scholarly journals The Relationship between Primary Energy Consumption and Real Gross Domestic Product: Evidence from Major Asian Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Chi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Real Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Growth Hypothesis

This study examines the relationship between primary energy consumption (PEC) and real gross domestic product (real GDP) in the top four major energy consumers in Asia, namely, China, India, Japan, and South Korea. The study period is from 1982–2018, covering 37 years of data after the second oil crisis (1979–1981). Bootstrap panel Granger causality method is applied to examine the causal relationship between PEC and real GDP. This method is capable of controlling cross-sectional dimension and cross-country heterogeneity. In addition, few studies investigate the relevance of real GDP to energy consumption, although real GDP adjusted by inflation provides an accurate picture of a country’s economic situation. Our results contribute to existing literature in the field of PEC and real GDP. Through rigorous empirical research, we derive the main conclusion as follows. The real GDP and PEC of the top four energy consumers in Asia seem to be affected by the burst of the speculative Internet bubble from 2000–2001. Therefore, this study divides the research period into three periods: 1982–2018, 1982–2001, and 2002–2018. During the 1982–2018 period, an independent causal relationship is observed between real GDP and PEC for all four countries, thus supporting the neutrality hypothesis. During the 1982–2001 period, a unidirectional causal relationship running from PEC to real GDP is observed, thus supporting the energy growth hypothesis. Moreover, the coefficient is significantly negative in India; that is, PEC constrains economic development. Thus, the Indian government should reform its energy efficiency and consumption technologies to reduce energy waste. During the 2002–2018 period, an independent causal relationship is observed between real GDP and energy consumption for all four countries, thus supporting the neutrality hypothesis. This study then changes real GDP into nominal GDP and finds a unidirectional causal relationship running from PEC to nominal GDP in South Korea, thus supporting the growth hypothesis. A unidirectional causal relationship is also observed running from nominal GDP to PEC in India, thus supporting the energy conservation hypothesis. As mentioned above, we find that the relationship between PEC and real GDP adjusted by the GDP deflator is weaker than that between PEC and nominal GDP. Nominal GDP strengthens its relationship with PEC through the effect of prices for all the goods and services produced in an economy.

scholarly journals Is the globalization influencing the primary energy consumption? The case of Latin America and Caribbean countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (33) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
Matheus Koengkan
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
Latin America And Caribbean ◽  
The Relationship

This article investigates the relationship between globalization and primary energy consumption in twelve Latin America and Caribbean countries from 1991 to 2012 using the auto-regressive distributive lag (ARDL) methodology. The elasticities results showed that increase of 1% on index globalization exerts a positive impact of 0.4449 % above the primary energy consumption. The variables gross domestic product (GDP) and dioxide carbon emissions (CO2) exert a positive impact in short and long-run, as well as the variable capital account openness has a negative effect in long-run.

scholarly journals Regional collaborative forecast of primary energy consumption in China, Japan and South Korea based on multi-source data combination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Bingchun ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Qingshan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Cooperation ◽  
Regional Coordination ◽  
Energy Consumptions ◽  
Collaborative Prediction ◽  
Cooperation System

This study aims at improving the forecast accuracy of primary energy consumptions in China, Japan and South Korea and verifying the correlation in primary energy consumptions among the neighboring countries. Considering the diversity of primary energy composition, this study selects 6 components of primary energy, including oil, coal, natural gas, nuclear energy, hydropower and renewable energy as characteristic variables. A collaborative prediction model based on SVR for primary energy consumption prediction is proposed to explore the correlation of primary energy consumption among three countries in China, Japan and South Korea. The results show that there is a strong correlation between primary energy consumption when multiple countries make collaborative prediction, among which the primary energy consumption of South Korea has the largest impact on the primary energy consumption of China and Japan. In the primary energy cooperation of China-Japan-South Korea, a primary energy cooperation system with the South Korea as the link should be established through regional coordination to alleviate the shortage of traditional fossil energy.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Effects of Strengthening Building Energy Policy on Multifamily Residential Buildings in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3566
Author(s):  
Byung Chang Kwag ◽  
Sanghee Han ◽  
Gil Tae Kim ◽  
Beobjeon Kim ◽  
Jong Yeob Kim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption

The purposes of this study were to overview the building-energy policy and regulations in South Korea to achieve energy-efficient multifamily residential buildings and analyze the effects of strengthening the building design requirements on their energy performances. The building energy demand intensity showed a linear relationship with the area-weighted average U-values of the building envelope. However, improving the thermal properties of the building envelope was limited to reducing the building-energy demand intensity. In this study, the effects of various energy conservation measures (ECMs) on the building-energy performance were compared. Among the various ECMs, improving the boiler efficiency was found to be the most efficient measure for reducing the building-energy consumption in comparison to other ECMs, whereas the building envelope showed the least impact, because the current U-values are low. However, in terms of the primary energy consumption, the most efficient ECM was the lighting power density because of the different energy sources used by various ECMs and the different conversion factors used to calculate the primary energy consumption based on the source type. This study showed a direction for updating the building-energy policy and regulations, as well as the potential of implementing ECMs, to improve the energy performances of Korean multifamily residential buildings.

scholarly journals The impact of energy consumption on quality of life in the world: methodological aspects of evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 184 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Olena Makarova ◽  
◽  
Tetiana Kalashnikova ◽  
Iryna Novak ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship

The high quality of life in the modern sense is directly related to energy consumption and associated with the provision of «clean» food products and environment, comfortable housing, public and private transport. Increasing the availability of energy for the developing countries allows their residents to live longer and more comfortably. At the same time, in the developed European countries with high quality of life, energy consumption is decreasing due to the implementation of energy efficiency and energy saving policies. The Human Development Index, the world’s best-known and most widely used integrated assessment of quality of life, does not include energy consumption indicators. The aim of our research is to study the relationship between energy consumption and quality of life, and prove the need to consider energy consumption indicators in order to improve the methodology framework for assessing quality of life. Using the method of cluster analysis, 77 countries of the world are grouped according to a set of indicators that characterize income, energy consumption, use of renewable energy sources, and CO2 emissions. As a result, the relationship between the level of human development, which is a universal characteristic of quality of life, and these indicators was identified and evaluated. It has been proved that the most prosperous countries in terms of quality of life and energy use are those in which relatively low indicators of primary energy consumption and CO2 emission are combined with high incomes and human development level. The progressive structure of energy consumption ensures the achievement of a higher quality of living, while high energy consumption is not a sufficient condition for this. Against the background of low levels of total primary energy consumption and GDP per capita, CO2 emissions, as well as a low share of renewable energy in total energy consumption, high quality of life is present mainly in the «new» EU member states, which provide it through rational energy consumption. The average level of human development is inherent in a group of countries of the former USSR (which includes Ukraine), as well as some countries in Latin America, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. At the same time, countries such as China and South Korea are reducing energy consumption owing to technological progress and have a positive dynamics of human development indicators. Instead, low levels of energy consumption in the former Soviet Union and Latin America are due to insufficient sustainability of economic and social development, human development in particular. The obtained results substantiate the need to improve the methodology for assessing the quality of life taking into consideration energy consumption indicators.

Saving Primary Energy Consumption Through Exergy Analysis of Combine Distillation and Power Plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Alhassan Salami Tijani ◽  
Nazri Mohammed ◽  
Werner Witt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Distillation Unit ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption

Industrial heat pumps are heat-recovery systems that allow the temperature ofwaste-heat stream to be increased to a higher, more efficient temperature. Consequently, heat pumps can improve energy efficiency in industrial processes as well as energy savings when conventional passive-heat recovery is not possible. In this paper, possible ways of saving energy in the chemical industry are considered, the objective is to reduce the primary energy (such as coal) consumption of power plant. Particularly the thermodynamic analyses ofintegrating backpressure turbine ofa power plant with distillation units have been considered. Some practical examples such as conventional distillation unit and heat pump are used as a means of reducing primary energy consumption with tangible indications of energy savings. The heat pump distillation is operated via electrical power from the power plant. The exergy efficiency ofthe primary fuel is calculated for different operating range ofthe heat pump distillation. This is then compared with a conventional distillation unit that depends on saturated steam from a power plant as the source of energy. The results obtained show that heat pump distillation is an economic way to save energy if the temperaturedifference between the overhead and the bottom is small. Based on the result, the energy saved by the application of a heat pump distillation is improved compared to conventional distillation unit.

scholarly journals Decarbonization of Residential Building Energy Supply: Impact of Cogeneration System Performance on Energy, Environment, and Economics

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2538
Author(s):  
Praveen K. Cheekatamarla
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
The Impact

Electrical and thermal loads of residential buildings present a unique opportunity for onsite power generation, and concomitant thermal energy generation, storage, and utilization, to decrease primary energy consumption and carbon dioxide intensity. This approach also improves resiliency and ability to address peak load burden effectively. Demand response programs and grid-interactive buildings are also essential to meet the energy needs of the 21st century while addressing climate impact. Given the significance of the scale of building energy consumption, this study investigates how cogeneration systems influence the primary energy consumption and carbon footprint in residential buildings. The impact of onsite power generation capacity, its electrical and thermal efficiency, and its cost, on total primary energy consumption, equivalent carbon dioxide emissions, operating expenditure, and, most importantly, thermal and electrical energy balance, is presented. The conditions at which a cogeneration approach loses its advantage as an energy efficient residential resource are identified as a function of electrical grid’s carbon footprint and primary energy efficiency. Compared to a heat pump heating system with a coefficient of performance (COP) of three, a 0.5 kW cogeneration system with 40% electrical efficiency is shown to lose its environmental benefit if the electrical grid’s carbon dioxide intensity falls below 0.4 kg CO2 per kWh electricity.

scholarly journals Assessment Methodology for Efficiency, CO2-Emissions and Primary Energy Consumption for Refrigeration Technologies in the Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 882 ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
Matthias Koppmann ◽  
Raphael Lechner ◽  
Tom Goßner ◽  
Markus Brautsch
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Assessment Methodology ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Chp System ◽  
The Individual

Process cooling and air conditioning are becoming increasingly important in the industry. Refrigeration is still mostly accomplished with compression chillers, although alternative technologies are available on the market that can be more efficient for specific applications. Within the scope of the project “EffiCool” a technology toolbox is currently being developed, which is intended to assist industrials users in selecting energy efficient and eco-friendly cooling solutions. In order to assess different refrigeration options a consistent methodology was developed. The refrigeration technologies are assessed regarding their efficiency, CO2-emissions and primary energy consumption. For CCHP systems an exergetic allocation method was implemented. Two scenarios with A) a compression chiller and B) an absorption chiller coupled to a natural gas CHP system were calculated exemplarily, showing a greater overall efficiency for the CCHP system, although the individual COP of the chiller is considerably lower.

Performance analysis of a combined cooling, heating, and power system driven by a waste biomass fired Stirling engine

2010 ◽  
Vol 225 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Harrod ◽  
P J Mago
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Stirling Engine ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Excess Production ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
Combined Cooling

Due to the soaring costs and demand of energy in recent years, combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems have arisen as an alternative to conventional power generation based on their potential to provide reductions in cost, primary energy consumption, and emissions. However, the application of these systems is commonly limited to internal combustion engine prime movers that use natural gas as the primary fuel source. Investigation of more efficient prime movers and renewable fuel applications is an integral part of improving CCHP technology. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyse the performance of a CCHP system driven by a biomass fired Stirling engine. The study is carried out by considering an hour-by-hour CCHP simulation for a small office building located in Atlanta, Georgia. The hourly thermal and electrical demands for the building were obtained using the EnergyPlus software. Results for burning waste wood chip biomass are compared to results obtained burning natural gas to illustrate the effects of fuel choice and prime mover power output on the overall CCHP system performance. Based on the specified utility rates and including excess production buyback, the results suggest that fuel prices of less than $23/MWh must be maintained for savings in cost compared to the conventional case. In addition, the performance of the CCHP system using the Stirling engine is compared with the conventional system performance. This comparison is based on operational cost and primary energy consumption. When electricity can be sold back to the grid, results indicate that a wood chip fired system yields a potential cost savings of up to 50 per cent and a 20 per cent increase in primary energy consumption as compared with the conventional system. On the other hand, a natural gas fired system is shown to be ineffective for cost and primary energy consumption savings with increases of up to 85 per cent and 24 per cent compared to the conventional case, respectively. The variations in the operational cost and primary energy consumption are also shown to be sensitive to the electricity excess production and buyback rate.

Impacts of Real Depreciation and Appreciation on Aggregate Output in Taiwan

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Yu Hsing
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Real Interest Rate ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Real Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Expected Inflation ◽  
Deficit Spending

Extending the IS-MP-AS model, this article finds that real depreciation helped to raise real gross domestic product (GDP) during 1999.Q1-2010.Q2 whereas real appreciation helped to increase real GDP during 2010.Q3-2016.Q4. In addition, a lower world real interest rate, a higher stock price, a higher real oil price or a lower expected inflation would increase real GDP. More deficit spending as a percent of GDP does not affect real GDP.JEL Classification: F41, E62

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