scholarly journals More Cycling, Less Driving? Findings of a Cycle Street Intervention Study in the Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Blitz ◽  
Annika Busch-Geertsema ◽  
Martin Lanzendorf
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Car Use ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
The Impact

In order to encourage a shift from the car to the more sustainable transport mode of cycling, cycle streets have been implemented in cities all over the world in the last few years. In these shared streets, the entire carriageway is designated for cyclists, while motorized traffic is subordinated. However, evidence on the impact of cycle street interventions related to travel behavior change has been limited until now. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether cycle streets are an effective measure to facilitate bicycle use and discourage car use, thus contributing to the aim of promoting sustainable travel. For this purpose, we conducted a written household survey in the German city of Offenbach am Main involving participants affected by a cycle street intervention (n = 701). Based on two stage models of self-regulated behavioral change (SSBC), we identified the participants’ level of willingness to use a bicycle frequently and to reduce car use. By means of bivariate and multivariate statistical methods, we analyzed the influence of awareness, use, and perceptions of the cycle street on the willingness to change behavior towards more sustainable travel. The results show that the intervention has a positive impact on frequent bicycle use, while we observed only a limited effect on car use reduction. Traffic conflicts and car speeding within the cycle street adversely affect the acceptance of the intervention. The study’s findings provide new insights into the actual effects of a cycle street and its potential to encourage sustainable travel behavior.

scholarly journals Empirical Study on Households’ Energy-Conservation Behavior of Jiangsu Province in China: The Role of Policies and Behavior Results

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Yue ◽  
Ruyin Long ◽  
Junli Liu ◽  
Haiwen Liu ◽  
Hong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Conservation Behavior ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Quality Threshold ◽  
The Impact

With the improvement of living quality and the increase of energy consumption of residents, their energy conservation behavior (ECB) plays an increasingly important role in energy conservation and emission reduction. As a kind of environmental behavior, ECB of residents is a complicated process. In this paper, ECB is divided into four types, considering habit adjustment, quality threshold, efficiency investment, and interpersonal facilitation. A comprehensive conceptual framework is built, adding perception about energy conservation results (PER) and contextual factors from a new perspective. Based on a survey in Jiangsu province of China, this paper examines the impact of intention on behavior under the moderation of contextual factors, as well as the effect of perception of energy-conservation results on intention and ECB by means of multivariate statistical analysis. The results show that the intention of energy conservation is the determinant of behavior, but it does not well transform into behavior, especially into quality threshold and interpersonal facilitation behavior. Different contextual factors have positive effects on the relationship of intention and different behavior. However, modulating effects of contextual factors as amplifiers do not function effectively due to their low rating scores. PER has a positive impact on intention but not on all types of ECB. Finally, this paper presents important implications for policy makers to optimize energy conservation policy.

scholarly journals Are People from Households with Children More Likely to Travel by Car? An Empirical Investigation of Individual Travel Mode Choices in Shanghai, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Ye ◽  
Linjie Gao ◽  
Zhicai Juan ◽  
Anning Ni
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Car Use ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Households With Children ◽  
Car Travel ◽  
The Impact

China is expected to have more children now that its family planning policy has been relaxed, and the influence of children on transportation and sustainability should not be neglected. This study uses econometric methods to explore the impact that the presence of children has on household car ownership, car-travel behavior of family members, and variability in their car-use frequency across weekdays and weekends. Models are estimated using multi-day travel patterns imputed from GPS-enabled smartphone data collected in Shanghai, China. Results indicate that: (1) households with children have more private cars than those without children, and the presence of preschoolers and pupils both increase families’ demand for car ownership; (2) travel behavior of people from households with children is influenced subtly by the children’s presence, which leads them to prefer to travel by car, although the presence of retired or unemployed household members can weaken that influence; and (3) car-travel frequency of individuals is significantly different between weekdays and weekends, with the presence of pupils in the household diminishing that variability and the presence of preschoolers enlarging it. Policymakers and transportation planners should be concerned about these issues and take appropriate measures.

scholarly journals Impact of Credit on Education and Healthcare Spending in Rural Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (4I-II) ◽  
pp. 853-870
Author(s):  
Abid Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Jehangir Khan ◽  
Iftikhar Ahmad ◽  
Lubna Naz
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Healthcare Spending ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Education Spending ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rural Pakistan ◽  
Household Credit ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact

It is to access that the microcredit has a positive impact on education and healthcare spending of the borrowed households is controversial in developing countries literature or not. This study reports evidence, from Pakistan for this debate, while utilising data from PPHS- 2010 (Pakistan Panel Household Survey). Propensity score matching (PSM) has been used to investigate the impact of household credit on healthcare and education spending by the poor. In addition to matching statistically identical borrowers with non-borrowers, the method controls for household pre-treatment assets and income. These may be correlated with unobservable factors affecting credit participation as well as outcomes of interest. The estimates from binary as well as multiple ordered treatment effect show insignificant impact of borrowing on education and significant and positive impact on healthcare spending. JEL Classification: D13, C14 Keyword: Matching; Household Credit; Per-capita Income; Education and Healthcare Spending

scholarly journals Financial vulnerability and the impact of COVID-19 on American households

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262301
Author(s):  
Carol Bruce ◽  
Maeve E. Gearing ◽  
Jill DeMatteis ◽  
Kerry Levin ◽  
Timothy Mulcahy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Household Finances ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Employment Factors ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact

In May 2020, Westat, in partnership with Stanford University School of Medicine, conducted a nationally-representative household survey of American attitudes and behaviors regarding COVID-19. In this article, we examine what the Coronavirus Attitudes and Behaviors Survey tells us about the impact of COVID-19 on financial status and how this impact varies by demographic characteristics, the presence of health risk factors, and financial status (including employment factors). The survey reveals significant inequality in financial impact, as those who were most financially vulnerable prior to the pandemic found themselves under greater financial strain, while those who were more financially secure have experienced a neutral or even positive impact of the pandemic on household finances. These findings have important implications for public policy as policymakers seek to target aid to those who need it most.

P4630Prognostic impact of previous Beta-blocker use in STEMI patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Faria Da Mota ◽  
R Fernandes ◽  
H Costa ◽  
J Sousa Bispo ◽  
P Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analysis ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Current guidelines support the use of beta-blockers (βB) in patients with Coronary Artery Disease, especially after a Myocardial Infarction (MI). This use is sustained by their ability to block adrenergic hyperstimulation, reducing the potential for arrythmias, myocardial oxygen consumption and infarct extension. However, questions have been raised regarding the impact βB therapy in patients admitted for ST elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Methods The authors present a retrospective, descriptive and correlational study including all patients admitted for STEMI in a country's Cardiology Departments between the 1st of October 2010 and the 8th of January 2019. A 1-year (1y) follow-up was made through registry consultation and phone call by a Cardiologist. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of patients previously medicated with βB (pre- βB) were compared to patients not medicated with βB. The authors performed a univariate and multivariate statistical analysis of in-hospital mortality, as well as 1y mortality and re-admission rate, using SPSS 24,0. Results A total of 7818 patients were included, 1931 (24,7%) of which 1931 (24,7%) were female, with a mean age of 64±14 years. In the studied sample, 1109 patients (14,2%) were previously medicated with βB, which was more common in women (18,1 vs. 12,8%) and patients over 65-years old (16,9% vs. 11,4%). βB were also more prescribed in patients with hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, previous MI, previous stroke or peripheral atherosclerosis, and renal failure. This group of patients was more frequently medicated with anti-platelets, anti-hypertensives, statins and diuretics (p<0,001). Additionally, they presented more frequently with Left Bundle Branch Block, Atrial fibrillation, Killip-Kimball class >1 and BNP >400 (p<0,001), and had significantly higher rates of ventricular systolic disfunction (p=0,003). These patients were also more commonly diagnosed with multivessel disease (p<0,001), but no differences could be identified regarding success of revascularization. During hospital stay, no significant divergences were found regarding incidence of shock, mechanical complications and AV block, but a higher rate of haemorrhage and transfusion was objectified (p<0,001). Regarding outcomes, on univariate analysis, pre-βB was a strong predictor of higher 1-year mortality (p=0,049) and 1-year readmission (both global and cardiovascular, with p=0,049 and p=0,033, respectively). On multivariate statistical analysis however, pre-βB showed to be a strong independent predictor of lower in-hospital mortality (p=0,023) with differences between groups who suspended and ditn't suspend βB at admission, but had no significant impact on 1-year outcomes. Conclusion In the present study, previous βB therapy showed to have an independent positive impact on in-hospital mortality, but not on 1-year outcomes.

The effects of coopetition on the innovation activities and firm performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina I. Fernandes ◽  
João J. Ferreira ◽  
Pedro M. Veiga ◽  
Carla Marques
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Community Innovation Survey ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper involves evaluating the impact of coopetition on the innovation activities and innovation performance of companies. Design/methodology/approach The study deployed data from the Community Innovation Survey – CIS 2012 and subject to the application of different multivariate statistical analysis processes. Findings The authors furthermore conclude that coopetition and the transfer of knowledge to and from competitors generates a statistically significant positive impact on company innovation-related activities and performance. Originality/value This work enriches the theory of innovation from the perspectives of game-theoretic strategic and resource theory approach. Moreover, the findings provide several recommendations for managers to effectively conduct firm’s coopetition strategy on innovation performance.

scholarly journals The Impact of Pensions and Private Transfers on Rural Poverty in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (26) ◽  
pp. 23-45
Author(s):  
Gilvan Ramalho Guedes ◽  
Kenya Noronha ◽  
Sueli Moro ◽  
Mariângela Antigo
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Dynamic Panel Model ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
National Household Survey ◽  
Rural State ◽  
Investment Capacity ◽  
The Impact

Combining different data sources to create a balanced panel of rural state units of analysis, we estimate the impact of pensions (public) and inter-household (private) monetary transfers on the dynamics of rural poverty in Brazil between 1996 and 2015. We combine data from the Brazilian National Household Survey and administrative data from State Statistics Bureaus, in order to estimate a Generalized Method of Moments-System dynamic panel model for poverty. Controlling for demographic composition, GSP (Gross State Product) agricultural share, GSP share to GNP (Gross National Product), educational attainment, unemployment rate, and land concentration, we focus on how pensions and inter-household transfers, as well as their interaction, affected the dynamics of poverty in the rural contemporary Brazil through an increase in the investment capacity of households. Our results show a significant and positive impact of both transfers on poverty dynamics, with scale dominance for the retirement income. Despite controls used, poverty persistence is still significant in contemporary rural Brazil, suggesting that both transfers, even when combined, are limited to fight the structural component of poverty.

Multidisciplinary team decision is rare and decreasing in percutaneous vascular interventions despite positive impact on in-hospital outcomes

VASA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian-Alexander Behrendt ◽  
Tilo Kölbel ◽  
Thea Schwaneberg ◽  
Holger Diener ◽  
Ralf Hohnhold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Outcomes ◽  
Vascular Intervention ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Team Decision ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Background: Worldwide prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is increasing and peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) has become the primary invasive treatment. There is evidence that multidisciplinary team decision-making (MTD) has an impact on in-hospital outcomes. This study aims to depict practice patterns and time changes regarding MTD of different medical specialties. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study design. 20,748 invasive, percutaneous PVI of PAD conducted in the metropolitan area of Hamburg (Germany) were consecutively collected between January 2004 and December 2014. Results: MTD prior to PVI was associated with lower odds of early unsuccessful termination of the procedures (Odds Ratio 0.662, p < 0.001). The proportion of MTD decreased over the study period (30.9 % until 2009 vs. 16.6 % from 2010, p < 0.001) while rates of critical limb-threatening ischemia (34.5 % vs. 42.1 %), patients´ age (70 vs. 72 years), PVI below-the-knee (BTK) (13.2 % vs. 22.4 %), and rates of severe TASC C/D lesions BTK (43.2 % vs. 54.2 %) increased (all p < 0.001). Utilization of MTD was different between medical specialties with lowest frequency in procedures performed by internists when compared to other medical specialties (7.1 % vs. 25.7 %, p < 0.001). Conclusions: MTD prior to PVI is associated with technical success of the procedure. Nonetheless, rates of MTD prior to PVI are decreasing during the study period. Future studies should address the impact of multidisciplinary vascular teams on long-term outcomes.

Impact of external currency exposures on macroeconomic policies

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
I. V. Prilepskiy
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Exchange Rate Regime ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Panel Regressions ◽  
Financial Account ◽  
Currency Exposure ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Impact

Based on cross-country panel regressions, the paper analyzes the impact of external currency exposures on monetary policy, exchange rate regime and capital controls. It is determined that positive net external position (which, e.g., is the case for Russia) is associated with a higher degree of monetary policy autonomy, i.e. the national key interest rate is less responsive to Fed/ECB policy and exchange rate fluctuations. Therefore, the risks of cross-country synchronization of financial cycles are reduced, while central banks are able to place a larger emphasis on their price stability mandates. Significant positive impact of net external currency exposure on exchange rate flexibility and financial account liberalization is only found in the context of static models. This is probably due to the two-way links between incentives for external assets/liabilities accumulation and these macroeconomic policy tools.

Evaluation of the impact of public investment programs on social and economic performance of territories

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
I. E. Limonov ◽  
M. V. Nesena
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Export Activity ◽  
Regional Investment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Development Institution

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public investment programs on the socio-economic development of territories. As a case, the federal target programs for the development of regions and investment programs of the financial development institution — Vnesheconombank, designed to solve the problems of regional development are considered. The impact of the public interventions were evaluated by the “difference in differences” method using Bayesian modeling. The results of the evaluation suggest the positive impact of federal target programs on the total factor productivity of regions and on innovation; and that regional investment programs of Vnesheconombank are improving the export activity. All of the investments considered are likely to have contributed to the reduction of unemployment, but their implementation has been accompanied by an increase in social inequality.

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