scholarly journals Pathways to Livable Relocation Settlements Following Disaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaye Palagi ◽  
Amy Javernick-Will
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Housing Developments ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Livable Communities ◽  
Administrative Center ◽  
Full Occupancy

Mass relocation—the transfer of communities to new housing developments—is often implemented following disasters, despite criticism that past projects have not created livable communities for residents. Livable relocation communities are those where residents experience quality housing, utilities, social infrastructure, neighborliness, safety, and a sense of permanence. Numerous conditions may support livability, such as site location, community involvement, and processes of managing construction and beneficiary transfer. We evaluated relocation communities in Tacloban City, Philippines, applying Qualitative Comparative Analysis to identify pathways, or combinations of conditions, that led to built and societal livability. We found pathways to livability generally differed between government and non-government developed sites, with the former benefiting from a slower pace and standard permitting procedures, and the latter by building fast and using scale and need to prompt improved services. An unexpected combination emerged as a pathway to societal livability—being remote and comprised of households originally from a mix of different communities—revealing a new narrative for positive social outcomes in relocation. Three conditions emerged as necessary for achieving overall livability: fast construction, full occupancy, and close proximity to an economic and administrative center. This analysis demonstrates necessary conditions and pathways that implementing agencies can reference in their quest to create livable relocation communities.

scholarly journals Efficiency Advantages and Incentive Mechanism of PPPs: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis under the Chinese Scenario

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Dong ◽  
Yali Du ◽  
Xianhua Wu
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Allocation Efficiency ◽  
The Public ◽  
Individual Effort ◽  
Bidding Process

Based on the PPP efficiency system which consists of allocation efficiency, process efficiency, and individual efficiency, we use qualitative comparison analysis of fuzzy sets to study the efficiency advantages of the public-private partnership under the Chinese scenario. The findings are as follows: (1) like public-private partnerships, Chinese-style PPPs have also failed to achieve cooperation. (2) High allocation efficiency can be achieved if competition in bidding processes can be ensured; when bidding procedures cannot be guaranteed to compete, alternatives to high allocation efficiency are either privatized or allocated directly to enterprises that can enable economies of scale; individual effort is a source of allocation efficiency. (3) Competition and economies of scale are necessary conditions for high process efficiency. The private sector’s ownership of assets is a sufficient condition for high process efficiency. (4) High individual efficiency can be achieved if individual efforts can be ensured, and high individual efficiency can also be achieved by the competition of bidding procedures or economies of scale when it is impossible to ensure high levels of individual effort. Privatization is the perfect incentive for high individual efficiency when the competition in the bidding process, individual efforts, and economies of scale cannot be guaranteed.

scholarly journals Detecting Causal Chains in Small-n Data

Field Methods ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Text Data ◽  
Sufficient And Necessary Conditions ◽  
Causal Chains ◽  
Small N ◽  
Analyze Data

The first part of this article shows that qualitative comparative analysis (QCA)—also in its most recent form as in Ragin (2008) —does not correctly analyze data generated by causal chains. The incorrect modeling of data originating from chains essentially stems from QCA’s reliance on Quine-McCluskey optimization to eliminate redundancies from sufficient and necessary conditions. Baumgartner (2009a , 2009b ) has introduced a Boolean methodology, termed coincidence analysis (CNA), which is related to QCA, yet, contrary to the latter, does not eliminate redundancies by means of Quine-McCluskey optimization. The second part of the article applies CNA to chain-generated data. It turns out that CNA successfully detects causal chains in small-[Formula: see text] data.

scholarly journals Realists and Idealists in QCA

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Q. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Standard Analysis ◽  
Sole Purpose ◽  
Data Mining Approach ◽  
Theoretical Issues

The sole purpose of the enhanced standard analysis (ESA) is to prevent so-called untenable assumptions in Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). One source of such assumptions can be statements of necessity. QCA realists, the majority of QCA researchers, have elaborated a set of criteria for meaningful claims of necessity: empirical consistency, empirical relevance, and conceptual meaningfulness. I show that once Thiem’s (2017) data mining approach to detecting supersets is constrained by adhering to those standards, no CONSOL effect of Schneider and Wagemann’s ESA exists. QCA idealists, challenging most of QCA realists’ conventions, argue that separate searches for necessary conditions are futile because the most parsimonious solution formula reveals the minimally necessary disjunction of minimally sufficient conjunctions. Engaging with this perspective, I address several unresolved empirical and theoretical issues that seem to prevent the QCA idealist position from becoming mainstream.

scholarly journals Engaging visitors of science festivals using augmented reality: asymmetrical modelling

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 769-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Olya ◽  
Timothy Hyungsoo Jung ◽  
Mandy Claudia Tom Dieck ◽  
Kisang Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Configuration Model ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Experience Economy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Visitor Satisfaction ◽  
The Uk

Purpose This paper aims to explore a complex combination of four realms of the experience economy in formulating memories and satisfaction among festival visitors by using augmented reality (AR), thus engaging visitors in the physical science experience. This study also identifies necessary conditions to achieve desired responses from visitors. Design/methodology/approach Asymmetrical modelling with fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was used to investigate causal recipes of two configurations of the experience economy and evaluation of experience leading to both high and low scores from visitor engagement. Necessary condition analysis was applied to examine necessary predictors in visitor engagement. The proposed configuration model was tested by using data obtained from visitors to science festivals in the UK. Findings Five causal recipes explained the complex conditions in which visitors were more likely engaged in AR. Aesthetics, education, entertainment and satisfaction were necessary for high engagement among festival visitors. Research limitations/implications The results from fsQCA and analyses of necessary conditions help festival organizers improve visitor satisfaction and engagement in a memorable AR experience. Originality/value This empirical study deepens current festival understanding of how visitors experience AR by exploring combinations of complex configurations of the experience economy and evaluations of visitor experience based on memories and satisfaction. Unlike symmetrical approaches, asymmetrical modelling by using fsQCA can explore recipes for both high and low scores of visitor satisfaction and engagement. This is the first empirical study investigating necessary predictors of festival visitor behaviour.

scholarly journals Recipes for a Successful Exit for Clean- and Hard-tech Startups

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
AISDL
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Development Path ◽  
The Given ◽  
Experienced Team

This study demonstrates the combinations of multiple causal factors that formulate a startup’s strategy to successfully “exit”, namely “recipes for a successful exit,” in the clean- and hard-tech sector. We identify seven key causal factors (i.e., causal conditions) that impact startup success, including commercial readiness, investor interactions, favorable industry, non-financial support, straightforward development path, experienced team, and visibility to investors. We also investigate the combinations of selective causal conditions that can provide further synergetic impact. We conduct the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) on seven US clean and hard-tech startups that exited between 2005 and 2016. The successful companies all demonstrate distinctive characteristics based on three general categories (1) robust ecosystem; (2) heavy-lifting team; or (3) external opportunity. Across these three categories, commercial readiness and strong investor interactions are necessary conditions for all exit cases. But there are important differences that drive success in each category, such as the interaction with non-financial support (in the robust ecosystem case), experienced team (in the heavy-lifting team case), and favorable industry (in the external opportunity case). Our findings are meant to support entrepreneurs in reaching an exit by optimizing the given internal and external circumstances, and policymakers to build a robust ecosystem that can increase the success rate of the clean- and hardtech development.

Sustaining Civil Peace: A Configurational Comparative Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-478
Author(s):  
Thomas Gries ◽  
Irene Palnau
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Democratic Regime ◽  
Ethnic Tensions ◽  
Autocratic Regime ◽  
Youth Bulge

AbstractWhile much work has been devoted to the causes and consequences of civil war, little has been done to explore the prerequisites for civil peace. We shift the focus from the determinants of war to the preconditions to sustain peace, and address the following question: Are there necessary or sufficient conditions for stable civil peace? We use Qualitative Comparative Analysis to approach this question. We do not find necessary conditions for civil peace, but distinct potentially sufficient paths. These are (i) the presence of a fully democratic regime and (ii) the presence of a strongly autocratic regime, with the latter further requiring either a) the absence of a youth bulge and non-miserable living conditions or b) the absence of ethnic tensions. The first type of civil peace is referred to as inherent civil peace whereas the second type is largely a result of strong repression and thus denoted coerced civil peace.

scholarly journals Social well-being and transformative service research: evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 735-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo Feng ◽  
Levent Altinay ◽  
Hossein Olya
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Supportive Services ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social

Purpose This empirical study aims to investigate the influence of socially supportive services provided by commercial senior living services on older customers’ social well-being. This study seeks to test the moderating role of social connectedness on the above associations. It explores necessary conditions and causal recipes from the combination of interactions and social connectedness to predict customers’ social well-being. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 190 older customers residing in commercial senior living services in Beijing, Shanghai and Shenyang in China. The proposed structural and configurational models were tested using structural equation modelling and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Findings The results of the model testing illustrate that peers have no influence on the social well-being of older customers. However, positive interactions with employees and outsiders are supportive resources that increase older customers’ social well-being. Social connectedness moderates the relationship between interaction with peers and the social well-being of customers. fsQCA results revealed that complex combinations of interactions and social connectedness predict social well-being. Interactions with employees, peers and outsiders appeared as necessary conditions to achieve social well-being. Originality/value This study provides evidence for how commercial senior living services can serve as a space to exchange socially supportive resources with employees and outsiders, which enhance older customers’ social well-being.

Survival strategies of SMEs amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: application of SEM and fsQCA

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sabbir Rahman ◽  
Fadi AbdelMuniem AbdelFattah ◽  
Surajit Bag ◽  
Mohammad Osman Gani
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Agility ◽  
The Impact

Purpose As a global pandemic, the COVID-19 crisis has profoundly affected the development of local firms, threatening the survival of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This study aims to present an integrated framework by investigating the impact of strategic tools (i.e. firms’ capability of business agility, marketing operational efficiency, optimisation of innovation capability [OIC], managing employees’ satisfaction and rethinking customers’ experience) on the survival strategies of SMEs amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach The current study used data from managers of SMEs and conducted an asymmetrical analysis (i.e. structural equation modelling [SEM]) to investigate the factors influencing the survival strategies of SMEs amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. This study also applied an asymmetrical approach (i.e. fuzzy sets qualitative comparative analysis-fsQCA) to explore the causal recipes and analysis of the necessary conditions to identify the factors required to achieve the expected outcome. Findings Results from SEM support all hypotheses. Results from fsQCA with the same data set show that firms’ business agility and OIC are necessary conditions for SMEs’ survival strategies. The result from fsQCA also reveals multiple sufficient conditions to succeed SMEs’ survival strategies amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Practical implications Findings prescribe how SMEs adapt to this vulnerable business condition by applying the strategic tools and recipes suggested for survival. Originality/value This research applied an innovative analysis to reveal necessary and sufficient conditions that conventional methods such as SEM have limited power. This pioneering research in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is considered novel in terms of the prescriptive strategic recipes offered to SMEs to adapt to and survive in the crisis caused by COVID-19.

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