scholarly journals Aerated Irrigation of Different Irrigation Levels and Subsurface Dripper Depths Affects Fruit Yield, Quality and Water Use Efficiency of Greenhouse Tomato

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2703
Author(s):  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Huanjie Cai ◽  
Libing Song ◽  
Xiaowen Wang ◽  
Zihui Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Taste Quality ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soil Aeration ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Aeration Conditions ◽  
Irrigation Levels

Aerated irrigation (AI) is a method to mitigate rhizosphere hypoxia caused by the wetting front from subsurface drip irrigation (SDI). This study evaluated the impacts of AI on soil aeration, plant growth performance, fruit yield (tomato), irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), fruit nutrition (lycopene and Vitamin C (VC)) and taste (soluble sugar, organic acid and sugar–acid ratio) quality. A three-factorial experiment including AI and SDI at three irrigation levels (W0.6, W0.8 and W1.0, corresponding with crop-pan coefficients of 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) and two dripper depths (D15 and D25, burial at 15 and 25 cm, respectively), totaling 12 treatments overall, was conducted in a greenhouse during the tomato-growing season (April–July) in 2016. The AI improved soil aeration conditions, with significantly increased soil oxygen concentration and air-filled porosity relative to SDI. Moreover, the AI improved crop growth performance, with increased root morphology (diameter, length density, surface area and volume density), delayed flowering time, prolonged flowering duration and increased shoot (leaf, stem and fruit) dry weight, and harvest index. Fruit yield per plant, fruit weight, IWUE, the contents of lycopene, VC and soluble sugar, and sugar–acid ratio significantly increased under AI treatments (P < 0.05). As the irrigation level increased, fruit yield, number, and weight increased (P < 0.05), but IWUE and fruit lycopene, soluble sugar, and organic acid content decreased (P < 0.05). The dripper depth had no significant impact on fruit yield, nutrition and taste quality. Principal component analysis revealed that the optimal three treatments in terms of fruit yield, IWUE, and nutrition and taste quality were the treatments W0.6D25AI, W1.0D25AI and W1.0D15AI. These results suggest that AI can improve tomato growth performance and increase fruit yield, nutrition and taste quality, and IWUE through enhancing soil aeration conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Irrigation Levels and Plant Growth Regulators on Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under Poly House

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
. Anita ◽  
R. K. Narolia ◽  
S. R. Bhunia ◽  
P. K. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Levels

An experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2017-18 at College of agriculture, Bikaner to study the effect of irrigation levels and plant growth regulators on Cucumber under naturally ventilated Poly house condition. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The treatments comprised of four drip irrigation levels (0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 ETc or crop evapotranspiration) assigned to main plots and three plant growth regulators viz; water spray, NAA or Naphthalene Acetic acid (100 ppm) and GA3 (50 ppm) assigned to sub plots. The objectives of this study were to find out the effects of irrigation levels as well as plant growth regulators on yield attributes of cucumber and their interactions. Results indicated that earliness i.e. days to first flowering (35.40) and first harvest (52.00) were recorded maximum with 1.0 ETc as compared to other irrigation levels. The same treatment (1.0 ETc) significantly gave maximum fruit length (21.07 cm), number of fruits per vine (12.02), fruit weight (103.29 g), fruit yield (728.76 q ha-1) and net returns (765035.9 ha-1) with B:C ratio (2.46). However, water use efficiency (3.61 q ha-1 cm-1) was found maximum with 0.4 ETc. Among various plant growth regulators GA3 (50 ppm) recorded significantly higher yield attributes namely fruit length (21.63 cm), number of fruits per vine (12.34), fruit weight (99.48 g) and fruit yield (729.23 q ha-1). Water use efficiency, net returns and B:C ratio also exhibited higher values (2.57 q ha-1 cm-1, 765307.7ha-1 and 2.46, respectively) with same treatment. Similarly, earliness i.e. days to first flowering (34.19) and days to first harvest (50.70) were recorded with GA3. The treatment combination 0.8 ETc + GA3 (50 ppm) gave maximum value for fruit yield (793.93 q ha-1) per hectare.

scholarly journals Integrated Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Sowing Methods on Weed Dynamics and System Productivity of Maize–Cowpea Sequence on Vertisols

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 808
Author(s):  
Hanamant M. Halli ◽  
Sanganabasappa Angadi ◽  
Prabhu Govindasamy ◽  
Raghavendra Madar ◽  
Manjanagouda S. Sannagoudar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Soil Moisture Availability ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Weed Dynamics ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Irrigation Levels

The aim of this study was to explore the effect of sowing methods and deficit irrigation on weed dynamics, yield and water-use efficiency (WUE) of the maize–cowpea system during the summer and monsoon seasons, respectively. The field experiment was carried out for two years (2015 and 2016) using a split design with three replicates under irrigated (maize) and rainfed (cowpea) conditions on vertisols of a semi-arid region. Treatments included three sowing methods [i.e., broad bed and furrow (BBF), corrugated furrow (CF) and ridges and furrow (RF)] and four irrigation levels [i.e., irrigation once in 10 days (I10D), irrigation at 40% (I40), at 50% (I50) and at 60% (I60) depletion]. The results indicated that, regardless of weed flora (monocots, dicots and sedges), the RF method produced higher weed density (2.09–2.98 No. m−2) compared to CF (2.00–2.80 No. m−2) and BBF (1.85–2.64 No. m−2) in maize at 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS). The RF method with irrigation at I40 and I50 recorded significantly higher weed density, followed by the CF and BBF method. A similar trend was also observed with dry weight of weeds (monocot; 24.19%, dicot; 25.52%, and sedges; 29.80%) in maize at 30 and 60 DAS. Higher weed density and dry weight of weeds in the RF method with I40 was due to higher soil moisture availability and higher nutrient uptake due to larger lateral wetting of the soil and greater water use (29.27%). However, the BBF method favoured the growth of weeds (9.33–16.60%) in cowpea at 55 DAS and coped under rain-fed situation over CF and RF. The CF with moderate depletion (I50) method produced significantly higher maize equivalent yield (MEY) of cowpea (10,000 kg ha−1) with considerable reduction in the total water usage (19.33%). Therefore, under a water scarcity situation, growers can practice CF and I50 for higher yield and WUE of maize–cowpea sequence cropping.

scholarly journals Effects of Drought Frequency on Growth Performance and Transpiration of Young Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacaciaL.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Mantovani ◽  
Maik Veste ◽  
Dirk Freese
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Marginal Land ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Use Efficiency

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacaciaL.) is a drought-tolerant fast growing tree, which could be an alternative to the more common tree species used in short-rotation coppice on marginal land. The plasticity of black locust in the form of ecophysiological and morphological adaptations to drought is an important precondition for its successful growth in such areas. However, adaptation to drought stress is detrimental to primary production. Furthermore, the soil water availability condition of the initial stage of development may have an impact on the tree resilience. We aimed to investigate the effect of drought stress applied during the resprouting on the drought tolerance of the plant, by examining the black locust growth patterns. We exposed young trees in lysimeters to different cycles of drought. The drought memory affected the plant growth performance and its drought tolerance: the plants resprouting under drought conditions were more drought tolerant than the well-watered ones. Black locust tolerates drastic soil water availability variations without altering its water use efficiency (2.57 g L−1), evaluated under drought stress. Due to its constant water use efficiency and the high phenotypic plasticity, black locust could become an important species to be cultivated on marginal land.

scholarly journals Strategies for Improved Water Use Efficiency (WUE) of Field-Grown Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under a Semi-Arid Climate

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Michelon ◽  
Giuseppina Pennisi ◽  
Nang Ohn Myint ◽  
Francesco Orsini ◽  
Giorgio Gianquinto
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Semi Arid

Water use efficiency is a main research target in agriculture, which consumes 70% of global freshwater. This study aimed at identifying sustainable water management strategies for the lettuce crop in a semi-arid climate. Three independent experiments were carried out on a commercial variety of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) by applying different irrigation levels based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc), estimated through both the Hargreaves–Samani and Penman–Monteith equations. In the first experiment, one treatment was also guided by soil moisture sensors. In the second and third experiments, a factorial combination was used, combining the different irrigation levels with two soil mulching treatments, namely soil without mulch, and soil mulched with dried rice straw residues. The application of different irrigation levels significantly affected plant growth, yield, and physiology. Both the adoption of sensors for guiding irrigation and the application of mulching with straw promoted higher yield. As the irrigation water level was reduced, the WUE (water use efficiency) increased. WUE was also increased by covering the soil with mulch. The experiments point out that accurate management of irrigation water using a drip irrigation system associated with soil mulching increases yield and improves the WUE of lettuce crops in the Central Dry Zone, Myanmar.

scholarly journals Carrot yield and water-use efficiency under different mulching, organic fertilization and irrigation levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 445-450
Author(s):  
Daniel F. de Carvalho ◽  
Daniela P. Gomes ◽  
Dionizio H. de Oliveira Neto ◽  
José G. M. Guerra ◽  
Janaína R. C. Rouws ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Water Depths

ABSTRACT This study was carried out to evaluate the contributions to the optimization of water use in a carrot crop under different forms of mulch using Gliricidia sepium, fertilization with castor bean cakes and irrigation water depths. The experiment was conducted in Seropédica, RJ, Brazil (22º 46’ S and 43º 41’ W), from June to September 2010. The experiment was conducted using a split-split-plot scheme (5 x 3 x 2), with four replicates. The five plots had irrigation depths corresponding to 0, 43, 72, 100 and 120% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc); the three subplots contained the different forms of mulch (whole leaves (WL) and chopped leaves and branches (CLB)) and the absence of mulch (AM); and the two sub-subplots contained either the presence (PF) or absence of fertilization (AF). Using time domain reflectometry (TDR) in the irrigation management, water depths ranging from 67.8 to 285.5 mm were applied. The use of mulch in association with fertilization led to higher yields and water-use efficiency (WUE) of the carrot plants, and the mulch composed of WL performed best. The application of irrigation depths corresponding to 97% of ETc promoted the highest carrot yields, although the highest values of WUE were observed, with irrigation depths corresponding to a range from 51 to 68% of ETc.

Response of wheat growth and CO2 assimilation to altering root-zone temperature

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2698-2702 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Al-Hamdani ◽  
G. W. Todd ◽  
D. A. Francko
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Leaf Conductance ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Zone Temperature

Wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L. var. Chisholm) grown at an air temperature of 23 °C and a root-zone temperature of 3 °C exhibited a significant reduction in shoot and root dry weight and leaf area compared with plants grown at a root-zone temperature of 23 °C. This reduction was correlated with a significantly lower CO2 assimilation rate that was associated with lower leaf conductance, lower internal CO2 concentration, and more negative water potential. Low CO2 assimilation rate was also associated with high starch and total soluble sugar levels in the shoot, less translocation of photosynthate, and possibly less sink demand. Leaf chlorophyll concentration was not affected by altering the root-zone temperature, whereas water use efficiency of plants grown at a root-zone temperature of 3 °C was as much as 1.5 times higher as those grown at 23 °C. Key words: carbohydrate, chlorophyll, photosynthate partitioning, leaf conductance, water potential, water use efficiency.

scholarly journals Effects of a Nonionic Surfactant on Growth, Photosynthesis, and Transpiration of New Guinea Impatiens in the Greenhouse1

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Jeff L. Sibley ◽  
Xiaomei Yang ◽  
Wenliang Lu ◽  
D. Joseph Eakes ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
New Guinea Impatiens

Abstract Production of quality greenhouse and nursery crops is dependent on high quality and quantities of water. At present, in some regions, insufficient water supply is a growing concern. This study was conducted to evaluate growth of New Guinea impatiens (Impatiens hawkerii 'Celebrate Salmon'), when watered with a polyoxyethylenesorbitan monolaurate (C58H114O26) solution commercially known as Tween 20, at differing irrigation levels compared with a conventional water regimen without the surfactant, and also to determine how Tween 20 would affect photosynthesis and transpiration. The treatment design was a 3 by 6 complete factorial design plus a control. The two factors were irrigation and Tween 20. Irrigation levels of 20%, 40%, or 60% of the full crop evapotranspiration (ET) requirements were used in combination with Tween 20 concentrations of either 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 125 mg·L−1 (0, 0.003338, 0.00668, 0.0100145, 0.01335, or 0.01669 oz per gallon). The control group was watered with tap water to container capacity with about 30% leachate. Evapotranspiration was determined as the difference of the applied water amount minus the leachate of the control. Plants irrigated with Tween 20 from 25 to 125 mg·L−1 (0.003338 to 0.01669 oz per gallon) at the 40% or 60% irrigation level had the same height and growth index as plants in the control after three months of growth. Plant fresh and dry weights were not different between the control and the treatments of Tween 20 from 50 to 125 mg·L−1 (0.00668 to 0.01669 oz per gallon) at the 60% irrigation level or the treatment of Tween 20 at 100 mg·L−1 (0.01335 oz per gallon) at the 40% irrigation level. Tween 20 had no effect on net photosynthetic rate. Tween 20 decreased the amount of transpired water of New Guinea impatiens 'Celebrate Salmon'. When the Tween 20 concentration increased from 0 to 100 mg·L−1 (0 to 0.01335 oz per gallon) at the 60% irrigation level, the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance decreased markedly by 43% and 47%, respectively, and water use efficiency was increased by 47%. Results from this study suggest that Tween 20 is able to increase plant water use efficiency through regulation of stomatal conductance or transpiration under deficit irrigation. Index words: irrigation management, chemigation, source-sink physiology, deficit irrigation, wetting agent, Tween 20, adjuvant. Species used in this study: New Guinea Impatiens (Impatiens hawkerii W. Bull. 'Celebrate Salmon'). Chemicals used in this study: Tween 20 (polyoxyethylenesorbitan monolaurate). (aka: polysorbate 20, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate)

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