scholarly journals Factors in Assessing Recidivism Risk in Young Offenders

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
José-Javier Navarro-Pérez ◽  
Marcelo Viera ◽  
Joana Calero ◽  
José M. Tomás
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Juvenile Detention ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Criminal Recidivism ◽  
Detention Centers ◽  
Educational Processes

The research aims to identify if the accumulation of protective and/or risk factors might predict the risk of recidivism in juvenile delinquents and determine the relative weight of both types of factors in the predictions themselves. The risk of criminal recidivism was assessed with the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth—SAVRY—instrument based on a sample of 192 Adolescents in Conflict with the Law—ACLs—held in juvenile detention centers in the Valencian Community (Spain). The results show that protective variables have greater relative consistency than risk variables when assessing recidivism risk in ACLs. The paper’s findings enable advances in the identification of antisocial behavior patterns using positive variables, and this in turn involves modifying any intervention proposals made by professionals of juvenile justice because psycho-socio-educational processes can now be dealt with on the basis of the ACLs’ potentialities (protective factors) rather than their deficiencies (risk factors) alone.

JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-697
Author(s):  
L. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Detention ◽  
The State ◽  
Juvenile Courts ◽  
Detention Centers ◽  
State Statutes ◽  
Parens Patriae

Today, when some critics of our juvenile-justice system are complaining that the system is incompetent in dealing with violent young criminals, other critics are complaining that it is showing amazing efficiency in locking up—often for long periods—troubled young people who have not been charged with committing any crime, violent or otherwise. Such young people, they point out, represent approximately forty per cent of the hundred thousand-odd children who will be sent to jail this year for at least twenty-four hours and of the twelve thousand who will be placed in juvenile-detention centers every day. These children, who are variously labelled Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS), Children in Need of Supervision (CINS), Juveniles in Need of Supervision (JINS), or Wayward Minors, depending on the state they live in, will be guilty of nothing more serious than being a burden or a nuisance. They are not juvenile criminals—they have committed no act for which an adult could be prosecuted. Mainly, they are children who are truant from school, who have run away from home, or whose parents (the majority of them poor) find them too difficult to manage. Under one name or another, the PINS judicial category is written into the laws of forty-one states, and children who are assigned to it occupy, according to one estimate, as much as forty-one per cent of the case load of juvenile courts.... Underlying all the state statutes [is] the doctrine of parens patriae drawn from English chancery law—that the court could act to resolve the problems of troubled children as if it were a parent.

scholarly journals The relationship between violence risk factors and protective factors among mentally ill offenders

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-119
Author(s):  
V.G. Bulygina ◽  
A.A. Dubinsky ◽  
G.M. Tokareva ◽  
N.E. Lysenko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Classification Tree ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Criminal Recidivism ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Motivation For Treatment

The results of research of the relationship between violence risk factors for and protective factors among psychiatric patients with a criminal history are presented. There were interviewed 563 men and 200 women undergoing compulsory treatment. The methodology of the assessment of protective factors (Bulygina V.G. et al.), "The historical clinical risk" (HCR-20, Webster), which was supplemented with a clinical-psychopathological criteria used in the Russian practice, were applied. It has been used the method of classification tree and ROC analysis. Target variables for the mathematical analysis were: gender, frequency of reoffending, interval of criminal recidivism. It was discovered that the universal protective factors in a general sample of persons with severe mental disorders are development of social and communication skills as well as higher motivation for treatment. There were highlighted gender specific protective factors. It is revealed that with a longer period of social adaptation associated the motivation for treatment and developed social and communication skills in female sample, in male – absence of problems connected with substance abuse and tolerant attitude to judicial and administrative regulations. Model of risk of the criminal recidivism among mentally ill women have higher predictive value than models for men.

scholarly journals 0979 Observational Analysis Of Juvenile Justice Sleep-wake Environment

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A372-A372
Author(s):  
J P Adornetti ◽  
M Carlucci ◽  
S J Crowley ◽  
C M Fleshman ◽  
S L Jobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Juvenile Detention ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
Detention Centers ◽  
Sleep Environment ◽  
Facility Level

Abstract Introduction Adolescence is associated with sleep regulatory changes that prompt sleep and circadian timing to shift later (delay). Poor quality, insufficient sleep, and misaligned sleep-wake schedules increase adolescents’ risk for physical and mental health consequences. Little data exists on potential sleep health risks and sleep-wake environments of juvenile justice facilities. This descriptive study examined the sleep-wake environment and daily schedules at juvenile detention and treatment centers in a Mid-Atlantic state. Methods Using our Sleep Justice Observational Checklist, researchers recorded number of windows in sleep and non-sleep areas, and number of beds in sleeping quarters. Illuminance was measured with a light meter during the daytime (standing, sitting, etc.) and averaged. Facility-level 24-hour schedules were obtained to determine youth’s daily routines during the observation period. Results In comparison to treatment centers, detention centers have earlier lights-on (MDet = 6:07 am, SDDet =:40 vs. MTreat = 6:54 am, SDTreat =:07, p = .04) and lights-off (MDet = 8:42 pm, SDDet =:36 vs. MTreat = 9:06 pm, SDTreat =:19, N.S.) times. Treatment center illuminance levels (M = 296.60 lux, SD = 150.30) were greater (brighter) compared to detention centers (M = 124.00 lux, SD = 60.40, p = .01). Per sleep area, treatment centers had more windows (MTreat = 7.84, SDTreat = 6.70 vs. MDet = 1.73, SDDet = .77, p = .02) and more beds (MTreat = 13.30, SDTreat = 14.00 vs. MDet = 1.46, SDDet = .96, p = .03) than detention centers. Conclusion Preliminary results indicate a variation in the sleep-wake environments and daily schedules in this sample of juvenile justice centers. Early lights-on and lights-off times can impose a higher risk for circadian misalignment in adolescents, though schedule consistency may reduce this risk. Ongoing data collection will help to further understand the sleep environment of adolescents in the juvenile justice system. Support Kolvenbach Research Grant, Loyola University Maryland

scholarly journals Assessing the Interactions between Strengths and Risk Factors of Recidivism through the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2112
Author(s):  
Elena Ortega-Campos ◽  
Juan García-García ◽  
Leticia De la Fuente-Sánchez ◽  
Flor Zaldívar-Basurto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young People ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Criminal Career ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Arrest Record ◽  
Prior Arrest

Instruments that assess recidivism risk in young people are used widely in the sphere of juvenile justice worldwide. Traditionally, research has focused on the study of risk factors presented by young offenders, and how these relate to criminal recidivism. In present-day research, protective factors have also come into their own, having proven to encourage non-recidivism in young offenders. This paper presents a study carried out with 594 young offenders. The instrument used for assessing risk of recidivism in young offenders was the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY). In the results found here, one can observe how the young offenders who did not reoffend presented a greater level of protective factors than the repeating offenders. The youths with a prior arrest record scored higher in the risk domains than the reoffenders without a prior arrest record. The case of young repeat offenders who already had an arrest record represents a high-risk profile, or a profile of a criminal career. Crimes committed by young people can be isolated incidents in their life. In most youths, criminal behavior does not persist beyond legal age. Protective factors prove to be important in juvenile justice when planning an individualized intervention for the young offender.

scholarly journals Mental and Physical Health Problems as Conditions of Ex-Prisoner Re-Entry

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7642
Author(s):  
Anna Pękala-Wojciechowska ◽  
Andrzej Kacprzak ◽  
Krzysztof Pękala ◽  
Marta Chomczyńska ◽  
Piotr Chomczyński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Juvenile Detention ◽  
Detention Centers ◽  
Physical Health Problems ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

The article focuses on a less-discussed issue of social marginalization of people leaving penitentiaries, which is the prevalence of multifaceted health problems experienced by people in this category. It includes poor health status, resulting from, among others, poor housing conditions, harmful or risky lifestyle, and lack of access to medical services. Data from the District Inspectorate of the Prison Service in Lodz, Poland on the health conditions of inmates was accessed. These data were supplemented by qualitative research conducted in 21 juvenile detention centers and 8 prisons across the country, conducting direct observations and In-Depth Interviews (IDI). A total of 198 IDIs were conducted with incarcerated (72) and released (30) juvenile offenders, and incarcerated (68) and released (28) adult offenders. These were complemented by IDIs with experts (50) and Focus Group Interviews (FGIs; 8) with male and female inmates in 4 Polish prisons. The study revealed that mental and physical health is a serious obstacle to social reintegration of ex-prisoners. It is rarely addressed by state institutions. There are strong associations between neglect of health issues in the prison population and increasing social exclusion after leaving prison. As Poland has a restrictive penal policy, former prisoners remain a group with social stigma and little support.

Latent Class Analysis of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Justice-Involved Juveniles: Association With Motivational and Emotional Aspects of Self-Harm Behavior

2021 ◽  
pp. 009385482199841
Author(s):  
Melinda Reinhardt ◽  
Zsolt Horváth ◽  
Boglárka Drubina ◽  
Gyöngyi Kökönyei ◽  
Kenneth G. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Juvenile Detention ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Detention Centers ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Emotional Aspects ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Significantly higher rates of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) have been discovered among justice-involved juveniles. Our study aimed to discriminate homogeneous subgroups of justice-involved youth with different self-harm behavior characteristics based on latent class analysis. A total of 244 adolescents (92.6% boys; Mage = 16.99, SD = 1.28) in Hungarian juvenile detention centers completed measures of NSSI and dissociation. High-NSSI (Class 1; 9%), moderate-NSSI (Class 2; 42.6%), and low-NSSI (Class 3; 48.4%) profiles were detected relating to different forms of NSSI. Multiple comparisons showed that girls were members of Class 1 and 2 at higher rates and these subgroups showed significantly higher dissociation proportions than Class 3. Our findings pointed out diversity in self-harm profiles with different characteristics in terms of methods and severity of self-harm, experienced emotions, and other emotion regulation tendencies among justice-involved adolescents. These results suggest sophisticated treatment approaches to match variations in severity and presentation.

scholarly journals The Gendered Path for Girls in Rural Communities: The Impact of COVID-19 on Youth Presenting at Juvenile Detention Facilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872110226
Author(s):  
April N. Terry ◽  
Ashley Lockwood ◽  
Morgan Steele ◽  
Megan Milner
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Juvenile Detention ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Court Processing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Detention Facilities

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, girls and women represented one of the fastest growing populations within the juvenile and criminal justice systems. Since the spread of COVID-19, suggestions were provided to juvenile justice bodies, encouraging a reduction of youth arrests, detainments, and quicker court processing. Yet, the research comparing peri-COVID-19 changes for girls and boys is lacking, with an oversight to gender trends and rural and urban differences. This study used Juvenile Intake and Assessment Center (JIAC) data from a rural Midwestern state to look at rural and urban location trends for both boys and girls. Results suggest rural communities are responding differently to girls’ behaviors, revealing a slower decline in intakes compared to boys and youth in urban areas.

The right to the night sky in punitive enclosure context

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (S367) ◽  
pp. 402-403
Author(s):  
Natalia Guevara ◽  
Rodrigo F. Haack ◽  
Victoria B. Acosta ◽  
María A. Senn ◽  
Carolina A. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Juvenile Detention ◽  
Educational Science ◽  
La Plata ◽  
Detention Centers ◽  
National University ◽  
Night Sky ◽  
The Right ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe “Right to the night sky” outreach project holds astronomy workshops for children and teens deprived of their liberty in juvenile detention centers. It is carried out by an interdisciplinary group of students, graduates, and teachers of Astronomy, Geophysics, Educational Science, Law, Psychology, Social Work, and Social Communication. It’s has been accredited and recognized by the Faculty of Astronomical and Geophysical Sciences, and the National University of La Plata (Argentina) since the year 2014. This work presents the diverse activities developed in the project, the methodologies used, and an analysis of how the project evolved, grew, and expanded over time, continuing what has already been presented by Charalambous et al. (2014) and Haack et al. (2019)

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