scholarly journals Review of the Legislative Framework for the Remuneration of Photovoltaic Production in Spain: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Blanco-Díez ◽  
Montserrat Díez-Mediavilla ◽  
Cristina Alonso-Tristán
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Photovoltaic Plant

Spain is among the European countries with the greatest photovoltaic potential. During the first decade of the 2000s, Spain was a European leader in installed photovoltaic power and job creation in the renewable energy sector, strongly influenced by a very favorable regulatory framework and public subsidies at a time of economic growth. That situation would be completely reversed with the regulatory changes introduced in 2012 to combat the tariff deficit and the instability in the electricity supply system, problems accentuated by the economic crisis. The main objective of this study is to present an exhaustive review of the legislative changes that have affected photovoltaic energy in Spain. Using real data on electricity production and the remuneration of a typical photovoltaic plant, we show that there was a very significant fall in the economic returns that investors had come to expect, within a system that prioritized, first and foremost, the initial investment rather than the levels of electricity production. The changes to the legislative framework affecting a typical 100 kWp photovoltaic (PV) facility that entered into service before 2007 provoked a significant decrease of 8.7% in expected revenues, calculated from real data of production and income. These economic losses can be even higher, with a drop in revenue of almost 25% if the entire period of the installation’s useful life is analyzed. Public support for renewable energy is important for its introduction into the electricity market, but so is regulatory stability that offers investment security and predictability for maintaining investment and development in the renewable energy sector.

scholarly journals Legislation framework for Croatian renewable energy sources development

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Raguzin ◽  
Zeljko Tomsic
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
The Republic

The energy sector reform in the Republic of Croatia (started 2001), which comprises restructuring, liberalization, privatization, and changes in the overall energy sector, has a significant effect on the possibilities of introducing and increasing the share of renewable energy sources (RES). The adoption of a new legislative framework within the context of reforming Croatia?s energy sector is of key importance for further development and for the future or RES utilization. The Electricity Market Act sets out the le- gal obligation to purchase electricity produced from RES in the manner that a quota or a minimum obligatory share of RES in electricity production is determined by a Government ordinance combined with Tariff system for the production of electricity from renewable energy sources and co-generation. Consequently, on the one hand, incentive funds needed to cover increased costs of production from RES will be collected from customers through the supplier and distributed to privileged producers (feed-in-tariffs, purchase is guaranteed to RES producers on known terms) through the Market Opera- tor. On the other hand, RES investment projects will be encouraged by pur- pose-specific government subsidy and by the Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund (out of public budget). By applying new energy legislation and associated by-laws (coming into force in 2007), RES projects in Croatia will be provided with a complete and stable legal framework as well as support through incentive measures which will equitably value environmental, social and other benefits of RES use.

scholarly journals The Study of a Multicriteria Decision Making Model for Wave Power Plant Location Selection in Vietnam

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Chia-Nan Wang ◽  
Nguyen Thanh ◽  
Chih-Chiang Su
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Plant Location ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Location Selection

With about a 7% average annual economic growth rate in Vietnam, the demand for electricity production is increasing, and, with more than 3000 km of coastline, the country has great potential for developing wave energy sources to meet such electricity production. This energy source, also known as renewable energy, comes from tides, wind, heat differences, flows, and waves. Both wind and wave energy are considered to have the most potential for energy sources in Vietnam. Just as hydropower projects are controversial due to depleting water resources and regulating floods, nuclear power projects cause safety concerns. To overcome this problem, Vietnamese scientists are considering using abundant wave energy resources for electricity. Nowadays, the ocean energy sector offers many new technologies to help minimize carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) in the living environment. Further, many countries already have wave power plants. In this research, an integrated model, combining the fuzzy analytical network process (FANP) and the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), is proposed for wave energy plant location selection. As a result, Con Co (SITE3) is determined the best site for wave energy production. The primary aim of this study is to provide insight into site selection problems for renewable energy investments of Vietnam. The contribution of this research is to propose a fuzzy multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model for site selection in the renewable energy sector. The proposed model also can address different complex problems in location selection; it is also a flexible design model for considering the evaluation criteria; further, it is applicable to site selection of other renewable energies in the world.

scholarly journals Measures to Promote Renewable Energy for Electricity Generation in Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1468
Author(s):  
Mohammed Bouznit ◽  
María del P. Pablo-Romero ◽  
Antonio Sánchez-Braza
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Energy Projects ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
The Government

Algeria has enormous renewable energy potential. However, fossil fuels remain the main electricity generation source, and the country is the third largest CO2 emitter in Africa. Algeria is also particularly vulnerable to climate change. Therefore, a set of actions related to energy, forests, industry and waste sectors have been programmed, over the period 2015–2030, and the government action program has given priority to promote renewable energy. In this sense, Algeria is committed to significantly promote investment in renewable energy, during the period 2020–2030. Thus by 2030, renewable electricity production capacity will achieve 22,000 MW, representing 27% of total electricity generation. This paper analyzes the electricity generation measures implemented in Algeria to reach the required energy mix, the legislative framework, financial aid, the feed-in tariff system, the tax incentives, and the tender and auctions undertaken. The analyses reveal that, although the electricity price premium policy has not been revoked, the newly enacted tender scheme is designed to become the standard procedure for launching renewable energy projects in Algeria in the coming years.

scholarly journals Feed-in-Premium Renewable Energy Support Scheme: A Scenario Approach

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Xydis ◽  
Nick Vlachakis
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Solar Photovoltaics ◽  
Greenhouse Emissions ◽  
Wind Park ◽  
Scenario Approach

Topics such as energy demand, energy security and greenhouse emissions have made countries around the world turn to more environmentally friendly resources to produce electricity. Due to their stochastic behaviour (particularly wind energy and solar photovoltaics (PV)), the energy producers that are renewable energy driven need concrete financial mechanisms in order to sell their generated electricity under uncertainty in a highly competitive environment. In this work, the application of the Feed-in Premium (FiP) policy in the Greek wholesale liberalised electricity market is compared against a multiple revenue stream tactic. The investigation of the financial performance is conducted in terms of Net Present Value and Complete Payback Period of a 10 MW wind park and a 2 MW solar PV park and is questioned under a multiple revenue stream approach. It was found for projects that offer at least 75% of their electricity production to the market, if their operation licence is extended for five more years, incentivising them to participate in the FiP scheme, instead of the Feed-in-Tariff one, this will increase their profitability in most cases, for both wind and PV projects.

scholarly journals Renewable Energies as a Substitute for Fossil Fuel Resources in Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Wasiuta
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Transmission Grid ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundThe characteristic feature of modern energy sector in the EU is the development of environmentally friendly technologies based on renewable energy sources (RES). The use of alternative and RES contributes to resolving not only energy efficiency issues, but many of the environmental, economic and social problems. RES are also one of the priorities of the world's low carbon policy and reducing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Growing electrical energy consumption and increasing integration of RES in power systems have led to new challenges, thus it is required to investigate and properly analyze the impact of integrated RES on the power system as a substitute for fossil fuel resources.ResultsThe aim of the article is to show the possibilities of developing RES in Poland in the context of environmental protection, energy self-sufficiency and international obligations. The depletion of primary energy sources and the increase in emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere forces undertaking certain activities, aimed at seeking substitutes for fossil fuels. According to the author’s analysis, RES are the best and safest substitutes for traditional energy resources such as fossil fuel.ConclusionsThe author examines electricity production mix in EU counties and compares it to Polish energy sector. Taking into consideration the transmission network density in Poland, while energy sector changes its structure and expands, the mix of technologies deployed to produce electricity determines the associated burden on transmission networks. Polish energy sector development in the context of modernization of transmission grid provides an opportunity for investors to prepare the energy system for increasing the share of renewable energy sources. In the process of implementing the appropriate solution, the experiences of other countries that have significantly increased the share of renewable energy in the past could be used. This article presents the main areas of action that may facilitate the further integration of different energy sources in the specific context of Poland's changing energy system. Not all integration options will be important for Poland at the same time.

Renewable energy growth in Portugal may slow

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Electricity Prices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Overhead Lines ◽  
Substantial Investment ◽  
Local Opposition

Subject Portugal’s renewable energy sector. Significance Portugal made international headlines in May 2016 when it was able to sustain its electricity demand solely from renewable sources for 107 consecutive hours, setting a European record. This result was the culmination of Portugal’s substantial investment in renewable energy, particularly wind power, notably under former Prime Minister Jose Socrates in 2005-11. However, investment in renewables has slowed since then. Impacts Generous renewables subsidies have contributed to rising electricity prices. New investments in the renewable energy sector are unlikely to obtain the generous public support given to wind power in 2005-11. Better interconnection with France would lower electricity prices and allow Portugal to export excess energy to central and western Europe. However, there is local opposition to overhead lines to France, so more expensive underground lines may be the most feasible option.

scholarly journals Generic review on the potential of nuclear-renewable hybrid system for sustainable power production in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2053 (1) ◽  
pp. 012021
Author(s):  
Afiq Ariffin ◽  
Nor Afifah Basri ◽  
Ahmad Termizi Ramli ◽  
Suhairul Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Current Scenario

Abstract Malaysia is diligently focusing its effort in developing renewable energy technology to diversify its energy sources and ensure security and sustainability in the energy sector. The development of renewable energy sector is expected to achieve 20 percent by the year 2025 to fulfil the aim of lowering greenhouse gases (GHG) produced by the energy industry. It is aligned with the commitment to the Paris Agreement signed in 2015 to reduce the emissions intensity to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 45% relative to 2005 levels by 2030. The rapid development of advance technology in the energy industry paved a new idea of integration of different energy resources for various industrial purposes, including power generation. The hybrid system between nuclear and renewable energy is an innovative application focusing to increase the efficiency and availability of electricity production, as well as providing additional services to industries from the energy generation process in the hybrid power plant. This paper presents the overview of the current scenario in the Malaysia energy industry, renewable energy status, the potential of nuclear-renewable hybrid system and the challenges of nuclear power development in Malaysia.

FDI Opportunities in Indian Renewable Energy Sector

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-39
Author(s):  
R.Narayanan R.Narayanan ◽  
◽  
Dr. R. Hamsalakshmi Dr. R. Hamsalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Sector
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