scholarly journals Toxicity and Hazards of Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable Sunscreens to Aquatic Life of Quintana Roo, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3270
Author(s):  
Miguel Hernández-Pedraza ◽  
José Adán Caballero-Vázquez ◽  
Jorge Carlos Peniche-Pérez ◽  
Ignacio Alejandro Pérez-Legaspi ◽  
Diego Armando Casas-Beltran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Quintana Roo ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Cypridopsis Vidua

Sunscreens have spread widely into aquatic systems over the last 18 years in Quintana Roo, Mexico. This contamination is caused by intensive use as a result of leisure activities, as sunbathers apply the substances intensively (up to 83.75% of tourists and locals). Moreover, 25% of the compounds are mainly released into the water through topical products washing off. On average, 300,000 tourists arrive every week in Quintana Roo, increasing the contamination. In addition, there are no recent studies on sunscreen toxicity and the hazards this represents for the native zooplankton of Quintana Roo. In order to assess their adverse effects, acute toxicity was assessed for nine sunscreens (five non-biodegradable and four biodegradable) in four zooplankton species (Brachionus cf ibericus, Cypridopsis vidua, Diaphanocypris meridana, and Macrothrix triserialis). In total, 21 LC50 values were obtained, which are the baseline values for estimating risk and for determining the expected maximum permissible concentration. Our data on toxicity to freshwater species compared to marine species indicate that freshwater species are more sensitive than marine species. In conclusion, biodegradable sunscreen posed a moderate risk, and non-biodegradable posed a high risk. Our outcomes suggested that the maximum permissible concentrations for the contamination of sunscreens were 8.00E-05 g/L for non-biodegradable and 1.60E-04 g/L for biodegradable sunscreens.

scholarly journals Testing the possibility of using desiccators to study the aerosol effect of liquid deicing material

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 580-583
Author(s):  
Olga V. Ushakova ◽  
Irina S. Evseeva ◽  
Lev I. Tribis ◽  
Anton V. Sbitnev ◽  
Mariya A. Vodyanova
Keyword(s):  
Model Experiment ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Bidistilled Water ◽  
Aerosol Effect ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Additional Group ◽  
Daily Concentration ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Introduction. In many countries, there is an additional group of pollutants - deicing materials (DIM) in winter. Salt-containing DIM is one of the factors for increasing the content of PM2.5 and PM10 in the air. The purpose was to determine the possibility of using desiccators to study the aerosol effect of liquid deicing material, identify the chemical composition in the air at spreading liquid DIM in various ways, and establish the calculated doses for conducting a toxicological experiment to study the DIM aerosol effect on the organism of warm-blooded animals. Materials and methods. A model experiment was conducted in airtight containers (desiccators) using a liquid DIM that includes NaCl and CaCl2. All chemical compounds were captured in air pumping from the desiccator into a bubbler tank with bidistilled water and then analyzed using ion chromatography. Results. When comparing the obtained results of main DIM components contained in the air inside desiccators with the maximum permissible concentrations, the excess of Cl- was detected both for the highest single concentration of 0.1 mg/m3 and for the average daily concentration of 0.03 mg/m3. When applying DIM at a dose exceeding ten times the recommended norms for liquid the DIM, an excess level of the maximum permissible concentration for chlorine (but not for sodium and calcium) is observed. Conclusion. The method of DIM studying in desiccators is indicative in terms of the choice of concentrations and studying mechanisms of reagent intake for subsequent DIM research conduction using laboratory animals.

scholarly journals Contrasting Toxin Selectivity between the Marine Pufferfish Takifugu pardalis and the Freshwater Pufferfish Pao suvattii

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Gao ◽  
Yoko Kanahara ◽  
Misako Yamada ◽  
Ryohei Tatsuno ◽  
Hiroyuki Yoshikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poison ◽  
Toxin Content ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Strong Contrast

To clarify the differences in toxin selectivity between marine and freshwater pufferfish, we conducted experiments in artificially reared nontoxic specimens of Takifugu pardalis (marine) and Pao suvattii (freshwater) using tetrodotoxin (TTX) and paralytic shellfish poison (PSP; decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dcSTX) or saxitoxin (STX)). T. pardalis specimens were administered feed homogenate containing TTX or dcSTX (dose of toxin, 55.2 nmol/fish) and P. suvattii specimens were administered feed homogenate containing TTX + STX (dose of each toxin, 19.2 nmol/fish) by oral gavage. The toxin content in the intestine, muscle, skin, liver, and gonads was quantified after 24 and 48 or 72 h. In T. pardalis, TTX administered into the intestine was absorbed into the body and transferred and retained mainly in the skin and liver, while dcSTX was hardly retained in the body, although it partly remained in the intestine. In strong contrast, in P. suvattii, little TTX remained in the body, whereas STX was absorbed into the body and was transferred and retained in the ovary and skin. The findings revealed that TTX/PSP selectivity differs between the marine species T. pardalis and the freshwater species P. suvattii. T. pardalis, which naturally harbors TTX, selectively accumulates TTX, and P. suvattii, which naturally harbors PSP, selectively accumulates PSP.

scholarly journals Two New Hyporheic Amphipods, Bogidiella ( Bogidiella) Cyrnensis n. sp. and Bogidiella (Medigidiella?) Paolii n. sp., from Corsica

1983 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Hovenkamp ◽  
W. Hovenkamp ◽  
J.J. van der Heide
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Amphipod Species ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Mediterranean

Two new amphipod species of the family Bogidiellidae were found in the hyporheal of two small rivers on Corsica. Both new species, Bogidiella (Bogidiella) cyrnensis n. sp. and B. paolii n. sp. (provisionally placed in the subgenus Medigidiella, but a definitive classification will have to wait till males are found), encountered at altitudes of 135 m and 750 m, respectively, show more affinities with certain freshwater species of Sardinia than with marine species of the Mediterranean.

scholarly journals Fish communities of the Wilderness Lakes System in the southern Cape, South Africa

Koedoe ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis A. Olds ◽  
Nicola C. James ◽  
M. Kyle S. Smith ◽  
Olaf L.F. Weyl
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Sediment Removal ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
System A ◽  
Artificial Mouth ◽  
Estuarine Resident

The Wilderness Lakes System, a temporarily open and closed estuary with three associated lakes situated in the southern Cape region of South Africa, was sampled using a range of sampling gears to assess the fish community. A total of 25 species were sampled throughout the system, with the highest diversity in the Touw Estuary (23 species) and the lowest in Langvlei (11 species). Estuary-associated marine species (13 species) dominated species richness with smaller proportions of estuarine resident (7 species), freshwater (3 species) and catadromous species (2 species). Estuarine resident species dominated the catch numerically. The size–class distribution of euryhaline marine species indicated that upon entering the Touw Estuary as juveniles, the fish move up the system towards Rondevlei where they appear to remain. Three freshwater species were recorded in the system, all of which are alien to the Wilderness Lakes System. Decreasing salinity in the upper lakes appears to be a driving factor in the distribution and increasing abundance of the freshwater fishes. Sampling followed a drought, with the system experiencing substantially increased levels of mouth closure compared to a similar study conducted in the 1980s. The timing of mouth opening and the degree of connectivity between the lakes influence the nursery function of the system as a whole. Management actions need to focus on improving ecological functioning of this system, in particular how mouth opening is managed, to facilitate nursery function and limit the establishment of invasive species.Conservation implications: Key management actions are required to improve fish recruitment potential into and within the system. These include maintenance of adequate marine inflow through adherence to artificial mouth breaching protocols and improving connectivity between the lakes through sediment removal from localised deposition points within the connecting channels.

scholarly journals Spatial scales of interannual recruitment variations of marine, anadromous, and freshwater fish

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1400-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Myers ◽  
G Mertz ◽  
J Bridson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Environmental Agents

We examine the spatial scale of variability in recruitment for 11 marine, three anadromous, and five freshwater species. Generally the spatial scale of recruitment correlations for marine species is approximately 500 km, compared with less than 50 km for freshwater; anadromous species fall between these two scales. The scale for marine species is comparable with (but less than) that of the largest-scale environmental variables (and is compatible with the idea that large-scale environmental agents influence recruitment). Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that predation is a more important factor in determining recruitment in freshwater than it is in the marine environment.

Endocrine disruption in marine fish

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 2249-2261 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Matthiessen
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Top Predators

This topic reviews the whole field of endocrine disruption (ED) in marine fish and compares this with our knowledge of the situation in freshwater species. In broad terms, similar types of ED have been observed in the two groups, although effects in the marine environment tend to be less marked, presumably due to dispersion and dilution. There are, however, some data which suggest that marine fish that are top-predators can experience ED due to biomagnification of organochlorines. Processes such as smoltification, metamorphosis, and hermaphroditism, which are common in some marine species, may be particularly susceptible to ED, but have as yet been scarcely studied. As with freshwater fish, firm links to population-level effects have not yet been demonstrated, although it is not unreasonable to suppose that they are occurring in some locations. The topic concludes with some recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals MONITORING OF SOILS CONTAMINATION OF SOME REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA WITH HEAVY METALS

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 275-283
Author(s):  
G. A. Hambaryan ◽  
A. V. Santrosyan ◽  
Yu. R. Ishkhanyan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Paradoxical Situation ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
The Republic

The paper is devoted to the problems of soils contamination of some regions of the Republic ofArmenia and a city of Yerevan with heavy metals. The results of analyses of the selected soil tests for the purpose ofdefinition of their contamination degree with heavy metals are listed. The statistical data on the background concentration of heavy metals in various soil-climatic zones of the Republic of Armenia, not influenced with appreciable anthropogenous impact is also given. The comparative analysis on presence of polluting chemical elements in soil is carried out for the approved norms of maximum permissible concentration and background indicators. The authors consider possible negative influences on environment as a result of soils contamination, in particular on biological activity of soil and processes of its self-cleaning. It’s noticed that maximum permissible concentrations are mainly developed only from hygienic positions which do not consider the variety ofsoils, in particular, their properties. As an example there are described the results of soils researches of some regions of the Republic of Armenia and there is noticed that a paradoxical situation arises when background contents toxic elements in soils exceed the established values of maximum permissible concentration. In the paper there is arisen the question on necessity of working out and introducing in practice ecological monitoring of the system of tentatively permissible quantity of chemical elements in soil, taking into account background concentration of heavy metals in various soil-climatic zones. Introduction of the specified system will allow reasonably and, what very important, reliably to estimate an ecological condition of soils and to define the influence of contamination on qualitative characteristics of soil as a result of anthropogenous influence.

scholarly journals PLANTS AND MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS OF HEAVY METALS IN SOIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Aleksandrovich Gladkov ◽  
Olga Victorovna Gladkova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

The tentative permissible concentrations and the maximum permissible concentration of heavy metals do not always give a complete adequate assessment of the effect on plants. Plant growth inhibition can be at concentrations below the maximum permissible concentrations and tentative permissible concentrations. We studied the effect of copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead concentrations on plants. The object of the research is the lawn grass, the Agrostis stolonifera used in urban greening. According to the data obtained, Agrostis stolonifera showed a low degree of resistance to copper, lower than the tentative permissible concentration and the maximum permissible concentration. Consequently, the tentative permissible concentration and the maximum permissible concentration do not fully reflect the real phytotoxicity of copper. Plants of Agrostis stolonifera demonstrated a relatively high sensitivity to zinc in comparison with the maximum permissible concentration and the tentative permissible concentration. The content of cadmium and lead corresponding to the tentative permissible concentrations did not have a significant effect on the plants.

The Reaction of Fish to Moving Backgrounds

1963 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-446
Author(s):  
F. R. HARDEN JONES
Keyword(s):  
Marine Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Fish Migration ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Water Currents

1. An apparatus is described to study the response of fish to moving backgrounds. 2. Observations were made on pike, three-spined sticklebacks, trout, perch and roach; cod, whiting, whiting-pout, smelt, herring, armed bullhead, lesser weaver, plaice, dabs, soles and dogfish. 3. Pike followed a moving background equivalent to a water current of 0.03 cm./sec. Pike were the best and most consistent performers among the freshwater species, followed by the three-spined stickleback, trout, roach and perch. 4. The marine species fell into two groups. The cod, whiting, whiting-pout, smelt, and herring responded to background movements equivalent to water currents of 1-2 cm./sec. The other fish failed to respond to movements equivalent to currents up to 24 cm./sec. and it is thought that this may have been due to contact with the bottom. 5. The fish that orientated to a moving background also responded kinetically. Cod, whiting, and whiting-pout gained on the background (swam upstream) at rotational speeds equivalent to water currents less than 1 fish lengthlsec., but started to lag behind at speeds equivalent to currents faster than 1-2 L/sec., although the fish were shown to be capable of swimming fast enough to keep pace with the background. Herring gained on the background up to rotational speeds equivalent to water currents of 3-4 fish lengths/sec. 6. The results are discussed in relation to the contranatant theory of fish migration.

Development of Regional Maximum Permissible Concentrations of Oil in the Soils of Arid Ecosystems in the South of Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
R.M. Daoud ◽  
S.I. Kolesnikov ◽  
A.A. Kuzina ◽  
K.Sh. Kaseev ◽  
Yu.V. Akimenko
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Arid Ecosystems ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Arid Soils ◽  
The South ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
Single Maximum ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
Different Soils

Objective difficulties and incorrect use of a single maximum permissible concentration of oil for all soils of Russia are considered. It is more expedient to use regional maximum permissible concentrations (RMPC) of oil in different soils of Russia, taking into account their regional ecological-genetic and ecological-geographical features. RMPC of oil in arid soils of the South of Russia was developed on the basis of violation of their ecosystem functions. Regional MPC of oil in dark chestnut soils (haplic kastanozems) is 0.40 % of oil in soil, chestnut (haplic kastanozems) and light chestnut (haplic kastanozems) – 0.30 %, brown semi-desert (haplic calcisols) – 0.24 %, sandy brown semi-desert (calcaric arenosols) – 0.20 %. The developed RPMCs can be used not only for arid soils in southern Russia, but also for similar arid soils in other regions.

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