scholarly journals The Effect of IPCC Reports and Regulatory Announcements on the Stock Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3142
Author(s):  
Elena Rogova ◽  
Galina Aprelkova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Ipcc Report ◽  
Daily Returns

This study explores U.S. public companies’ reactions to scientific announcements by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) with respect to updated climate change knowledge and how it affects their stock valuations, given their carbon emission/environmental outlooks. Based on a sample of total daily returns collected for 10 industry indexes from the S&P 500 Index over the period 1990–2014, and using an event study approach, we analyze the connection between IPCC assessment report announcements and firms’ returns to evaluate panel data models. We found that various sectors, regardless of their carbon profiles, react abnormally to IPCC report announcements without remarkable long-run cumulative effects. The implications of these results are that there is no clear violation of the efficient markets hypothesis, yet short-term profits may be gained. Furthermore, the market still reacts to new scientific announcements, even though 24 years have passed since the first IPCC report. In addition, there is a negative relationship for low and medium carbon-intensive industries, especially in the short term.

scholarly journals Welcome to Hydrogen—A New International and Interdisciplinary Open Access Journal of Growing Interest in Our Society

Hydrogen ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-92
Author(s):  
George E. Marnellos ◽  
Thomas Klassen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Open Access Journal ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Ipcc Report

The 2018 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report [...]

scholarly journals The Evolution of Communicating the Uncertainty of Climate Change to Policymakers: A Study of IPCC Synthesis Reports

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2466
Author(s):  
Tomas Molina ◽  
Ernest Abadal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
The Public ◽  
Level Of Confidence ◽  
Ipcc Report ◽  
Degree Of Certainty ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tackle Climate Change

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports on climate change have served to alert both the public and policymakers about the scope of the predicted changes and the effects they would have on natural and economic systems. The first IPCC report was published in 1990, since which time a further four have been produced. The aim of this study was to conduct a content analysis of the IPCC Summaries for Policymakers in order to determine the degree of certainty associated with the statements they contain. For each of the reports we analyzed all statements containing expressions indicating the corresponding level of confidence. The aggregated results show a shift over time towards higher certainty levels, implying a “Call to action” (from 32.8% of statements in IPCC2 to 70.2% in IPCC5). With regard to the international agreements drawn up to tackle climate change, the growing level of confidence expressed in the IPCC Summaries for Policymakers reports might have been a relevant factor in the history of decision making.

Focus on African wildlife protection will grow

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Wildlife Protection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Illegal Wildlife Trade ◽  
Ipcc Report

Subject African illegal wildlife trade. Significance A recent UK-hosted conference on the Illegal Wildlife Trade (IWT) and a UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report have highlighted the importance of wildlife and wilderness protection in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and the integral connections between wildlife protection and climate change. Pressure is starting to grow on governments and businesses to protect irreplaceable biodiversity but progress faces several obstacles. Impacts The EU may increase aid for African biodiversity protection as climate change impacts risk increased African migrant numbers to Europe. Growing pressure may encourage institutional investors to divest from fossil fuels towards the renewable energy sector and ecotourism. Civil society pressure could mount to redirect global aid budgets partially towards wilderness landscape preservation. A South African ruling overturning government approval for a coal mine on critical biodiversity-protecting land may set a major precedent.

scholarly journals All change for climate change

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony R Walker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New York ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Ipcc Report ◽  
Single Use

Governments, corporations and individuals all need to take immediate action to help change the global economy toward a circular economy. A circular economy which uses fewer resources and based on renewable clean technologies to help limit global warming to 1.5 °C. The 2018 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report warned that limiting global warming to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels would require current greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions to be cut in half by 2030. Yet actions by governments, corporations and individuals are lagging behind. Many countries are failing their obligations made under the 2015 Paris climate agreement. Even the International Maritime Organization, a United Nations agency set a 50% reduction target of GHG emissions for global shipping by 2050, but this falls short of the IPCC target by 20 years. The United Nations climate summit in New York this week (September 2019) needs to send a strong wake up call to the entire world for us all to change. Change makers like Greta Thunberg has already done that. Individual actions to change consumer behaviour can play a major role to help reduce GHG emissions. Even reducing use of single-use plastics (a petroleum derivative) and incineration can help reduce GHG emissions. GHG emissions from plastics could reach 15% of the global carbon budget by 2050 if not curbed. In Europe, plastic production and incineration emits an estimated ~400 million tonnes of CO2 per year. Therefore, reducing single-use plastic use could curb GHG emissions.

scholarly journals Experimental deformation of deuterated ice in 3D and 2D: identification of grain-scale processes

2015 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J.L. Wilson ◽  
Vladimir Luzin ◽  
Sandra Piazolo ◽  
Mark Peternell ◽  
Daniel Hammes
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Polar Ice ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
Ipcc Report ◽  
Polar Ice Sheets ◽  
Ice Sheet Dynamics

Major polar ice sheets and ice caps experience cycles of variable flow during different glacial periods and as a response to past warming. The rate and localisation of deformation inside an ice body controls the evolution of ice microstructure and crystallographic fabric. This is critical for interpreting proxy signals for climate change, with deformation overprinting and disrupting stratigraphy deep under ice caps due to the nature of the flow. The final crystallographic fabric in polar ice sheets provides a record of deformation history, which in turn controls the flow properties of ice during further deformation and affects geophysical sensing of ice sheets. For example, identification of layering in ice sheets, using seismic or ice radar techniques, is attributed to grain size changes and fabric variations. Such information has been used to provide information on climate state and its changes over time, and as the Fourth Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Report (Solomon et al. 2007) points out there is currently still a lack of understanding of internal ice-sheet dynamics. To answer this we have recently conducted experiments at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) to collect fully quantitative microstructural data from polycrystalline heavy water (D2O) ice deformed in a dynamic regime. The ice and temperature (–7°C) chosen for this study is used as a direct analogue for deforming natural-water ice as it offers a unique opportunity to link grain size and texture evolution in natural ice at –10°C. Results show a dynamic system where steady-state rheology is not necessarily coupled to microstructural and crystallographic fabric stability. This link needs to be taken into account to improve ice-mass-deformation modelling critical for climate change predictions.

CHILDREN AND YOUTH AS AGENTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT IN SOUTH AFRICA

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-91
Author(s):  
Mankolo Lethoko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
South African ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Ipcc Report ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
African Youth

When the democratic government came into power in 1994 in South Africa, it faced formidable problems stemming from the structural and historical inequalities and imbalances created by apartheid. Among the challenges included climate change. The release of the 2013 Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) report indicates that climate change is a reality and its effects globally are getting worse daily. However, South African youth have not been adequately educated about climate change through formal basic schooling so that they can act as change agents.This article argues that the curriculum has to include relevant and the most recent content on climate change so that children can become agents of climate change in their homes and communities. The article uses content analysis of the National Curriculum Statement (2012) to determine the relevance and currency of climate change content in the present basic schooling curriculum. The article also makes recommendations on how the present content can be revised and made relevant to South African schools.

Carbon Trading – A Profitable CSR Initiative for Reducing Economic Asymmetries among Nations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti Mitra ◽  
Amit Verma
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
International Media ◽  
Ipcc Report ◽  
Climate Treaty ◽  
The Moment

Another international climate change summit, this time in the Qatari city of Doha, has concluded without a binding agreement reached on reducing global greenhouse gas emissions. The failure of 18th Conference of the Parties (COP18) was anticipated beforehand by everyone involved, and met with widespread indifference on the part of international media. Since, the debacle at Copenhagen summit in December 2009—which broke up without agreement on a post-Kyoto climate treaty amid bitter conflicts between the major powers — annual UN-sponsored climate summits have been restricted to negotiating various secondary issues, unrelated to the question of binding emissions targets. Heads of government have not gathered to discuss the issue in past three years, leaving junior ministers and diplomats to head negotiating teams at the subsequent summits at Cancun, Durban, and Doha. The inability of world leaders to even meet to discuss the climate change crisis, represents a devastating indictment of capitalist system. Overwhelming scientific evidence points to the serious threat posed to world's population by excessive emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. The forecasts made in first UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Report, in 1990, have proven accurate. “We've sat back and watched the two decades unfold and warming has progressed at a rate consistent with those projections,” Matt England, of the University of New South Wales' Climate Change Research Centre, told Australia's ABC Radio. “The analysis is very clear that, IPCC projections are coming true. And at the moment, we are tracking at high end in terms of our emissions, and so all of the projections that we look to at the moment are those high end forecasts.” However, the researchers believe that the conclusions will have a broader implication, that will surely help developing nations in not only reaching, the much sought economic integration among them and reducing Economic Asymmetries with developed nations, but also in reducing the emission levels to save our planet. So, if a revolution has to be there in International trade and globalization, be it the Green Way!

NECESSIDADE HÍDRICA DA CULTURA DO MILHO INFLUENCIADA PELAS MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS NO SEMIÁRIDO NORDESTINO

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDMILSON GOMES CAVALCANTE JUNIOR ◽  
JOSÉ FRANCISMAR DE MEDEIROS ◽  
ISAAC ALVES DA SILVA FREITAS ◽  
ANNA KÉZIA SOARES DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
JOSÉ ESPÍNOLA SOBRINHO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Ipcc Report

 RESUMO - O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar os impactos das mudanças climáticas no desenvolvimento e evapotranspiração do milho, no semiárido brasileiro. O trabalho foi desenvolvido nos municípios de Apodi, Ipanguaçu e Mossoró, todos eles localizados no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. A determinação da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc), em suas diferentes fases, foi realizada através de lisímetros de pesagem. Para verificar a influência das mudanças climáticas no consumo hídrico da cultura foram simuladas alterações na temperatura e na umidade relativa do ar, através do modelo climático PRECIS. Foram avaliados dois cenários de emissões baseados no relatório do IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), um pessimista (A2) e um otimista (B2). Os dados de temperatura e umidade relativa utilizados foram as saídas do modelo PRECIS. Segundo as projeções do modelo as temperaturas na região ficarão muito acima do limite ótimo para o desenvolvimento da cultura. A duração do ciclo da cultura apresentou uma redução média de 10 e 15 dias para os cenários B2 e A2, respectivamente. A redução no ciclo também provocou uma diminuição de 3,0% na evapotranspiração total, considerando o cenário mais otimista, e de 4,4% no cenário mais pessimista.Palavras-chave: Zea mays, temperatura, umidade relativa, evapotranspiração. DEVELOPMENT AND WATER REQUIREMENT OF MAIZE CROP AFFECTED BY CLIMATE CHANGES IN THE SEMIARID REGION OF THE BRAZILIAN NORTHEAST  ABSTRACT - This study aimed to determine the impacts of climate changes on growth and evapotranspiration of maize in the Brazilian semiarid region. The study was conducted in the municipalities of Apodí, Ipanguaçu and Mossoró, all of them located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The determination of evapotranspiration (ETc) throughout the different crop phases was accomplished by weighing lysimeters.In order to check the effect of climate changes on crop water consumption, simulated changes were done in the temperature and relative humidity of the air, through the PRECIS climate model. Two scenarios of emissions were evaluated based on the IPCC report (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change): a pessimistic caled A2 and an optimistic B2. The data of temperature and relative humidity were obtained by the PRECIS model. According to the model projections, the temperatures in the region will be far above the optimal limit for crop development. The crop cycle showed an average reduction of 10 and 15 days for B2 and A2 scenarios, respectively. The reduction in the cycle also caused a decrease in the total evapotranspiration of 3.0%, considering the most optimistic scenario, and 4.4% in the worst scenario.keywords: Zea mays, temperature, relative humidity, evapotranspiration.

scholarly journals Communicating Climate Change Risk: A Content Analysis of IPCC’s Summary for Policymakers

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 4861 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Marijn Poortvliet ◽  
Meredith T. Niles ◽  
Jeroen A. Veraart ◽  
Saskia E. Werners ◽  
Fiona C. Korporaal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Construal Level ◽  
Extended Parallel Process Model ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Climate Change Risk ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Ipcc Report

This study investigated the effectiveness of climate change risk communication in terms of its theoretical potential to stimulate recipients’ awareness and behavioral change. We selected the summary for policy makers (SPM) of the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report in order to conduct a content analysis; the extended parallel process model and construal level theory served as conceptual lenses to perform the analysis. Specifically, we evaluated to what extent the SPM included informational elements of threat, efficacy and psychological distance related to climate change. The results showed that threat information was prominently present, but efficacy information was less frequently included, and when it was, more often in the latter parts of the SPM. With respect to construal level it was found that in the IPCC report concrete representations were used only sparingly. Theoretical relevance and implications for climate change risk communication with key audiences are discussed.

scholarly journals Climate sensitivity uncertainty: when is good news bad?

2015 ◽  
Vol 373 (2055) ◽  
pp. 20150092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Freeman ◽  
Gernot Wagner ◽  
Richard J. Zeckhauser
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Sensitivity ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Bad News ◽  
Good News ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Best Estimate ◽  
Ipcc Report

Climate change is real and dangerous. Exactly how bad it will get, however, is uncertain. Uncertainty is particularly relevant for estimates of one of the key parameters: equilibrium climate sensitivity—how eventual temperatures will react as atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations double. Despite significant advances in climate science and increased confidence in the accuracy of the range itself, the ‘likely’ range has been 1.5–4.5°C for over three decades. In 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) narrowed it to 2–4.5°C, only to reverse its decision in 2013, reinstating the prior range. In addition, the 2013 IPCC report removed prior mention of 3°C as the ‘best estimate’. We interpret the implications of the 2013 IPCC decision to lower the bottom of the range and excise a best estimate. Intuitively, it might seem that a lower bottom would be good news. Here we ask: when might apparently good news about climate sensitivity in fact be bad news in the sense that it lowers societal well-being? The lowered bottom value also implies higher uncertainty about the temperature increase, definitely bad news. Under reasonable assumptions, both the lowering of the lower bound and the removal of the ‘best estimate’ may well be bad news.

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