scholarly journals The Gender Perspective of Professional Competencies in Industrial Engineering Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Inmaculada Tazo ◽  
Ana Boyano ◽  
Unai Fernandez-Gámiz ◽  
Amaia Calleja-Ochoa
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Industrial Engineering ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Engineering Studies ◽  
University Studies ◽  
Selection Of

Sexism and gender relations in higher education require special attention and are a topic of great interest in regulations related to education. The low participation percentage of women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) studies has been identified as one of the main problems that must be resolved in order to close the gender gap that exists in the technology sector. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of professional competences on the selection of university studies according to the absence or presence of masculinization factors in those studies. Mechanical engineering competences, both generic and transversal, and competence acquisition methods, are classified into ‘care’ (feminine) or ‘provisions’ (masculine) concepts. After the competence analysis, it can be concluded that explicit engineering curricula are focused on “provisions”, which translates into a cultural perception of industrial engineering as a male profession. After a professional competence analysis in engineering studies at The University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), our study identified a relationship between the masculinization factors included in professional competences and the selection of university studies. This paper presents working actions towards the incorporation of a gender perspective into the degree in mechanical engineering at the UPV/EHU.

Women in science: from images to data

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Jami
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Women Scientists ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Standing Committee ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Abstract In recent decades research in the social sciences, including in the history of science, has shown that women scientists continue to be depicted as exceptions to the rule that a normal scientist is a man. The underlying message is that being an outstanding scientist is incompatible with being an ordinary woman. From women scientists’ reported experiences, we learn that family responsibilities as well as sexism in their working environment are two major hindrances to their careers. This experience is now backed by statistical analysis, so that what used to be regarded as an individual problem for each woman of science can now be identified as a multi-layered social phenomenon, to be analysed and remedied as such. Over the last five years, international scientific unions have come together to address these issues, first through the Gender Gap in Science Project, and recently through the setting up of a Standing Committee for Gender Equality in Science (SCGES) whose task is to foster measures to reduce the barriers that women scientists have to surmount in their working lives.

scholarly journals The Gender Wage Gap among Ph.D. Holders: Evidence from Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Alfano ◽  
Lorenzo Cicatiello ◽  
Giuseppe Lucio Gaeta ◽  
Mauro Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Stem Fields ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Educational Qualification ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
Quantile Decomposition ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This paper contributes to the literature on the gender wage gap by empirically analyzing those workers who hold the highest possible educational qualification, i.e., a Ph.D. The analysis relies on recent Italian cross-sectional data collected through a survey on the employment conditions of Ph.D. holders. The Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition analysis and quantile decomposition analysis are carried out, and the selection of Ph.D. holders into employment and STEM/non-STEM fields of specialization is taken into account. Findings suggest that a gender gap in hourly wages exists among Ph.D. holders, with sizeable differences by sector of employment and field of specialization.

scholarly journals Peer review and gender bias: A study on 145 scholarly journals

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. eabd0299
Author(s):  
Flaminio Squazzoni ◽  
Giangiacomo Bravo ◽  
Mike Farjam ◽  
Ana Marusic ◽  
Bahar Mehmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Scholarly Journals ◽  
Publication Rates ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Editorial Decisions ◽  
Selection Of

Scholarly journals are often blamed for a gender gap in publication rates, but it is unclear whether peer review and editorial processes contribute to it. This article examines gender bias in peer review with data for 145 journals in various fields of research, including about 1.7 million authors and 740,000 referees. We reconstructed three possible sources of bias, i.e., the editorial selection of referees, referee recommendations, and editorial decisions, and examined all their possible relationships. Results showed that manuscripts written by women as solo authors or coauthored by women were treated even more favorably by referees and editors. Although there were some differences between fields of research, our findings suggest that peer review and editorial processes do not penalize manuscripts by women. However, increasing gender diversity in editorial teams and referee pools could help journals inform potential authors about their attention to these factors and so stimulate participation by women.

Gender gap in innovation: an institutionalist explanation

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Innovative Behaviour ◽  
And Gender

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to contribute to knowledge on innovation from a gender perspective, and to investigate how environment affects the process of innovation by women. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical study uses a Structural Equations Model of a Partial Least Squared (PLS) technique. Data of 40 countries from around the world were collected from 2008. Findings – Institutional environment matters for innovative activity by women. An innovative thinking is required for integrating the gender perspective in innovative milieus in order to enrich, diversify and promote stronger innovation activities, mobilising unexploited opportunities for managers in the business sector, and for policy makers in the public one. Research limitations/implications – A new sex-disaggregated dataset will allow us to enlarge and improve upon this study. A longitudinal study would be extremely useful, but for the moment, there are no available data of this kind. Practical implications – Policies designed to reduce the gap for women in innovation activities have to fight against gender segregation in the job market and gender differences in education and training. They must increase flexibility in the workplace, provide more help to conciliate family and working lives, and reduce the gap in family responsibilities taken on by women. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the cross-over of knowledge between innovation and gender, and reduces the lack of information on how external factors may impact innovative behaviour by gender.

Translation Technology

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Bowker ◽  
Gloria Corpas Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Professional Competence ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Translation Tools ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Selection Of

In today’s market, the use of technology by translators is no longer a luxury but a necessity if they are to meet rising market demands for the quick delivery of high-quality texts in many languages. This chapter describes a selection of computer-aided translation tools, resources, and applications, most commonly employed by translators to help them increase productivity while maintaining high quality in their work. This chapter also considers some of the ways in which translation technology has influenced the practice and the product of translation, as well as translators’ professional competence and their preferences with regard to tools and resources.

scholarly journals Criterios y modelos estadísticos de eficacia escolar

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-327
Author(s):  
Luis Lizasoain Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Effective Schools ◽  
School Effectiveness ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
School Effectiveness Research ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Pais Vasco ◽  
Selection Of

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los criterios y modelos estadísticos empleados en un estudio de eficacia escolar desarrollado en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco empleando como variable criterio los resultados en matemáticas, comprensión lectora en lengua castellana y en lengua vasca, resultantes de las evaluaciones de Diagnóstico aplicadas en cinco años. Se definen cuatro criterios de eficacia escolar: puntuaciones extremas, residuos extremos, crecimiento de puntuaciones y crecimiento de residuos. Para ello se han aplicado técnicas de regresión multinivel empleando modelos jerárquicos lineales. Los resultados permiten una selección de centros tanto de alta como de baja eficacia que se basa en cuatro enfoques distintos y complementarios de la eficacia (o ineficacia) escolar. The aim of this paper is to present the statistical criteria and models used in a school effectiveness research carried out in the Basque Country Autonomous Community using as outcome variable the mathematics, spanish language and basque language scores. These scores come from the Diagnosis Assessments applied for five years. Four school effectiveness criteria are defined: extreme scores, extreme residuals, scores growth and residuals growth. Multilevel regression techniques have been applied using hierarchical linear models (HLM). Results have permitted a selection of both high and low effective schools based on four different and complementary school effectiveness approaches.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE METODOLOGÍAS COOPERATIVAS EN LA DOCENCIA UNIVERSITARIA: EXPERIENCIAS EN LA FACULTAD DE EDUCACIÓN Y DEPORTE DE VITORIA-GASTEIZ

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainhoa Gómez Pintado ◽  
Vanesa Rojo Robas ◽  
Ana Zuazagoitia Rey-Baltar
Keyword(s):  
Basque Country ◽  
Educational Innovation ◽  
Teaching Objectives ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Innovation Project ◽  
Innovación Educativa ◽  
Faculty Of Education ◽  
The University ◽  
Pais Vasco ◽  
Selection Of

Resumen:Actualmente es visible la necesidad de una renovación metodológica, de reformar el sistema educativo centrado en la enseñanza del profesor, para conseguir un modelo centrado en el aprendizaje activo del alumnado. Para realizar esta difícil transición metodológica numerosos estudios apuestan por el uso de las metodologías activas. Este trabajo, inscrito en el marco de un Proyecto de Innovación Educativa de la Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), tiene como objetivo determinar la efectividad y validez de varias de estas técnicas cooperativas, implementadas en distintas materias, cursos y especialidades en la Facultad de Educación y Deporte de Vitoria-Gasteiz, partiendo del análisis de las valoraciones que sobre ellas ha realizado el alumnado. Los resultados, recogidos a través de cuestionarios, apuntan a una excelente aceptación de las técnicas empleadas por parte del alumnado; constatando su efectividad en el desarrollo del aprendizaje activo y cooperativo y confirmando la importancia de la selección de cada técnica en función de los objetivos docentes, así como su modificación y adecuación a estos y al grupo o asignatura en el que se implementa. Abstract:Currently is visible the need for a methodological renewal, that is, the need for a reform of the education system focused on teacher education, for a model focused on active learning of students. To perform this difficult methodological transition, numerous studies opt for the use of active methodologies. This work, written in the framework of an Educational Innovation Project of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), aims to determine the effectiveness and validity of several cooperative techniques, implemented in different subjects, courses and specialties in the Faculty of Education and Sports of Vitoria-Gasteiz, starting from the analysis of the assessments about the techniques made by students. The results, collected through questionnaires, point to an excellent acceptance of the techniques used by the students; confirming its effectiveness in the development of active and cooperative learning, and confirming the importance of the selection of each technique according to the teaching objectives, as well as its modification and adaptation to these and to the group or subject in which it was implemented.

scholarly journals Professional competence of future economists in the region

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Natalia Liba ◽  
Tetiana Chernychko ◽  
Vitalii Rybchak
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Information Professional ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Entrepreneurial Knowledge ◽  
Selection Of

The formation of professional competences of modern economists requires from the educational institution, from the teachers fundamentally new approaches in professional education: the integration of pedagogical, economic and entrepreneurial knowledge, skills and abilities. The aim of the study is to analyze modern approaches to the formulation of the concept of »competence«, to find out the components of professional competence for the preparation of future economists. General scientific methods of research have been applied: induction and deduction, refinement and classification. The modern approaches to the formulation of the concept of »competence« have been analyzed in the article. Historical and terminological analysis of its essence made it possible to find out the components, the structure of professional competence. Special attention has been paid to the content of key and substantive competence. The formation of professional competence of economists must be carried out taking into account the modern requirements in the field of education, educational programs of the specialty. Thus, a highly skilled economist one can become due to a high motivational indicator, confidence in the correct selection of the future kind of activity, the desire to acquire as much information professional material and its transformation into knowledge, which will lead to professionalism in the process of the vocational practice. In the subsequent research, we will substantiate the process of forming the competitiveness of future economists.

scholarly journals “METHODOLOGY OF USING INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN TECHNICAL INSTITUTIONS”

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 5351-5362
Author(s):  
Dilafruz Ahmadovna Sayfullayeva Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Professional Competence ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Learning Conditions ◽  
Independent Work ◽  
Scientific Ideas ◽  
Education Process ◽  
Selection Of

This article presents opportunities for teaching subject-based disciplines based on innovative technologies, specifics, definitions of the concept of "innovation" in the education process, which enriches the professional competence of teachers. In turn, the effect of youth on learning activities is reflected.Enrichment, in turn, influences young people’s learning activities. In technical higher education, students are becoming researchers and implementers of new scientific ideas when they are given the opportunity to use the subject of innovative technologies. Innovative approaches to life, work, and professions are formed and sources, tasks and problems, analysis of learning conditions, setting learning objectives, selection of innovative educational technologies and active methods, preparation of teaching and didactic materials and materials, theoretical and practical training, organization of theoretical and practical training skills assessment, organization and conduct of independent work.

scholarly journals Pedagogical conditions for the formation of professional competence of future Specialists Majoring in information and communication technologies

2019 ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Alla Hafiiak ◽  
Marina Dyachenko-Bohun ◽  
Olexander Mikheienko ◽  
Andrii Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Information Selection ◽  
Cognitive Information ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Selection Of

The article describes the creation of pedagogical conditions for the formation of professional competence of the future specialists majoring in information and communication technologies. The purpose of this article is to investigate the conditions facilitating the formation of professional competence of future specialists majoring in information and communication technologies, to create and use application software aimed at increasing the efficiency as well as the degree of automation for providing educational services. According to the purpose, the following tasks have been assigned: pedagogical conditions for the formation of the professional competence of future specialists majoring in information and communication technologies have been proposed; the complex of circumstances necessary for ensuring positive dynamics in the formation of the professional competence of future specialists majoring in information and communication technologies has been studied; some ways of improving the formation of the professional competence of future specialists majoring in information and communication technologies have been considered; the ways of raising the professional skills level (proficiency level) of higher education applicants through the development of software applications for educational purposes have been analysed; the project alongside with the software that automates and optimizes the tasks of the subjects of the educational process as well as provides an opportunity to receive relevant and timely information concerning the organization of the educational process have been elaborated; a client-centred education schedule for students of higher education institutions has been developed, taking into account the specificities of the optimal online route. The project includes the following stages: preparatory (cognitive-information), selection of days, time, audience (issues), hierarchyzation of these issues, selection of starting and ending points of the route, after which the route scheme and its optimization are developed. The development of the route scheme and the elaboration of its software are inextricably linked parallel processes. Keywords: information system, specialists, software, higher education institution, information and communication technologies.

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