scholarly journals Chinese Industrial Outward FDI Location Choice in ASEAN Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Ma ◽  
Xinxin Xu ◽  
Ziqiang Zeng ◽  
Lin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Location Choice ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Location Choices ◽  
Outward Fdi ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Large Potential ◽  
Secondary Industry ◽  
Asean Countries

This paper examined the location choices of Chinese outward FDI (OFDI) from 2005–2016 with a particular focus on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. It was found that Chinese OFDI in ASEAN countries was generally focused on areas that had large potential markets and low tax rates. Unlike previous studies, it was found that primary and secondary industry labor costs were the main motivators rather than resource-seeking. The business environment in the host countries was also found to have positive and significant effects on Chinese OFDI location choice for the agricultural, mining, construction, and information industries. The insights in this paper could provide useful suggestions for both governments and investors.

scholarly journals INTRA ASEAN-5 CAPITAL FLOWS: DO THEY REPRESENT NEOCLASSICAL BELIEF OR LUCAS PARADOX?

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-182
Author(s):  
Nurul Qolbi ◽  
Akhmad Syakir Kurnia
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
Capital Flow ◽  
Marginal Product ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Quality Of Institutions ◽  
Marginal Product Of Capital ◽  
Asean Countries

In the neoclassical belief, capital flows downhill from rich to poor countries as a consequence of capital endowment variation. In contrast to the neoclassical belief, Lucas found evidence that capital tends to flow uphill. This paper investigates the intra ASEAN-5 capital flows. Using panel estimation, we found that marginal product of capital, human capital, total factor productivity growth, and the quality of institutions appear as determinants for the capital flow from Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand to Singapore as a host country. On the contrary, the capital flow from Singapore to other ASEAN countries as host countries is encouraged only by the quality of institutions, human capital as well as per capita GDP. The result shows that Lucas variables emerge as determinants for the uphill and downhill capital flow in ASEAN-5. In the meantime, marginal product of capital that represents neoclassical variable appears as the determinant for uphill capital flow from other ASEAN countries to Singapore. This gives significant insight that Lucas variables emerge as companion to the neoclassical variables in explaining intra ASEAN capital flow

scholarly journals Do Migrant and Native Robbers Target Different Places?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 771
Author(s):  
Dongping Long ◽  
Lin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Location Choice ◽  
Criminological Theory ◽  
Mobile Phone Data ◽  
Spatial Awareness ◽  
Location Choices ◽  
Spatial Choice ◽  
Sports Stadiums ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Subway Stations

The spatial pattern of crime has been a central theme of criminological research. Recently, the spatial variation in the crime location choice of offenders by different population groups has been gaining more attention. This study addresses the issue of whether the spatial distribution of migrant robbers’ crime location choices is different from those of native robbers. Further, what factors contribute to such differences? Using a kernel density estimation and the discrete spatial choice modeling, we combine the offender data, POI data, and mobile phone data to explain the crime location choice of the street robbers who committed offenses and were arrested from 2012 to 2016 in ZG City, China. The results demonstrate that the crime location choices between migrant robbers and native robbers have obvious spatial differences. Migrant robbers tend to choose the labor-intensive industrial cluster, while native robbers prefer the old urban areas and urban villages. Wholesale markets, sports stadiums, transportation hubs, and subway stations only affect migrant robbers’ crime location choices, but not native robbers’. These results may be attributable to the different spatial awareness between migrant robbers and native robbers. The implications of the findings for criminological theory and crime prevention are discussed.

scholarly journals STANCES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ON POVERTY AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milosav Miličković ◽  
Dušan Jerotijević ◽  
Aljoša Kostić
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
First Case ◽  
Basic Hypothesis ◽  
The Impact

The nation-states retained their target as the basic political units in international relations, with significant influence of the leading economic and military forces in them. Modern international organizations can be classified as government international organizations and non - government international organizations. In the first case, they are financed from government budgets, and non - governmental international organizations have funding sources mainly from state budgets, as well as from other institutions. (Andrew Duff, 2007) . International organizations in Bosnia and Herzegovina carry out a large number of projects in the post-war period, and above all it relates to: improving the economy, increasing the competitiveness of producers, gender equality - Gender, improving institutions, supporting returnees, supporting small and medium-sized businesses, reducing unemployment, combating poverty etc. From the above, it can be concluded that a large number of projects are geared towards developing the economy and combating unemployment and poverty, which will be the primary research of this paper. The analysis of International Organizations raises the question of the very purpose of project design in the host countries. The assumption is that it is twofold, both for the host state and for the (state) institutions that fund it. The first is that governmental international organizations are preparing a good business environment for their markets through International Organizations, and are expanding their influence there. The public institutions and the host country’s domestic economy are preparing for the cooperation and eventual entry of their large companies and other interests. On the other hand, there are also non - governmental international organizations, which mainly deal with humanitarian projects and economic ones to a lesser extent. Accordingly, it is justifiable to set the basic aim of this paper’s research: To research and present in tables, graphically, and to interpret theoretically the extent to which international organizations in Bosnia and Herzegovina have had an impact in combating poverty and reducing the unemployment rate, and whether there is a difference between accesses in other host countries. In the preliminary research for this paper, it was established that there is no quality data on the invested funds in this segment by the International Organizations, so the primary data collection was started. Primary data were collected from representatives of international organizations, employees of international organizations, as well as foreign diplomacy. The results of the analysis show the impact of the projects they have implemented on poverty alleviation and unemployment in Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the above, it is possible to set the basic hypothesis of the work, which states: International organizations represented in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina did not adequately answer the task when it comes to reducing unemployment and combating poverty. In addition to the basic hypothesis of the work, there is an auxiliary one, which reads: International organizations in Bosnia and Herzegovina have contributed more to poverty reduction than has been the case with reducing unemployment.

scholarly journals Examining Spatial Heterogeneity Effects of Landscape and Environment on the Residential Location Choice of the Highly Educated Population in Guangzhou, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3869
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Kangmin Wu ◽  
Jing Qin ◽  
Changjian Wang ◽  
Hong’ou Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Location Choice ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Residential Location ◽  
Location Choices ◽  
Residential Location Choice ◽  
Population Proportion ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Global Regression ◽  
Heterogeneity Effects

The residential location choice of the highly educated population is an important consideration to construct a livable city. While landscape and environment are important factors, few studies have deeply analyzed the spatial heterogeneity effects of landscape and environment on the residential location choices of a highly educated population. Taking Guangzhou as the sample, we built a livability-oriented conceptual framework of landscape and environment, and constructed datasets for highly educated population proportion, landscape, and environment factors, and other influencing factors for Guangzhou’s 1364 communities. Global regression and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models are used for analysis. The GWR model is more effective than the global regression model. We found spatial heterogeneity in the strength and direction of the relationship between the highly educated population proportion and landscape and environment. We find that landscape and environment exert spatial heterogeneity effects on the residential location choice of the highly educated population in Guangzhou. The conclusions will be of reference value to further understand how the spatial limitations of landscape and environment affect residential location choices. This study will help city managers formulate spatially differentiated environment improvement policies, thereby increasing the city’s sustainable development capabilities.

Influence of Accessibility on Residential Location Choice

2005 ◽  
Vol 1902 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Zondag ◽  
Marits Pieters
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Housing Market ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Location Choice ◽  
Residential Location ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Location Choices ◽  
Residential Location Choice ◽  
Residential Moves ◽  
Time Variables

There has been substantial discussion among planners about the influence of transport in residential location choices. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the importance of accessibility in explaining residential location choices. The paper addresses this issue by presenting and analyzing findings from the literature and results of a housing market estimation study in the Netherlands. The research findings for the Netherlands illustrate that the transport system influences residential moves at three stages: in move–stay choice, estimation results show that households are less likely to move away from a more accessible location; travel time variables are significant for all household types, and therefore changes in the transport system will affect the size of the housing market and search area of the households; the model estimation results suggest that accessibility of a specific location for many household types is not a significant variable in their location choice. Overall, the empirical results suggest that the role of accessibility is significant but small compared with the effect of demographic factors, neighborhood amenities, and dwelling attributes in explaining residential location choices. The empirical findings are confirmed by findings in the literature; the present results are located at the lower end of findings reported in the literature. An important factor contributing to this result is that accessibility changes among regions in the Netherlands are rather small.

scholarly journals Taxation and the International Mobility of Inventors

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 2930-2981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ufuk Akcigit ◽  
Salomé Baslandze ◽  
Stefanie Stantcheva
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
European Patent ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Location Choices ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
The Us

We study the effect of top tax rates on “superstar” inventors' international mobility since 1977, using panel data on inventors from the US and European Patent Offices. We exploit the differential impact of changes in top tax rates on inventors of different qualities. Superstar inventors' location choices are significantly affected by top tax rates. In our preferred specification, the elasticity to the net-of-tax rate of the number of domestic superstar inventors is around 0.03, while that of foreign superstar inventors is around 1. These elasticities are larger for inventors in multinational companies. An inventor is less sensitive to taxes in a country if his company performs a higher share of its research there. (JEL F22, F23, H24, H31, J61, O31, O34)

scholarly journals Change in Textile and Clothing Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (01) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
TUDOR LIVIU
Keyword(s):  
Change Management ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Clothing Industry ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Efficient Manner

Traditionally, Textile and Clothing Industry has been known for its incremental changes but the current global business environment creates the premises of multiple organizational disruptive changes. Change Management helps people to transition structural change in a positive and efficient manner. Small and medium enterprises in Textile and Clothing Industry face a particular set of challenges – new technologies requiring high investments, relocation arbitrage on labor costs, regional industry protectionism, volatile consumer preferences, need for new managerial skills etc. – all these demanding a rebalance of managerial focus from operational excellence to strategic and change management excellence. A Change Management Model, with associated implementation discipline and attention to global market trends, represents a necessity for current managers active in Textile and Clothing Market.

scholarly journals HARMONIZATION OF TAX LEGISLATION OF THE ASEAN COMMUNITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
TANAPONG DAMKERNGKHAJORNWONG
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Consumption Tax ◽  
Direct Taxation ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Tax Harmonization ◽  
Asean Countries

Abstract This article indicates how tax legislations, both in direct and indirect fields, of ASEAN countries should be harmonized. With respect to direct taxation, the issue of direct tax rates harmonization - personal income tax and corporate income tax - will firstly be discussed. Further, I will look into how the personal income tax treatment on a resident exercising the free movement of skilled labour should be. In addition, how to enhance the network of tax treaties between ASEAN Member States and withholding tax levied on cross-border transaction will also be described. As regards indirect taxation, I will consider to what extent such the consumption tax systems as VAT and GST in each ASEAN countries could be in accordance with each other. Finally, what challenges over tax harmonization in ASEAN can be will be noted. The majority of the discussions above will be based upon the tax harmonization and coordination already conducted within the EU. 

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