scholarly journals Response of Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Plants to Spraying by Hydrogen Peroxide

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Szpunar-Krok ◽  
Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek ◽  
Karol Skrobacz ◽  
Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro ◽  
Maciej Balawejder
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
H2o2 Concentration ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Biocidal Properties ◽  
Photosynthetic Attributes

The biocidal properties of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) could be used in plant protection. However, the effects of H2O2 foliar spraying on the performance of the potato photosynthetic apparatus are still unclear. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar spraying, which was done twice, with various H2O2 concentrations (1, 3, 6, 12, and 18%) on the potato photosynthetic apparatus efficiency and antioxidant capacity. The measurements were taken four times: on the first and seventh day after each application. Foliar spraying with 1% H2O2 concentration was the most stimulating for the course of physiological processes in leaves. Further increased doses of H2O2 enhanced stress in plants which is manifested by a decrease in pigment levels, photosynthetic attributes, antioxidant capacity in leaves, and fresh mass above-ground parts of potato plants. The intensive effect of spraying was particularly observed on the first day after application, while later, the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus and antioxidant capacity increased. The study provides information that foliar spraying with 1% H2O2 can be taken into account in further research on the development of a potato plant protection methods.

scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Properties of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Response to Ozone-Induced Oxidative Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1745
Author(s):  
Ewa Szpunar-Krok ◽  
Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek ◽  
Dagmara Migut ◽  
Karol Skrobacz ◽  
Tomasz Piechowiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Safe Dose ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Properties

We investigated the changes in the physiological and biochemical properties of potato plants exposed to differing ozone (O3) concentrations (5 ppm, 10 ppm) and exposure times (2, 4, 8, 12, 16 min) to determine the safe dose that could be used in crop protection programs. We measured the gas exchange, relative chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence and total antioxidant capacity in potato leaves exposed to O3 fumigation. The fresh weight (FW) of the aboveground part of the plants and a visual assessment of plant condition were determined after the end of the experiment. The plants were given two O3 treatments and measurements were carried out four times: on the 1st and 7th day after treatment. We conclude that O3 exposure time had a greater impact on the reduction in the efficiency of the potato photosynthetic apparatus than O3 concentration. Research has showed that O3 in 5 ppm concentration for 2 and 4 min and 10 ppm for 2 min increased the efficiency of the photosynthesis and antioxidant activity in leaf processes, and these doses could be taken into account in further research on the potential for using O3 in potato protection.

Uji Toksisitas Beberapa Fungisida Nabati terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum) pada Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) secara In Vitro (Toxicity Test of several Biofungicides in controlling Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) in Potato Plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) by In Vitro)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Ghea Dotulong ◽  
Stella Umboh ◽  
Johanis Pelealu
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity Test

Uji Toksisitas Beberapa Fungisida Nabati terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum) pada Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) secara In Vitro (Toxicity Test of several Biofungicides in controlling Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) in Potato Plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) by In Vitro) Ghea Dotulong1*), Stella Umboh1), Johanis Pelealu1), 1) Program Studi Biologi, FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115*Email korespondensi: [email protected] Diterima 9 Juli 2019, diterima untuk dipublikasi 10 Agustus 2019 Abstrak Tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) adalah salah satu tanaman hortikultura yang sering mengalami penurunan dari segi produksi dan produktivitasnya, akibat adanya serangan penyakit layu yang salah satunya disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi toksisitas beberapa fungisida nabati dalam mengendalikan penyakit Layu Fusarium (F. oxysporum) pada tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) secara In Vitro. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode umpan beracun. Data dianalisis dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan Analisis Varian (ANAVA) yang dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan metode BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil). Hasil Penelitian, diperoleh nilai toksisitas fungisida nabati tertinggi yaitu pada ekstrak daun sirsak dengan nilai HR (69,44%), kategori berpengaruh, ditandai dengan diameter koloni 2,75 cm (100ppm) dan yang terendah toksisitasnya yaitu pada ekstrak daun jeruk purut dengan nilai HR (49,81%), kategori cukup berpengaruh ditandai dengan diameter koloni 3,75 cm (25ppm). Semakin tinggi konsentrasi yang diujikan maka semakin tinggi toksisitas dari fungisida nabati yang diberikan.Kata Kunci: fungisida nabati, Fusarium oxysporum, tanaman kentang, In Vitro Abstract Potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the horticulture plants which often decreases in terms of production and productivity, due to the attack of wilt, one of which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity of several biofungicides in controlling Fusarium wilt (F. oxysporum) in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Vitro. The research method used was the In Vitro method with the poison bait method. Data were analyzed by Completely Randomized Design with Variant Analysis (ANAVA), followed by the BNT method. The results showed that the highest biofungicide toxicity value was soursop leaf extract with HR values (69.44%), influential categories, characterized by colony diameter 2.75 cm (100ppm) and the lowest toxicity, namely in kaffir lime leaf extract with a value of HR (49.81%), quite influential category was characterized by colony diameter of 3.75 cm (25ppm). The higher the concentration tested, the higher the toxicity of the biofungicide given.Keywords: biofungicides, Fusarium oxysporum, Potato Plants, In Vitro.

scholarly journals Improvement of the photosynthetic activity of Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) through foliar application of a nitrophenolate–based biostimulant

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Sławomir Kocira ◽  
Agnieszka Sujak ◽  
Tomasz Oniszczuk ◽  
Agnieszka Szparaga ◽  
Mariusz Szymanek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Reported Study

Application of biostimulants instigates many physiological processes that enhance nutrition efficiency, abiotic stress tolerance, and quality traits of crops, regardless of their nutrient content. One of such preparations is Atonik which contains nitrophenol compounds naturally occurring in plant cells. Several studies have confirmed its beneficial effect on the growth, development, and improved metabolic activity of plants. Therefore, it seems advisable to investigate the effect of Atonik preparation on the photosynthetic activity of Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). The reported study was carried out in 2014 in Perespa, Poland. Over the growing season, Atonik was foliar-applied at a dose of 0.3 L/ha (0.1%) and 0.6 L/ha (0.2%) by single and double spraying of plants. Chlorophyll content and nitrogen status (N) were estimated by a Chlorophyll Meter SPAD-502 Plus. The foliar application of Atonik was found to improve the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus and chlorophyll content in the leaves of Dracocephalum moldavica plants, but the results were dependent on biostimulant concentration and number of its applications, and on the date of measurement. To conclude, Atonik is an environmental-friendly preparation which has a positive impact on the metabolic processes of plants.

scholarly journals The Redox-Sensitive Transcriptional Activator OxyR Regulates the Peroxide Response Regulon in the Obligate AnaerobeBacteroides fragilis

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (18) ◽  
pp. 5059-5069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson R. Rocha ◽  
Gary Owens ◽  
C. Jeffrey Smith
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Transcriptional Activator ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Northern Blotting ◽  
Oxygen Exposure ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Constitutive Response ◽  
Fusion Analysis

ABSTRACT The peroxide response-inducible genes ahpCF,dps, and katB in the obligate anaerobeBacteroides fragilis are controlled by the redox-sensitive transcriptional activator OxyR. This is the first functional oxidative stress regulator identified and characterized in anaerobic bacteria.oxyR and dps were found to be divergently transcribed, with an overlap in their respective promoter regulatory regions. B. fragilis OxyR and Dps proteins showed high identity to homologues from a closely related anaerobe,Porphyromonas gingivalis. Northern blot analysis revealed that oxyR was expressed as a monocistronic 1-kb mRNA and that dps mRNA was approximately 500 bases in length.dps mRNA was induced over 500-fold by oxidative stress in the parent strain and was constitutively induced in the peroxide-resistant mutant IB263. The constitutive peroxide response in strain IB263 was shown to have resulted from a missense mutation at codon 202 (GAT to GGT) of the oxyR gene [oxyR(Con)] with a predicted D202G substitution in the OxyR protein. Transcriptional fusion analysis revealed that deletion ofoxyR abolished the induction of ahpC andkatB following treatment with hydrogen peroxide or oxygen exposure. However, dps expression was induced approximately fourfold by oxygen exposure in ΔoxyR strains but not by hydrogen peroxide. This indicates that dps expression is also under the control of an oxygen-dependent OxyR-independent mechanism. Complementation of ΔoxyR mutant strains with wild-type oxyR and oxyR(Con) restored the inducible peroxide response and the constitutive response of theahpCF, katB, and dps genes, respectively. However, overexpression of OxyR abolished the catalase activity but not katB expression, suggesting that higher levels of intracellular OxyR may be involved in other physiological processes. Analysis of oxyR expression in the parents and in ΔoxyR and overexpressing oxyR strains by Northern blotting and oxyR′::xylBfusions revealed that B. fragilis OxyR does not control its own expression.

scholarly journals Silicon reduces aluminum content in tissues and ameliorates its toxic effects on potato plant growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athos Odin Severo Dorneles ◽  
Aline Soares Pereira ◽  
Liana Verônica Rossato ◽  
Gessieli Possebom ◽  
Victória Martini Sasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Element ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Aluminum Content ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Tolerant Genotype

ABSTRACT: Aluminum (Al) is highly toxic to plants, causing stress and inhibiting growth and silicon (Si) is considered beneficial for plants. This chemical element has a high affinity with Al. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of Si to mitigate the toxic effects of Al on potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) plants and assess whether this behavior is different among genotypes with differing degrees of sensitivity to Al. Potato plants of the genotypes SMIJ319-7 (Al-sensitive) and SMIF212-3 (Al-tolerant) were grown for fourteen days in nutrient solution (without P and pH 4.5±0.1) under exposure to combinations of Al (0 and 1.85mM) and Si (0, 0.5 and 1.0mM). After this period, shoot and roots of the two genotypes were collected to determine Al content in tissues and assess morphological parameters of root and shoot growth. Roots of both genotypes accumulated more Al than shoots and the Al-tolerant genotype accumulated more Al than the sensitive one, both in roots and in shoot. Furthermore, the presence of 0.5 and 1.0mM Si together with Al reduced the Al content in shoot in both genotypes and in roots of the Al-tolerant genotype, respectively. Si ameliorated the toxic effects of Al with regard to number of root branches and leaf number in both potato genotypes. Si has the potential to mitigate the toxic effects of Al in potato plants regardless of Al sensitivity.

Uptake of Plutonium-238 into Solanum tuberosum L. (potato plants) in presence of complexing agent EDTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 178-179 ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Frank Tawussi ◽  
Dharmendra K. Gupta ◽  
Elena L. Mühr-Ebert ◽  
Stephanie Schneider ◽  
Stefan Bister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Potato Plants

scholarly journals Novel Nanobiocomposites Based on Natural Polysaccharides as Universal Trophic Low-Dose Micronutrients

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 12006
Author(s):  
Spartak S. Khutsishvili ◽  
Alla I. Perfileva ◽  
Olga A. Nozhkina ◽  
Tatjana V. Ganenko ◽  
Konstantin V. Krutovsky
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Phytopathogenic Bacterium ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic

New promising manganese-containing nanobiocomposites (NCs) based on natural polysaccharides, arabinogalactan (AG), arabinogalactan sulfate (AGS), and κ-carrageenan (κ-CG) were studied to develop novel multi-purpose trophic low-dose organomineral fertilizers. The general toxicological effects of manganese (Mn) on the vegetation of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) was evaluated in this study. The essential physicochemical properties of this trace element in plant tissues, such as its elemental analysis and its spectroscopic parameters in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), were determined. Potato plants grown in an NC-containing medium demonstrated better biometric parameters than in the control medium, and no Mn accumulated in plant tissues. In addition, the synthesized NCs demonstrated a pronounced antibacterial effect against the phytopathogenic bacterium Clavibacter sepedonicus (Cms) and were proved to be safe for natural soil microflora.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF LIGHT AND HEAVY LANTHANIDES ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF Taraxacum hybernum

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Spl-2-AABAS) ◽  
pp. S298-S302
Author(s):  
Vladimir Nikolaevich Vorob’ev ◽  
◽  
Sergei Fedorovich Kotov ◽  
Vera Vladimirovna Nikolenko ◽  
Denis Vladimirovich Tishin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Reaction Centers ◽  
Efficiency Change ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Antenna Complex ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Light Lanthanide ◽  
Heavy Lanthanides ◽  
High Concentrations

The current study was carried out to study the influence of light and heavy lanthanides on the physiological process of Crimean-Sagyz/ Krim-saghyz (dandelion - Taraxacum hybernum). Lanthanide belongs to the group of light or heavy; infiltration of dandelion (Crimean saghyz) seeds with light and heavy lanthanides solutions increased the germination energy by 26%. The differences in the influence of light (cerium) and heavy (lutetium) were manifested in the quantum efficiency change of the photosystem 2 (PS II). Treatment of leaves with high concentrations (100 µM) led to a decrease of Y (II), moreover, under the influence of light lanthanide, the decrease was greater by 21%. It is assumed that the effect of the used lanthanides on the dandelion photosynthetic apparatus is multidirectional. Cerium influenced the PS II antenna complex, and lutetium influenced the reaction centers. A 10-fold decrease in the concentration did not change the nature of cerium action, except that Y (II) was restored already on the second day after treatment. The effect of lutetium became noticeable only by the 8th day after treatment when Y (II) became higher than that of untreated plants. Thus, the results of the study suggested that in dandelion leaves, lanthanides with a concentration of 10 µM increased the quantum efficiency of PS II in contrast to cerium.

scholarly journals Etude Des Effets Des Régulateurs De Croissance Sur La Les Stades De Prolifération Et De Développement De La Pomme De Terre (Solanum Tuberosum. L) In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Sadek Chahredine ◽  
Nadia Ykhlef
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Régulateurs De Croissance ◽  
Role Of Light

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of different concentrations and combinations of the phytohormones, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP): M1 (0.5 mg / l +1 mg / l), M2 (1 mg / l + 0.5 mg / l) , M3 (2 mg / l +2 mg / l), M4 (0.5 mg / l + l mg / l, NAA), M5 (1.0 mg / l + l mg / l , NAA), and M6 (2.0 mg / l + l mg / l, NAA). This study was carried out in dark condition on callus induction of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars from potato tuber bud so as to demonstrate the role of light. The callus initiation begins after 7 days of incubation for all studied media. After two months of incubation, the better development of callus was noted in Spunta variety by using medium M1, M2, M3, and M6. The calluses took a compact structure of brown-white color for both varieties with a callus induction rate of 20- 40%. This was collected with kondor variety for M2 and (M3, M4, M5) media respectively and 10-30% for M4 (M1, M2, M3) for Spunta variety also. The highest fresh weight was recorded on M2 medium with 0.26g for Kondor variety and 0.93g for Spunta variety.

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