scholarly journals Disproportionate Water Quality Impacts from the Century-Old Nautanen Copper Mines, Northern Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1394
Author(s):  
Sandra Fischer ◽  
Gunhild Rosqvist ◽  
Sergey R. Chalov ◽  
Jerker Jarsjö
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Local Background ◽  
Long Time

Pollution from small historical mining sites is usually overlooked, in contrast to larger ones. Especially in the Arctic, knowledge gaps remain regarding the long-term mine waste impacts, such as metal leakage, on water quality. We study the small copper (Cu) mines of Nautanen, northern Sweden, which had been in operation for only six years when abandoned approximately 110 years ago in 1908. Measurements from field campaigns in 2017 are compared to synthesized historical measurement data from 1993 to 2014, and our results show that concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Cd on-site as well as downstream from the mining site are order(s) of magnitude higher than the local background values. This is despite the small scale of the Nautanen mining site, the short duration of operation, and the long time since closure. Considering the small amount of waste produced at Nautanen, the metal loads from Nautanen are still surprisingly high compared to the metal loads from larger mines. We argue that disproportionately large amounts of metals may be added to surface water systems from the numerous small abandoned mining sites. Such pollution loads need to be accounted for in sustainable assessments of total pollutant pressures in the relatively vulnerable Arctic environment.

Small 110-year old mine in northern Sweden leaves disproportionately high metal impact on water quality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Fischer ◽  
Gunhild Rosqvist ◽  
Sergey Chalov ◽  
Magnus Mörth ◽  
Jerker Jarsjö
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Historical Mining ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
High Metal

<p>Pollution from small abandoned mines is usually overseen compared to larger historical mining sites. Especially in the Arctic more research is needed on long-term water quality degradation from mine waste (e.g. metal leakage). We have studied changes in water quality from a historical copper (Cu) mining area, Nautanen, northern Sweden, that was shortly in operation for six years before abandonment in 1908 (~110 years ago). Water quality data from previous studies of the site (1993-2014) was compared to results from our own field campaigns in 2017, which provided us with a rare Arctic case study of 25 years of data. The results showed Cu, Zn and Cd concentrations at the mining zone being orders of magnitude larger than local background levels. This was surprising considering Nautanen’s short time of operation, the small scale of the mining site, and the long time since closure. We found no declining trend of metal concentrations over the surveyed 25-year period (1993-2017) and during the past 110 years (1907-2017) a mass flow of 43 tons of Cu was estimated to have been released to the local surface water system from the mining zone and 7 tons of Cu at 4 km downstream. Nautanen stands out with its high metal leakage relative to its small volume of mine waste compared to mass flows of other larger historical mining sites in e.g. Sweden and Canada. Small abandoned sites, which are numerous, could add disproportionately large amounts of metals to surface water systems. This information is crucial in upscaling local low-priority sites to regional assessments of total pollution pressures in sensitive Arctic environments. We are currently further investigating pollution transport pathways through oxygen and sulfur isotopes to trace water originating from the mine and other sources (e.g. atmospheric deposition, bacterial sulfate reduction). This method could give valuable information in data scares sites where e.g. groundwater data is inaccessible.</p>

scholarly journals Kajian kerusakan lingkungan pada tambang intan berbasis pertambangan rakyat di Kecamatan Cempaka, Kalimantan Selatan

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lely Adriani Nasution ◽  
Suratman Suratman ◽  
Sudrajat Sudrajat
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Observation Point ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Artisanal Mining ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Diamond Mining ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Long Time

Abstrak. Penambangan intan di Kecamatan Cempaka telah ada sejak dulu dan dikelola langsung oleh masyarakat serta tergolong sebagai tambang rakyat yang berskala kecil. Keberadaan tambang intan memunculkan permasalahan pada lingkungan berupa kerusakan. Kerusakan yang ditimbulkan mencakup seluruh aspek seperti abiotik, biotik dan kultural. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan suatu kajian terkait bagaimana kerusakan yang ditimbulkan dari kegiatan tersebut. Tujuan pada penelitian ini berupa, (1) mengidentifikasi jenis kerusakan lingkungan akibat kegiatan pertambangan intan, (2) menganalisis tingkat kerusakan lingkungannya, (3) merumuskan strategi pengelolaan yang sesuai untuk kerusakan lingkungan akibat pertambangan intan tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian merupakan metode gabungan antara kuantitatif berupa skoring dan perhitungan kelas interval serta kualitatif berupa wawancara mendalam, yang mengacu pada kriteria dari Buku I Kerusakan Lahan Akses Terbuka Akibat Tambang Rakyat oleh Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK) tahun 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa identifikasi jenis kerusakan lingkungan memiliki kesesuaian dengan parameter yang ada pada ketentuan KLHK tahun 2015. Analisis tingkat kerusakan menunjukkan bahwa titik pengamatan 4 di Kelurahan Sungai Tiung menjadi titik dengan tingkat kerusakan yang berat. Perumusan strategi pengelolaan menunjukkan bahwa pengalihfungsian lokasi pertambangan menjadi tujuan wisata adalah upaya pengelolaan yang paling tepat.   Abstract .Diamond mining in Cempaka Subdistrict existed for a long time ago and was handled by community groups and included as small-scale artisanal mining. The existence of diamond mining causes a problem to the environment like environmental damage. The damage caused covers all aspects such as abiotic, biotic, and cultural. Thus, it needs to carry out a study related to how these activities cause the damage. The purposes of the research are, (1) Identify the types of environmental damage, (2) analyze the level of environmental damage, (3) formulate the appropriate management strategies for environmental damage caused by diamond mining. The research method uses mix method between quantitative like scoring and calculation an interval class, and qualitative, with an in-depth interview, which references Book I Open Access to Land Damage due to Artisanal Mining by the Ministry of Environmental and Forestry 2015. The results showed that identifying the environmental damage type was in accordance with the parameters in 2015 of KLHK references. Analyze an environmental damage level shows the heavy damage level found in observation point 4 in Sungai Tiung. Formulation of a management strategy shows that mining sites' conversion to tourism destinations is the most appropriate.  

scholarly journals Pengelolaan kualitas air anak Sungai Kampar sekitar penambangan galian C (sirtu) di Desa Palung Raya Kecamatan Tambang Kabupaten Kampar

Jurnal Zona ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Monalisa Hasibuan ◽  
Rifardi Rifardi ◽  
Zulkifli Zulkifli
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Pollutant Load ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Economy Condition ◽  
Assimilation Capacity

There are many mining sites found around Kampar watershed, specifically in Tambang sub-district. These mining site are scattered in villages, such as Palung Raya village. This research is conducted to analyze the influence of mining to water quality, rate of land erosion, pollutant load, assimilation capacity, social condition and community economy and mining area management. Survey method and quantitative descriptive approach are chosen to collect data from represented population, which are water, soil and the community around mining site. Insitu parameters are temperature, pH, DHL, DO, and exsitu parameters are TDS, TTS, Fe, texture, soil permeability and plankton. Mining activities have yet to influence water quality, but there’s a fluctuation in physical and chemical parameters, and the average of measurement is under the quality standard of PP Number 82 Year 2001, analog with plankton biology parameter, moderate diversity, no show of dominant type and balanced uniformity. The rate of erosion on slope of 0-8 % is 16,1 ton/ha/year with TBES, and on slope of 8-15% is 72,7 ton/ha/year with TBESB. The value of TDS and TSS for assimilation capacity is over the pollutant load from pollutant source. Mining activity has yet to influence the social economy condition of the community around mining sites. It’s because of the owner and employees are from the outside of the community. Water quality management of Kampar tributary is conducted based on the analysis of influence from mining to water quality, rate of erosion, pollutant load, assimilation capacity and social and economy condition around the mining sites.

Historical methods of temperature measurement in Arctic and Antarctic waters

Polar Record ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 19 (120) ◽  
pp. 217-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita McConnell
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sufficient Accuracy ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Sea Bed ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Antarctic Waters ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Methods

Investigations into conditions in Arctic and Antarctic seas were carried out during the late 18th and 19th centuries by private as well as government-sponsored expeditions. While the French occupied themselves with exploration mainly within tropical and temperate waters, Britishinterests lay in the Arctic regions, where a possible route through to the Pacific might be found, and as the location for whaling and sealing operations. It was to the advantage of these industries to discover how deep the polar seas were, to determine the water temperature and quality, and to understand the tides and currents flowing round their shores. But for a long time scientists failed to grasp that the key to water quality and movement lay in elucidating thetemperature profile from surface to sea bed. The instruments available before 1874 were not capable of resolving this profile and it was not until the end of the 19th century that measurements were made of sufficient accuracy to enable the various water masses and their consequent movements to be calculated theoretically from intensive temperature studies. By this time initiative for such work had passed into the hands of Norwegian scientists and Britain was represented only as a member of the International Commission for Exploration of the Sea (ICES), established in 1902.

scholarly journals Sea Ice Concentration Products over Polar Regions with Chinese FY3C/MWRI Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2174
Author(s):  
Lijian Shi ◽  
Sen Liu ◽  
Yingni Shi ◽  
Xue Ao ◽  
Bin Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Atmospheric Effects ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Long Time Series ◽  
Ice Concentration ◽  
Long Time

Polar sea ice affects atmospheric and ocean circulation and plays an important role in global climate change. Long time series sea ice concentrations (SIC) are an important parameter for climate research. This study presents an SIC retrieval algorithm based on brightness temperature (Tb) data from the FY3C Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI) over the polar region. With the Tb data of Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) as a reference, monthly calibration models were established based on time–space matching and linear regression. After calibration, the correlation between the Tb of F17/SSMIS and FY3C/MWRI at different channels was improved. Then, SIC products over the Arctic and Antarctic in 2016–2019 were retrieved with the NASA team (NT) method. Atmospheric effects were reduced using two weather filters and a sea ice mask. A minimum ice concentration array used in the procedure reduced the land-to-ocean spillover effect. Compared with the SIC product of National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), the average relative difference of sea ice extent of the Arctic and Antarctic was found to be acceptable, with values of −0.27 ± 1.85 and 0.53 ± 1.50, respectively. To decrease the SIC error with fixed tie points (FTPs), the SIC was retrieved by the NT method with dynamic tie points (DTPs) based on the original Tb of FY3C/MWRI. The different SIC products were evaluated with ship observation data, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sea ice cover products, and the Round Robin Data Package (RRDP). In comparison with the ship observation data, the SIC bias of FY3C with DTP is 4% and is much better than that of FY3C with FTP (9%). Evaluation results with SAR SIC data and closed ice data from RRDP show a similar trend between FY3C SIC with FTPs and FY3C SIC with DTPs. Using DTPs to present the Tb seasonal change of different types of sea ice improved the SIC accuracy, especially for the sea ice melting season. This study lays a foundation for the release of long time series operational SIC products with Chinese FY3 series satellites.

scholarly journals A new bedrock and surface elevation dataset for modelling the Greenland ice sheet

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan L. Bamber ◽  
Duncan J. Baldwin ◽  
S. Prasad Gogineni
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Rock Outcrops ◽  
Bed Topography ◽  
Elevation Model

AbstractA new digital elevation model of the surface of the Greenland ice sheet and surrounding rock outcrops has been produced from a comprehensive suite of satellite and airborne remote-sensing and cartographic datasets. The surface model has been regridded to a resolution of 5 km, and combined with a new ice-thickness grid derived from ice-penetrating radar data collected in the 1970s and 1990s. A further dataset, the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean, was used to extend the bed elevations to include the continental shelf. The new bed topography was compared with a previous version used for ice-sheet modelling. Near the margins of the ice sheet and, in particular, in the vicinity of small-scale features associated with outlet glaciers and rapid ice motion, significant differences were noted. This was highlighted by a detailed comparison of the bed topography around the northeast Greenland ice stream.

scholarly journals Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Network Applying for the Arctic Acoustic Tomography Current Inversion Accuracy Improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 755
Author(s):  
Kangkang Jin ◽  
Jian Xu ◽  
Zichen Wang ◽  
Can Lu ◽  
Long Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Acoustic Tomography ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Current Inversion

Warm current has a strong impact on the melting of sea ice, so clarifying the current features plays a very important role in the Arctic sea ice coverage forecasting study field. Currently, Arctic acoustic tomography is the only feasible method for the large-range current measurement under the Arctic sea ice. Furthermore, affected by the high latitudes Coriolis force, small-scale variability greatly affects the accuracy of Arctic acoustic tomography. However, small-scale variability could not be measured by empirical parameters and resolved by Regularized Least Squares (RLS) in the inverse problem of Arctic acoustic tomography. In this paper, the convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed to enhance the prediction accuracy in the Arctic, and especially, Gaussian noise is added to reflect the disturbance of the Arctic environment. First, we use the finite element method to build the background ocean model. Then, the deep learning CNN method constructs the non-linear mapping relationship between the acoustic data and the corresponding flow velocity. Finally, the simulation result shows that the deep learning convolutional neural network method being applied to Arctic acoustic tomography could achieve 45.87% accurate improvement than the common RLS method in the current inversion.

Áhrif loftlagsbreytinga á vatnsveitur og vatnsgæði á Íslandi – áhættuþættir og aðgerðir

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
María J. Gunnarsdóttir ◽  
Sigurður Magnús Garðarsson ◽  
Hrund Ólöf Andradóttir ◽  
Alfreð Schiöth
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Surveillance Area ◽  
The Arctic Region

Climate change is expected to have impact on water supply and drinking water quality in Iceland. Foremost there are three influential weather-related factors; increase in temperature; rise in sea level; and seasonal and regional change in precipitation in both quantity and intensity. In this study international and local reports and articles were analyzed for expected impact on the water resource with emphasis on the northern and the arctic region. Water quality risk factors were analyzed based on surveillance data of the water supplies from the Local Competent Authorities. Preliminary risk assessment of landslides and flooding was performed in one surveillance area in northern Iceland.

Characterization of Mine Waste from a Former Pb–Zn Mining Site: Reactivity of Minerals During Sequential Extractions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Cappuyns ◽  
Van Axelle Campen ◽  
Srećko Bevandić ◽  
Jillian Helser ◽  
Philippe Muchez
Keyword(s):  
Mine Waste ◽  
Sequential Extractions ◽  
Mining Site

Non-Gaussian probability distributions of solar wind fluctuations

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1127-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Marsch ◽  
C. Y. Tu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Mhd Turbulence ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Fluid Turbulence ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Non Gaussian

Abstract. The probability distributions of field differences ∆x(τ)=x(t+τ)-x(t), where the variable x(t) may denote any solar wind scalar field or vector field component at time t, have been calculated from time series of Helios data obtained in 1976 at heliocentric distances near 0.3 AU. It is found that for comparatively long time lag τ, ranging from a few hours to 1 day, the differences are normally distributed according to a Gaussian. For shorter time lags, of less than ten minutes, significant changes in shape are observed. The distributions are often spikier and narrower than the equivalent Gaussian distribution with the same standard deviation, and they are enhanced for large, reduced for intermediate and enhanced for very small values of ∆x. This result is in accordance with fluid observations and numerical simulations. Hence statistical properties are dominated at small scale τ by large fluctuation amplitudes that are sparsely distributed, which is direct evidence for spatial intermittency of the fluctuations. This is in agreement with results from earlier analyses of the structure functions of ∆x. The non-Gaussian features are differently developed for the various types of fluctuations. The relevance of these observations to the interpretation and understanding of the nature of solar wind magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is pointed out, and contact is made with existing theoretical concepts of intermittency in fluid turbulence.

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