first time. The data obtained expand the understanding of the biodiversity and dynamics of the abundance of cuckoo wasps in the North Caucasus and can be used for environmental protection measures and rational nature management in the south of Russia.

scholarly journals Synanthedon mesiaeformis (Herrich-Schäffer) new to the Czech Republic and to Spain (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Laštůvka ◽  
Aleš Laštůvka
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Habitat Requirements ◽  
Specific Population ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Southern France ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Town

Synanthedon mesiaeformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846) has been found in the Czech Republic and in Spain for the first time. The species was found in the south-easternmost part of the Czech Republic, near the town of Břeclav (faunistic quadrat 7267) in May 2008. The holes and pupae were found only in one, solitary growing group of trees about 20 years old. This finding place lies at a distance of more than 250 km from the localities in SW Hungary and about 550 km from the localities in eastern Poland. In June 2008, the species was found also in alders growing in the flat river alluvium on gravel sands between La Jonquera and Figueres in northern Catalonia. This locality is in a close contact with the fin­ding places near Perpignan and Beziers in southern France. The diagnostic morphological characters and bionomics of this species are briefly summarized and figured. The history of its distribution research is recapitulated and the causes of its disjunct range are discussed as follows. The present disjunct range represents a residual of the former distribution over the warmer and moister postglacial period; landscape modifications and elimination of solitary alder trees as „weeds“ from the 18th up to the mid-20th century in large areas of Europe; narrow and partly unknown habitat requirements and specific population ethology; an insufficient level of faunistic investigations in several parts of sou­thern and eastern Europe.

scholarly journals In Vivo Therapeutic Effect of Triclabendazole + Levamisole on Hydatid Cyst in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Peyman Sadeghi ◽  
Yagoob Garedaghi ◽  
Mirhadi Khayatnouri ◽  
Hosein Hashemzade Farhang ◽  
Ramin Kaffash Elahi
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Hydatidosis is a global disease and one of the most dangerous zoonotic diseases which is found in areas where humans, dogs, and herbivores are in close contact with each other. Methods: In this study, a total of 64 rats were divided into control and case groups, and then 3000 protoscolices were injected into the peritoneal cavity. After 2 months, rats in the case group were given triclabendazole + levamisole at a dose of 6 mg + 4.41 mg/mL orally for 60 days, respectively. Then, after 6 months of infection, the rats of the control and case groups were killed by anesthesia and then an autopsy was performed and the viscera were carefully examined for hydatid cyst infection. Results: The results showed that in the control group, 3 cysts were observed in the liver, 10 in the kidney, and 88 in the lung. The mean number of hydatid cysts in this group was determined to be 33.6. In the case group, 2 cysts were observed in the liver, 6 in the kidney, and 64 in the lungs. The mean number of hydatid cysts in the viscera was 24 in the case group. Conclusions: Statistical analysis of the results obtained from the case and control groups showed that the therapeutic efficacy of triclabendazole + levamisole was 31%, which is not enough to treat cases of hydatid cyst.

scholarly journals A cluster of rubella in Malta, December 2007 - January 2008

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Spiteri ◽  
A-M Fenech Magrin ◽  
M Muscat
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
World Health ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
The Third ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Travel Abroad ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
And Control

A cluster of rubella has been identified by the Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit (IDCU) of Malta in the beginning of January 2008. Two men and a woman aged between 23 and 28 years were affected. The index case had onset of illness on 23 December 2007. The second case had onset of rash on 3 January and the third case displayed symptoms on 6 January 2008. Two of the three cases were laboratory-confirmed (IgM positive), the third displayed typical symptoms and was a close contact of a laboratory-confirmed case but was IgM and IgG negative. None of the affected patients had received vaccination against rubella and there was no history of recent travel abroad. All three cases were linked through a work place. Blood samples were submitted to the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, Luxembourg, for further investigations. None of the cases had any complications. To date no further cases have been identified.

scholarly journals Induction and control of the autolytic system of Escherichia coli

1982 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
M Leduc ◽  
R Kasra ◽  
J van Heijenoort
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Induction Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Escherichia Coli Cells ◽  
Carbonyl Cyanide ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time ◽  
Induced Autolysis

Various methods of inducing autolysis of Escherichia coli cells were investigated, some being described here for the first time. For the autolysis of growing cells only induction methods interfering with the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan were taken into consideration, whereas with harvested cells autolysis was induced by rapid osmotic or EDTA shock treatments. The highest rates of autolysis were observed after induction by moenomycin, EDTA, or cephaloridine. The different autolyses examined shared certain common properties. In particular, regardless of the induction method used, more or less extensive peptidoglycan degradation was observed, and 10(-2) M Mg2+ efficiently inhibited the autolytic process. However, for other properties a distinction was made between methods used for growing cells and those used for harvested cells. Autolysis of growing cells required RNA, protein, and fatty acid synthesis. No such requirements were observed with shock-induced autolysis performed with harvested cells. Thus, the effects of Mg2+, rifampicin, chloramphenicol, and cerulenin clearly suggest that distinct factors are involved in the control of the autolytic system of E. Coli. Uncoupling agents such as sodium azide, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and carbonyl-cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone used at their usual inhibiting concentration had no effect on the cephaloridine or shock-induced autolysis.

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