scholarly journals Smart City Governance in Developing Countries: A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Tan ◽  
Araz Taeihagh
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
City Development ◽  
Basic Infrastructure ◽  
Infrastructure Maintenance

Smart cities that make broad use of digital technologies have been touted as possible solutions for the population pressures faced by many cities in developing countries and may help meet the rising demand for services and infrastructure. Nevertheless, the high financial cost involved in infrastructure maintenance, the substantial size of the informal economies, and various governance challenges are curtailing government idealism regarding smart cities. This review examines the state of smart city development in developing countries, which includes understanding the conceptualisations, motivations, and unique drivers behind (and barriers to) smarty city development. A total of 56 studies were identified from a systematic literature review from an initial pool of 3928 social sciences literature identified from two academic databases. Data were analysed using thematic synthesis and thematic analysis. The review found that technology-enabled smart cities in developing countries can only be realised when concurrent socioeconomic, human, legal, and regulatory reforms are instituted. Governments need to step up their efforts to fulfil the basic infrastructure needs of citizens, raise more revenue, construct clear regulatory frameworks to mitigate the technological risks involved, develop human capital, ensure digital inclusivity, and promote environmental sustainability. A supportive ecosystem that encourages citizen participation, nurtures start-ups, and promotes public–private partnerships needs to be created to realise their smart city vision.

scholarly journals Social Inclusion Indicators for Building Citizen-Centric Smart Cities: A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Jalaluddin Abdul Malek ◽  
Seng Boon Lim ◽  
Tan Yigitcanlar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Governance Practices

Despite the rhetoric of “citizen-first,” which has been tokenized in recent years by the smart city administrations, what it means has long been unclear to many, including the public at large. Put simply, this rhetoric concerns the mindset of the members of a local community and places them at the heart of the smart city initiatives. In order to bring further clarity to this issue under the current neoliberal urbanism, this study aimed to identify the key indicators of citizen-centric smart cities from the perspective of participative governance practices and citizens’ responsibilities. To achieve this aim, this study involved a systematic literature review of the social inclusion indicators for building citizen-centric smart cities. The social inclusion indicators that were formed were verified by practitioners to suit the local contexts of an emerging and developing country, in this case, Malaysia. The findings of the review revealed that: (a) the acceptance of social inclusion indicators was mainly limited to the realm of democratic developed countries, leaders’ understanding of citizenship, the delegation of decision-making power in governance practices, the participative culture of societies, and individual citizens’ self-discipline; (b) the social inclusion indicators may not be welcomed in emerging and developing countries; (c) in the long term, these indicators would shed light on the rise of self-organizing cities that will gain popularity in potential city developments, be it in developed or developing countries.

scholarly journals Citizen Engagement for Co-Creating Low Carbon Smart Cities: Practical Lessons from Nottingham City Council in the UK

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6615
Author(s):  
Sam Preston ◽  
Muhammad Usman Mazhar ◽  
Richard Bull
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
City Council ◽  
Citizen Engagement ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
City Development ◽  
The Uk

Cities constitute three quarters of global energy consumption and the built environment is responsible for significant use of final energy (62%) and greenhouse gas emissions (55%). Energy has now become a strategic issue for local authorities (LAs) and can offer savings when budget cuts have threatened the provision of core services. Progressive LAs are exploring energy savings and carbon reduction opportunities as part of the sustainable and smart city agenda. This paper explores the role of citizens in smart city development as “buildings don’t use energy: people do”. Citizens have the potential to shape transitions towards smart and sustainable futures. This paper contributes to the growing evidence base of citizen engagement in low carbon smart cities by presenting novel insights and practical lessons on how citizen engagement can help in smart city development through co-creation with a focus on energy in the built environment. A case study of Nottingham in the UK, a leading smart city, is analysed using Arnstein’s Ladder of Citizen Participation. Nottingham City Council (NCC) has pledged to keep “citizens at the heart” of its plans. This paper discusses learnings from two EU funded Horizon 2020 projects, REMOURBAN (REgeneration MOdel for accelerating the smart URBAN transformation) and eTEACHER, both of which aimed to empower citizens to reduce energy consumption and co-create smart solutions. Although these two projects are diverse in approaches and contexts, what unites them is a focus on citizen engagement, both face to face and digital. REMOURBAN has seen a “whole house” approach to retrofit in vulnerable communities to improve liveability through energy efficiency. User interaction and co-creation in eTEACHER has provided specifications for technical design of an energy saving App for buildings. eTEACHER findings reflect users’ energy needs, understanding of control interfaces, motivations for change and own creative ideas. Citizens were made co-creators in eTEACHER from the beginning through regular communication. In REMOURBAN, citizens had a role in the procurement and bidding process to influence retrofit project proposals. Findings can help LAs to engage demographically diverse citizens across a variety of buildings and communities for low carbon smart city development.

scholarly journals A fuzzy synthetic evaluation of the challenges of smart city development in developing countries

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Omoregie Aghimien ◽  
Clinton Aigbavboa ◽  
David J. Edwards ◽  
Abdul-Majeed Mahamadu ◽  
Paul Olomolaiye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation ◽  
City Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
Synthetic Evaluation

PurposeThis study presents a fuzzy synthetic evaluation of the challenges of smart city realisation in developing countries, using Nigeria as a case study. By defining and delineating the problems faced by the country, more viable directions to attaining smart city development can be achieved.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a post-positivist philosophical stance with a deductive approach. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data from built environment professionals involved in the delivery of Nigerian public infrastructures. Six dimensions of the challenges of smart cities were identified from literature and explored. They are governance, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal issues. Data gathered were analysed using Cronbach alpha test for reliability, Shapiro-Wilks test for normality, Kruskal-Wallis H-test for consistency and fuzzy synthetic evaluation test for the synthetic evaluation of the challenges of smart city attainment.FindingsThe findings revealed that all six assessed dimensions have a significant impact on the attainment of smart cities in Nigeria. More specifically, issues relating to environmental, technological, social and legal challenges are more prominent.Originality/valueThe fuzzy synthetic approach adopted provides a clear, practical insight on the issues that need to be addressed before the smart city development can be attained within developing countries.

scholarly journals Open Data Based Machine Learning Applications in Smart Cities: A Systematic Literature Review

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 2997
Author(s):  
Luminita Hurbean ◽  
Doina Danaiata ◽  
Florin Militaru ◽  
Andrei-Mihail Dodea ◽  
Ana-Maria Negovan
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Data Movement ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Machine Learning Applications

Machine learning (ML) has already gained the attention of the researchers involved in smart city (SC) initiatives, along with other advanced technologies such as IoT, big data, cloud computing, or analytics. In this context, researchers also realized that data can help in making the SC happen but also, the open data movement has encouraged more research works using machine learning. Based on this line of reasoning, the aim of this paper is to conduct a systematic literature review to investigate open data-based machine learning applications in the six different areas of smart cities. The results of this research reveal that: (a) machine learning applications using open data came out in all the SC areas and specific ML techniques are discovered for each area, with deep learning and supervised learning being the first choices. (b) Open data platforms represent the most frequently used source of data. (c) The challenges associated with open data utilization vary from quality of data, to frequency of data collection, to consistency of data, and data format. Overall, the data synopsis as well as the in-depth analysis may be a valuable support and inspiration for the future smart city projects.

scholarly journals Role of Internet of Things (IoT) and Crowdsourcing in Smart City Projects

Smart Cities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1276-1292
Author(s):  
Isam Shahrour ◽  
Xiongyao Xie
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
City Development ◽  
Mobile Crowdsourcing ◽  
The Internet Of Things

This paper presents and discusses the role of the Internet of Things (IoT) and crowdsourcing in constructing smart cities. The literature review shows an important and increasing concern of the scientific community for these three issues and their association as support for urban development. Based on an extensive literature review, the paper first presents the smart city concept, emphasizing smart city architecture and the role of data in smart city solutions. The second part presents the Internet of Things, focusing on IoT technology, the use of IoT in smart city applications, and security. Finally, the paper presents crowdsourcing with particular attention to mobile crowdsourcing and its role in smart cities. The paper shows that IoT and crowdsourcing have a crucial role in two fundamental layers of smart city applications, namely, the data collection and services layers. Since these two layers ensure the connection between the physical and digital worlds, they constitute the central pillars of smart city projects. The literature review also shows that the smart city development still requires stronger cooperation between the smart city technology-centered research, mainly based on the IoT, and the smart city citizens-centered research, mainly based on crowdsourcing. This cooperation could beneficiate in recent developments in the field of crowdsensing that combines IoT and crowdsourcing.

scholarly journals Systematic Literature Review: Smart City Framework

Tech-E ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
Riki Riki ◽  
◽  
Setyawan Widyarto ◽  
Saliyah Kahar ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Excess Capacity ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The World ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Result Analysis

Smart cities are currently becoming the trend of large cities in the world and large cities in Indonesia. As the center of human civilization, cities cannot do without the problems of excess capacity and comfort. More and more people are migrating from the countryside to the cities, which brings new problems to the cities. Cities need to change to survive in the future. Strong indicators are needed to support cities, whether in terms of natural environment, society, communities, infrastructure, and education. In this article, we discuss a systematic literature review of research related to smart cities. The systematic literature review is divided into three stages, introduction stage, demographic analysis stage and result analysis. The results reveal important indicators of smart cities based on the conclusions of previous research

Identifying the results of smart city development: Findings from systematic literature review

Cities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 102397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yirang Lim ◽  
Jurian Edelenbos ◽  
Alberto Gianoli
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Smart City ◽  
City Development

scholarly journals Smart Cities’ Strategies to Ameliorate Environmental Impacts of Rapid Urbanization in Beijing, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Rodríguez Fiscal ◽  
Rallou Taratori ◽  
Marie Abigail Pacho ◽  
Christos S. Ioakimidis ◽  
Sesil Koutra
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Issues ◽  
Beijing China

One of the main drivers behind the urbanization process is attributed to economic fundamentals of urban growth, which boost migration from rural to urban context. This migration can be studied geographically, with increasing rates of population as the main component in developing countries, over Asia and Africa, specifically. Research has been focusing in creating models and adaptative schemes to manage and plan cities to promote sustainable development for housing large quantities of population and preserve a long-term living environment. The approach from a smart city perspective, adjusted to the rapid urbanization condition can be helpful to deal urban issues by convergence and interaction between urban agents and information technology. At academia, few works have addressed the role of Smart Cities to face the challenge of rapid urbanization. The aim of this study is to research and analyze if strategies with smart city vision can lessen environmental impacts at cases with rapid urbanization, and how can we leverage technology to promote environmental sustainability at rapid urbanization phenomena occurring at developing countries using RIAM environmental assessment method in the case of Beijing, China'.

scholarly journals An Intuitionistic Fuzzy Approach for Smart City Development Evaluation for Developing Countries: Moroccan Context

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 2668
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hanine ◽  
Omar Boutkhoum ◽  
Fatima El Barakaz ◽  
Mohamed Lachgar ◽  
Noureddine Assad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set ◽  
Fuzzy Decision Making ◽  
City Development ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
The Impact

Rapid urbanization to meet the needs of the growing population has led to several challenges such as pollution, increased and congested traffic, poor sustainability, and impact on the ecological environment. The conception of smart cities comprising intelligent convergence systems has been regarded as a potential solution to overcome these problems. Based on the information, communications, and technology (ICT), the idea of a smart city has emerged to decrease the impact of rapid urbanization. In this context, important efforts have been made for making cities smarter and more sustainable. However, the challenges associated with the implementation and evaluation of smart cities in developing countries are not examined appropriately, particularly in the Moroccan context. To analyze the efficacy and success of such efforts, the evaluation and comparisons using common frameworks are significantly important. For this purpose, the present research aims to investigate and evaluate the most influential dimensions and criteria for smart city development (SCD) in the Moroccan context. To reach this goal, this study proposes a new integrated Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) model based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (IF-AHP) and Intuitionistic Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (IF-DEMATEL). In the given context, the IF-AHP is employed to analyze the structure of the problem and calculate the weights of the qualitative and quantitative dimensions/criteria by incorporating the uncertainty values provided by the experts. Later, IF-DEMATEL is used to construct the structural correlation of dimensions/criteria in MCDM. The use of intuitionistic fuzzy set theory helps in dealing with the linguistic imprecision and the ambiguity of experts’ judgment. Results reveal that ‘Smart Living and Governance’ and ‘Smart Economy’ are major dimensions impacting the SCD in the Moroccan context. The proposed model focuses on enhancing the understanding of different dimensions/criteria and situations in smart cities compared to traditional cities and elevates their decision-making capability. Moreover, the results are discussed, as are the managerial implications, conclusions, limitations, and potential opportunities.

scholarly journals Smart City Ontologies and Their Applications: A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5578
Author(s):  
Antonio De Nicola ◽  
Maria Luisa Villani
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Multidisciplinary Analysis ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
The City

The increasing interconnections of city services, the explosion of available urban data, and the need for multidisciplinary analysis and decision making for city sustainability require new technological solutions to cope with such complexity. Ontologies have become viable and effective tools to practitioners for developing applications requiring data and process interoperability, big data management, and automated reasoning on knowledge. We investigate how and to what extent ontologies have been used to support smart city services and we provide a comprehensive reference on what problems have been addressed and what has been achieved so far with ontology-based applications. To this purpose, we conducted a systematic literature review finalized to presenting the ontologies, and the methods and technological systems where ontologies play a relevant role in shaping current smart cities. Based on the result of the review process, we also propose a classification of the sub-domains of the city addressed by the ontologies we found, and the research issues that have been considered so far by the scientific community. We highlight those for which semantic technologies have been mostly demonstrated to be effective to enhance the smart city concept and, finally, discuss in more details about some open problems.

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