scholarly journals Dockless E-Scooter: A Green Solution for Mobility? Comparative Case Study between Dockless E-Scooters, Displaced Transport, and Personal E-Scooters

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélie Moreau ◽  
Loïc de Jamblinne de Meux ◽  
Vanessa Zeller ◽  
Pierre D’Ans ◽  
Coline Ruwet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Product Service ◽  
Fossil Resource ◽  
Green Solution ◽  
The Impact

This study applies a life cycle assessment (LCA) to the shared dockless standing e-scooter system that is established in Brussels. The results are given for four impact categories: global warming potential (GWP), particulate matter formation, mineral resource, and fossil resource scarcity. Regarding GWP, the use of the shared e-scooters in the current system causes 131 g of CO2-eq. per passenger-kilometer while the mode of transportation displaced has an impact of 110 g of CO2-eq. Thus, at present, the use of e-scooters shows a higher impact than the transportation modes they replace. The high results for the shared e-scooter, in terms of GWP, are mainly caused by the short lifespan of the shared e-scooter. Nevertheless, as the market further matures, the lifespan of e-scooters could increase and the impact per kilometer travelled could decrease accordingly. Regarding the use of the personal e-scooter, the LCA results show an impact of around 67 g of CO2-eq. This study quantifies the LC impacts of the current situation based on local, ‘real-life’ data. However, potential changes on soft mobility patterns induced by the use-oriented product-service system (PSS), such as a shared e-scooter system, could not be quantified.

Effectiveness, Safety, and Costs of Dolutegravir/Abacavir/Lamivudine Single-Tablet Regimen in a Real-Life Cohort of HIV-1 Adult Infected Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 633-643
Author(s):  
Carmen Guadalupe Rodriguez-Gonzalez ◽  
Esther Chamorro-de-Vega ◽  
Cristina Ortega-Navarro ◽  
Roberto Alonso ◽  
Ana Herranz-Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Pill Burden ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Single Tablet Regimen ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Treat Analysis

Background: Real-life data on single-tablet regimen (STR) dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine (DTG/ABC/3TC) is scarce, and concerns about DTG neuropsychiatric adverse events (NP-AEs) have recently arisen. Objective: To explore the effectiveness and safety, in particular NP-AEs, of DTG/ABC/3TC in a cohort of HIV-1 adult infected patients. Pill burden, adherence to this STR, and the impact of switching on costs were also evaluated. Methods: This was an observational, retrospective study. The study population included antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive and treatment-experienced (TE) patients who started DTG/ABC/3TC between February 1, 2016, and October 31, 2016. Effectiveness and safety were analyzed at week 48 (W48) by intention-to-treat analysis. The Cox regression model was used to investigate predictors of DTG/ABC/3TC discontinuation. Results: A total of 253 patients were included (44 ART naïve, 209 TE). At W48, the proportion of patients with virological suppression was 72.7% (95% CI = 58.4-87.0) in ART-naive patients, 85.6% (95% CI = 80.3-90.9) in previously suppressed TE patients, and 86.4% (95% CI = 65.1-97.1) in previously not suppressed TE patients. The rate of protocol-defined virological failure was 4.3%. The incidence of AEs was higher in the subgroup of ART-naive patients (56.1% vs 39.0%), with a rate of interruptions for this reason of 13.6% and 7.6%, respectively. The incidence of NP-AEs was 20.6%, with 3.9% of patients requiring discontinuation. Patients who had switched from a raltegravir-containing regimen discontinued DTG/ABC/3TC because of AEs more frequently (relative risk = 2.83; 95% CI = 1.04-7.72; P = 0.041) in the multivariate analysis. After switching to DTG/ABC/3TC, the median pill burden was reduced from 3 to 1 and the proportion of patients with an adherence <90%, from 20.1% to 12.0%. The annual per-patient ART costs increased by €48 (0.6% increase). Conclusion and Relevance: DTG/ABC/3TC is an effective strategy as first-line and switching ART. Our data suggest a worse tolerance in ART-naive patients, although the rate of discontinuation resulting from NP-AEs was relatively low. In the short-term, the adherence was slightly improved without significant changes in costs.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 pandemics on dermatologic surgery: real-life data from the Italian Red-Zone

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Laura Cristina Gironi ◽  
Paolo Boggio ◽  
Roberto Giorgione ◽  
Elia Esposto ◽  
Vanessa Tarantino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Dermatologic Surgery ◽  
Life Data ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Comparing COVID-19 vaccines for their characteristics, efficacy and effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiolet ◽  
Yousra Kherabi ◽  
Conor MacDonald ◽  
Jade Ghosn ◽  
Nathan Peiffer-Smadja
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
National Drug ◽  
Phase Iii Trials ◽  
The Impact

Vaccines are critical cost-effective tools to control the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the emergence of more transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants may threaten the potential herd immunity sought from mass vaccination campaigns.The objective of this study was to provide an up-to-date comparative analysis of the characteristics, adverse events, efficacy, effectiveness and impact of the variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta) for fourteen currently authorized COVID-19 vaccines (BNT16b2, mRNA-1273, AZD1222, Ad26.COV2.S, Sputnik V, NVX-CoV2373, Ad5-nCoV, CoronaVac, BBIBP-CorV, COVAXIN, Wuhan Sinopharm vaccine, QazCovid-In, Abdala and ZF200) and two vaccines (CVnCoV and NVX-CoV2373) currently in rolling review in several national drug agencies.Overall, all COVID-19 vaccines had a high efficacy against the traditional strain and the variants of SARS-CoV-2, and were well tolerated. BNT162b2, mRNA-1273 and Sputnik V had the highest efficacy (&gt;90%) after two doses at preventing symptomatic cases in phase III trials. Efficacy was ranging from 10.4% for AZD1222 in South Africa to 50% for NVX-CoV2373 in South Africa and 50 % for CoronaVac in Brazil, where the 501YV.2 and P1 variants were dominant. Seroneutralization studies showed a negligible reduction in neutralization activity against Alpha for most of vaccines, whereas the impact was modest for Delta. Beta and Gamma exhibited a greater reduction in neutralizing activity for mRNA vaccines, Sputnik V and CoronaVac. Regarding observational real-life data, most studies concerned the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. Full immunization with mRNA vaccines effectively prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection against Alpha and Beta. All vaccines appeared to be safe and effective tools to prevent symptomatic and severe COVID-19, hospitalization and death against all variants of concern, but the quality of evidence greatly varied depending on the vaccines considered. There are remaining questions regarding specific populations excluded from trials, the duration of immunity and heterologous vaccination. Serious adverse event and particularly anaphylaxis (2.5-4.7 cases per million doses among adults) and myocarditis (3.5 cases per million) for mRNA vaccines ; thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome for Janssen vaccine (3 cases per million) and AstraZeneca vaccine (2 cases per million) and Guillain-Barre syndrome (7.8 cases per million) for Janssen vaccine are very rare. COVID-19 vaccine benefits outweigh risks, despite rare serious adverse effect.

Assessing the performances of a chatbot to collect real-life data of patients with migraine (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Chaix ◽  
Jean-Emmanuel Bibault ◽  
Guillaume Delamon ◽  
Mickaël Neraal ◽  
Julien Moussalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Remote Diagnosis ◽  
Medical Assessment ◽  
Life Data ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Assessment Scales

BACKGROUND There are many scales for screening or assessing the impact of a disease. These scales are generally used to diagnose or assess the severity of a disease and are carried out by doctors. The Vik Migraine chatbot helps patients suffering from headaches through personalized text messages, it could be used to collect patient-reported outcomes. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were (1) to assess the feasibility of collecting a chatbot-mediated reference scale, (2) perform a remote diagnosis of the severity of the migraines and (3) assess the patient satisfaction and engagement with the chatbot. METHODS This study was conducted in France from December 2019 to March 2020. Voluntary users of the chatbot Vik Migraine were recruited online. They had to be adults and suffer from chronic migraines. An adapted version of the IHS questionnaire was presented to the participants by text messages. The Lickert scale ranging from 1 to 5 was used to assess overall satisfaction with the use of Vik Migraine. RESULTS We included 636 participants with migraines or headaches. A total of 89.94% (572) participants had fully completed the IHS questionnaire (8 items), 4.72% (30) had partially completed it and 5.35% (34) had refused to complete it. The evaluation of overall satisfaction shows that a total of 80.7% (513) of users agreed or strongly agreed with the affirmation that Vik Migraine provides quality answers about the pathology or its information. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesized that a virtual assistant built to support migraine patients could be used to retrieve patient data remotely, such as medical assessment scales. The study confirmed this hypothesis and showed that users were strongly engaged through to chatbot: out of the total number of participants, we observed a very low number of uncompleted questionnaires.

scholarly journals A teaching tool about the fickle p value and other statistical principles based on real-life data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salem Alawbathani ◽  
Mehreen Batool ◽  
Jan Fleckhaus ◽  
Sarkawt Hamad ◽  
Floyd Hassenrück ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Real Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Life Data ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA poor understanding of statistical analysis has been proposed as a key reason for lack of replicability of many studies in experimental biomedicine. While several authors have demonstrated the fickleness of calculated p values based on simulations, we have experienced that such simulations are difficult to understand for many biomedical scientists and often do not lead to a sound understanding of the role of variability between random samples in statistical analysis. Therefore, we as trainees and trainers in a course of statistics for biomedical scientists have used real data from a large published study to develop a tool that allows scientists to directly experience the fickleness of p values. A tool based on a commonly used software package was developed that allows using random samples from real data. The tool is described and together with the underlying database is made available. The tool has been tested successfully in multiple other groups of biomedical scientists. It can also let trainees experience the impact of randomness, sample sizes and choice of specific statistical test on measured p values. We propose that live exercises based on real data will be more impactful in the training of biomedical scientists on statistical concepts.

scholarly journals Gathering Energy of the Stray Currents in Electrified Railways Environment for Power Supply

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6206
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Wieczorek ◽  
Krzysztof Bernacki ◽  
Zbigniew Rymarski ◽  
Wojciech Oliwa
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Useful Power ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Zero Potential ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents a new, unconventional energy harvesting (EH) method for supplying low-power devices on electrified railway lines that utilises stray currents and the non-zero potential of the rails to the ground. The EH device gathers the energy and stores it in batteries. It could even work in extremely unfavourable weather conditions and could be easily placed in almost any location. The presented real-life data show that the average available power is less than 250 mW and the average useful power is about 100 mW. This is enough to supply ultra-low power microcontrollers, which only occasionally use energy-consuming modules to perform measurements or communicate. The disadvantage of the EH method is the introduction of resistance between the rail and the earth, which increases stray currents and could increase the electrochemical corrosion of the rail. To reduce the impact of this resistance, a method for balancing the flowing charge is proposed. After balancing, the average of the flowing current is zero and electrochemical corrosion should be reduced. The proposed charge balancing algorithms could reduce the unbalanced charge to nearly zero at the expense of energy gathering efficiency, which decreases by 20–40%.

scholarly journals Vehicle to Grid Impacts on the Total Cost of Ownership for Electric Vehicle Drivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Dominik Huber ◽  
Quentin De Clerck ◽  
Cedric De Cauwer ◽  
Nikolaos Sapountzoglou ◽  
Thierry Coosemans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Total Cost Of Ownership ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
Life Data ◽  
Cost Of Ownership ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Revenue Streams ◽  
The Impact

Electric vehicles (EV) are foreseen as one major technology toward decarbonizing the mobility sector. At the same time, Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technology opens a new market for EV owners. This article identifies the impacts of providing V2G services on the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of EVs. Thus, we studied EVs in private, semi-public and public charging cases, considering two different V2G revenue streams. The included V2G services were: (i) local load balancing to balance the peaks and valleys of the electricity demands of buildings and (ii) an imbalance service to enhance grid stability. In this paper, the impact of these two V2G services is quantified and considered in the TCO calculations. To the authors’ knowledge, no comparable study incorporating the same V2G services exists in the literature. The TCO is calculated with real-life data for four different EVs currently available in the market. As a result, the V2G TCO ranges from €33.167 to €61.436 over an average of nine years for the Flanders region (Belgium).

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