scholarly journals Sustainability Calculator: A Tool to Assess Sustainability in Cosmetic Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Bom ◽  
Helena Margarida Ribeiro ◽  
Joana Marto
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Cosmetic Product ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Cosmetic Industry ◽  
Negative Impacts

Assessing sustainability is extremely necessary and appears as an industrial need and requirement in order to facilitate decision making and to evaluate the impacts of existing strategies, products and technologies. Thus, the main goal of this research was to develop a sustainability calculator based on the opinion of experts that work in the different branches of the cosmetic industry, in order to cover the entire life cycle of a cosmetic product. A detailed survey in which all the steps of a cosmetic product life cycle were addressed, was designed and applied to cosmetic professionals. The data obtained with the survey was statistically analysed for the positive and negative impacts of each parameter on sustainability. The analysed data allowed the creation of a Microsoft Excel tool that mirrors the experts’ opinion. A proof of concept was also designed in order to prove the usefulness of the tool. The results show that there are no raw materials and/or packaging materials and practices, that can be considered 100% sustainable. However, with the appropriate strategies, it is possible to drastically decrease the impacts of any type of cosmetic product on sustainability. This is a promising tool that includes the three dimensions of sustainability in a simple, fast, objective and interactive way for the user. Its application will facilitate the work of the formulators and reduce the time of analysis and decision.

scholarly journals Sustainability Requirements of Digital Twin-Based Systems: A Meta Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5519
Author(s):  
Rui Carvalho ◽  
Alberto Rodrigues da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Reducing Costs

Sustainable development was defined by the UN in 1987 as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, and this is a core concept in this paper. This work acknowledges the three dimensions of sustainability, i.e., economic, social, and environmental, but its focus is on this last one. A digital twin (DT) is frequently described as a physical entity with a virtual counterpart, and the data, connections between the two, implying the existence of connectors and blocks for efficient and effective data communication. This paper provides a meta systematic literature review (SLR) (i.e., an SLR of SLRs) regarding the sustainability requirements of DT-based systems. Numerous papers on the subject of DT were also selected because they cited the analyzed SLRs and were considered relevant to the purposes of this research. From the selection and analysis of 29 papers, several limitations and challenges were identified: the perceived benefits of DTs are not clearly understood; DTs across the product life cycle or the DT life cycle are not sufficiently studied; it is not clear how DTs can contribute to reducing costs or supporting decision-making; technical implementation of DTs must be improved and better integrated in the context of the IoT; the level of fidelity of DTs is not entirely evaluated in terms of their parameters, accuracy, and level of abstraction; and the ownership of data stored within DTs should be better understood. Furthermore, from our research, it was not possible to find a paper discussing DTs only in regard to environmental sustainability.

The Green Browser: An Information Sharing Tool for Product Life Cycle Design

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Kurakawa ◽  
Takashi Kiriyama ◽  
Yasunori Baba ◽  
Hideki Kobayashi ◽  
Yasushi Umeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Conceptual Scheme ◽  
Life Cycle Model ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
Life Cycle Design ◽  
Strategy Model

Abstract This paper presents the concept and implementation of the Green Browser, which enables designers and consumers to share environmental information. We propose the conceptual scheme of the Green Browser called green life cycle model. This model is intended to represent the product’s environmental impacts over the stages of raw materials, use, recycling, and disposal. The Green Browser has been implemented using WWW and MOO to be able to deal with the strategy model, which is the key element of the green life cycle model. A case study on building the strategy model of refrigerator is presented to illustrate the strategy model.

Remanufacturing Research on Recycling Products of Machinery and Equipment Base on ERM

2012 ◽  
Vol 616-618 ◽  
pp. 1090-1094
Author(s):  
Ying Yin
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Product Life ◽  
Environmentally Responsible ◽  
Product Design Process ◽  
Environmentally Responsible Manufacturing

In the product design process，according to the environmentally responsible manufacturing principle to carry out remanufacturing engineering design，to achieve the purpose of reducing the amount of raw materials, energy conservation and protect the environment, remanufacture is a systemic engineering to consider the product life cycle, which can prolong the life of the product, optimize product design, achieve minimum cost of product life-cycle and maximum efficiency and minimum environmental pollution ultimately.

Contribution of Body Lightweight Design to the Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicles

2014 ◽  
Vol 907 ◽  
pp. 329-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günther Schuh ◽  
Kai Korthals ◽  
Jens Arnoscht
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Material Body ◽  
Energy Turnaround ◽  
Use Phase

In today's society the continuously increasing consumption of raw materials and the associated impacts on the ecosystem tend to be a frequently discussed topic. Especially automobile companies are faced to develop new driving concepts due to the emerging energy turnaround. Usually the components of the conventional drive are replaced by an electric engine including the required energy storage. Without structural changes regarding the chassis this procedure causes an increase in the vehicle ́s weight (Conversion Design). Therefore a new approach is to integrate the battery as a load-bearing member in the vehicle structure and additionally use a weight-optimized multi-material design of the body (Purpose Design). By savings of 25% of the weight of a compact-class vehicle body, a resource-saving and energy-efficient design of the entire vehicle can be achieved. Certainly the innovative multi-material construction contributes significantly to reduce the total energy consumption of the vehicle during the use phase. Based on a Lifecycle-Assessment (LCA) the environmental sustainability of the Purpose Design will be evaluated and compared to the approach of the Conversion Design. In addition to the weight savings of the multi-material body secondary weight reductions regarding the energy storage will be taken into account. The aim is to assess the ecological advantages of the lightweight solution throughout the entire product life cycle comprising the extraction of raw materials, production of the components, use of the product and end of life including the recycling of components. However, these investigations will be carried out for the modified chassis and the lightweight constructed multi-material body. Hence, the processes of the individual life cycle phases will be collected, inventorial analysis carried out and impact assessments performed. According to the LCA it will be tested, if the additional expenses in raw material extraction, production and recycling of the lightweight body justify the expected ecological advantage in the use phase. A final overall analysis will provide information on the actual efficiency and sustainability of the Purpose Design. Due to the parallel creation of the LCA data during the development process the LCA results furthermore serve to detect and monitor significant shortcomings on component and assembly level.

scholarly journals Discounting and life cycle assessment: a distorting measure in assessments, a reasonable instrument for decisions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lueddeckens ◽  
P. Saling ◽  
E. Guenther
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Assessment Practice ◽  
Explicit Result ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distributions ◽  
Discounted Utility ◽  
Future Utility ◽  
Intertemporal Decisions

AbstractAlthough the weighting of environmental impacts against each other is well established in life cycle assessment practice, the weighting of impacts occurring at different points in time is still controversial. This temporal weighting is also known as discounting, which due to its potential to offend principles of intergenerational equity, is often rejected or regarded as unethical. In our literature review, we found multiple disputes regarding the comprehension of discounting. We structured those controversial issues and compared them to the original discounted utility model on which discounting is based. We explain the original theory as an intertemporal decision instrument based on future utility. We conclude that intertemporal equity controversies can be solved if discounting is applied as an individual decision instrument, rather than as an information instrument, which could underestimate environmental damages handed to future generations. Each choice related to discounting—including whether or not to discount, or to discount at a rate of zero—should be well-founded. We illustrate environmental decision-related problems as a multidimensional issue, with at least three dimensions including the type of impact and spatial and temporal distributions. Through discounting framed as a decision instrument, these dimensions can be condensed into an explicit result, from which we can draw analogies to both weighting in life cycle assessment and financial decision instruments. We suggest avoiding discounting in environmental information instruments, such as single-product life cycle assessments, footprints, or labels. However, if alternatives have to be compared, discounting should be applied to support intertemporal decisions and generate meaningful results.

scholarly journals An integrated methodology for the assessment of environmental health implications during thermal decomposition of nano-enabled products

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios A. Sotiriou ◽  
Dilpreet Singh ◽  
Fang Zhang ◽  
Wendel Wohlleben ◽  
Marie-Cecile G. Chalbot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Product Life ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Integrated Methodology ◽  
Materials Used

The regulatory framework of nano-enabled products should be based on properties of the nano-emissions during the product life-cycle rather than the properties of raw materials used in the product synthesis.

scholarly journals PEMBANGUNAN PARIWISATA GLOBAL DI BALI

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1673
Author(s):  
I Nengah Wijaya ◽  
I Nyoman Kanca
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Media ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Right ◽  
Product Sales ◽  
Consumer Tastes

Global Tourism Development is a tourism development that includes tourist areas that are in areas that have a strong and attractive attraction to be developed equally and equal to the existing tourist attraction in Bali that has advanced first, and can improve the development and growth of tourism in Bali can also be used to offset the rate of growth and the spread of the population, so that the level of prosperity can be maintained. The development of tourism in Bali so far we know only concentrated on certain areas and regions that cause negative impacts and saturation because it always uses nature and environment, culture in excess, and will affect the level of comfort and security for tourists who vacation in Bali, tourists do not want more long stay because it is not feel the comfort. Every product generally includes also paririsisata products also experience life cycle that is the period of introduction, growth, maturity, and old age. The period of maturity of pruduk is becoming known and favored by consumers where the sale of the product can reach its peak, therefore industry must be able to maintain the product in fulfilling the consumer's taste, then in the old age, this is the last period of product life cycle marked by the decrease of product sales, sales of technological advances, and changing consumer tastes. By using the right marketing strategy to increase sales of tourism products through the media of perikalan, it can increase the visit and length of stay of tourists who come to Bali.

scholarly journals PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT METHOD AS AN EFFECTIVE COMPLEX OF ACTIONS REGARDING THE ECO-SAFETY OF THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Yevheniia Matis ◽  
Olga Krot
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Iso 14040 ◽  
Product Life ◽  
The Impact

Based on the methods of product life cycle assessment, it is proposed to assess the environmental friendliness of the chemical plant. The LCA method represents the very systematic approach to assessing the environmental impact of production, carried out as a whole over its life cycle from the extraction and processing of raw materials to the use of individual components. It is used to systematically assess the impact of each stage of the production life cycle on the environment. Life cycle inventory analysis includes the collection of data required for the study, as well as the inventory of input (energy, water, raw materials and materials) and output (emissions into the environment, emissions, solid waste disposal, eastern water flows). a system that is a set of single processes interconnected by the flows of semi-finished products used in one or more given functions, with other productive systems and elementary flows with the environment (emissions into the atmosphere, discharges into water). Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a method that should be used to quantify the products and services of the environment carried out during its life cycle (ISO 14040 (2006)). There are several procedures approved by this methodology to support the calculation of the impact on emergencies. The methodology includes commercial software tools that are used directly or indirectly [1]. One of the goals of the LCA is to analyze the development of the production process at the station of emergency facilities. According to ISO 14040 (2006), the product life cycle assessment structure includes: 1) determining the level and scope to limit the study and select a functional unit; 2) analysis of input and output reserves of energy and materials that are important for the study of the research system; 3) life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) to classify environmental impacts; 4) phase interpretation, to test the overall popularity of the conclusion. The LCA can manage information to analyze and support the project and production decision-making process.

scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL ISSUES REGARDING REVERSE LOGISTICS

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana Olariu
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Reverse Logistics ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Logistics Systems ◽  
Product Return ◽  
Forward Logistics

As the power of consumers is growing, the product return for customer service and customer retention has become a common practice in the competitive market, which propels the recent practice of reverse logistics in companies. Many firms attracted by the value available in the flow, have proactively participated in handling returned products at the end of their usefulness or from other parts of the product life cycle. Reverse logistics is the flow and management of products, packaging, components and information from the point of consumption to the point of origin. It is a collection of practices similar to those of supply chain management, but in the opposite direction, from downstream to upstream. It involves activities such as reuse, repair, remanufacture, refurbish, reclaim and recycle. For the conventional forward logistics systems, the flow starts upstream as raw materials, later as manufactured parts and components to be assembled and continues downstream to reach customers as final products to be disposed once they reach their economic or useful lives. In reverse logistics, the disposed products are pushed upstream to be repaired, remanufactured, refurbished, and disassembled into components to be reused or as raw material to be recycled for later use.

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