scholarly journals Mineralization Patterns of Maize Straw in Fluvio-Aquatic Soil as Determined by Isotopic Traces

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 621
Author(s):  
Lixia Zhu ◽  
Jutian Chen ◽  
Lili Li ◽  
Fuli Zhang ◽  
Tianxue Liu
Keyword(s):  
Priming Effect ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Isotopic Tracers ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Maize Straw ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N

The mineralization of plant residues results in changes in soil C and N. However, it is difficult to determine the origins of C and N from either soil organic matter mineralization or residue decomposition using traditional methods. An incubation experiment containing two treatments (blank soil (BS) and soil with 6% maize straw (MS)) was conducted to assess the contributions of maize straw to gas emissions, and to soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) using isotopic tracers. About 11.5% of maize straw C was sequestered in soil, the cumulative amount of C emitted from MS was 2.5-fold higher than that in BS treatment. A positive priming effect of maize straw on native SOC in the first 14 days was observed, and then became negative, indicating the potential for a positive balance of SOC storage. Cumulative N2O emissions in MS markedly decreased by 22.4% compared with BS, and the loss of N via N2O in MS was approximately 3.3%. Maize straw significantly increased soil TN and contributed 15.8% to TN at day 120. Our study clearly demonstrated that the different dynamics of 13C and 15N in the soils and gases indicated differences of maize straw C and N during decomposition. Maize straw C preferred to contribute to CO2 emissions, while maize straw N contributed more to soil TN.

scholarly journals Vertisols and Cambisols had contrasting short term greenhouse gas responses to crop residue management

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 222-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Badagliacca ◽  
Robert Martin Rees ◽  
Dario Giambalvo ◽  
Sergio Saia
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Short Term ◽  
N Dynamics ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N

In sustainable agriculture crop residues management should consider the interactions between soil and residue properties, which can affect the decomposition and global greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission. Through a laboratory experiment, we investigated the effect of the management (incorporation and surface placement) of wheat and faba bean residues on their decomposition and CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from two soils, a Chromic Vertisol and an Eutric Cambisol. In the Vertisol, wheat residues increased the CO<sub>2</sub> emission more than faba bean when left on the surface whereas no differences among residues were observed when incorporated. In the Cambisol, faba bean emitted more than wheat when left in the surface and less when incorporated. Total CH<sub>4</sub> emissions were higher in faba bean in Cambisol for both management and only when applied in the surface in Vertisol. Total N<sub>2</sub>O emission in the Vertisol was higher when faba bean was incorporated, and wheat was left on the surface. In the Cambisol, wheat addition increased total N<sub>2</sub>O emissions by 20% compared to faba bean, with no differences between managements. Our study confirmed that contrasting properties among tested soils resulted in significant interactions with residues own degradability and their placement affecting residue decomposition, soil C and N dynamics, and GHGs emission.

Soil C and N availability determine the priming effect: microbial N mining and stoichiometric decomposition theories

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2356-2367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruirui Chen ◽  
Mehmet Senbayram ◽  
Sergey Blagodatsky ◽  
Olga Myachina ◽  
Klaus Dittert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Priming Effect ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N ◽  
Microbial N

scholarly journals Effects of fertilizer and biochar applications on the relationship among soil moisture, temperature, and N2O emissions in farmland

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11674
Author(s):  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Ping Lu ◽  
Peiling Yang ◽  
Shumei Ren
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N ◽  
The Impact

Background Di-nitrogen oxide (N2O) emissions from soil may lead to nonpoint-source pollution in farmland. Improving the C and N content in the soil is an excellent strategy to reduce N2O emission and mitigate soil N loss. However, this method lacks a unified mathematical index or standard to evaluate its effect. Methods To quantify the impact of soil improvement (C and N) on N2O emissions, we conducted a 2-year field experiment using biochar as carbon source and fertilizer as nitrogen source, setting three treatments (fertilization (300 kg N ha−1), fertilization + biochar (30 t ha−1), control). Results Results indicate that after biochar application, the average soil water content above 20 cm increased by ∼26% and 26.92% in 2019, and ∼10% and 12.49% in 2020. The average soil temperature above 20 cm also increased by ∼2% and 3.41% in 2019. Fertigation significantly promotes the soil N2O emissions, and biochar application indeed inhibited the cumulation by approximately 52.4% in 2019 and 33.9% in 2020, respectively. N2O emissions strongly depend on the deep soil moisture and temperature (20–80 cm), in addition to the surface soil moisture and temperature (0–20 cm). Therefore, we established an exponential model between the soil moisture and N2O emissions based on theoretical analysis. We find that the N2O emissions exponentially increase with increasing soil moisture regardless of fertilization or biochar application. Furthermore, the coefficient a < 0 means that N2O emissions initially increase and then decrease. The aRU < aCK indicates that fertilization does promote the rate of N2O emissions, and the aBRU > aRU indicates that biochar application mitigates this rate induced by fertilization. This conclusion can be verified by the sensitivity coefficient (SCB of 1.02 and 14.74; SCU of 19.18 and 20.83). Thus, we believe the model can quantify the impact of soil C and N changes on N2O emissions. We can conclude that biochar does significantly reduce N2O emissions from farmland.

SOIL C AND N AS INDICATORS OF VINEYARD SOIL QUALITY IN THE RAVNI KOTARI REGION OF CROATIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia C. Clemens ◽  
◽  
Mia Brkljaca ◽  
Delaina Pearson ◽  
C. Brannon Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Vineyard Soil ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N

scholarly journals Spatially Related Sampling Uncertainty in the Assessment of Labile Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in an Irish Forest Plantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2139
Author(s):  
Junliang Zou ◽  
Bruce Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Sampling Area ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N ◽  
Highly Correlated

The importance of labile soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soil biogeochemical processes is now well recognized. However, the quantification of labile soil C and N in soils and the assessment of their contribution to ecosystem C and N budgets is often constrained by limited information on spatial variability. To address this, we examined spatial variability in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) in a Sitka spruce forest in central Ireland. The results showed moderate variations in the concentrations of DOC and DTN based on the mean, minimum, and maximum, as well as the coefficients of variation. Residual values of DOC and DTN were shown to have moderate spatial autocorrelations, and the nugget sill ratios were 0.09% and 0.10%, respectively. Distribution maps revealed that both DOC and DTN concentrations in the study area decreased from the southeast. The variability of both DOC and DTN increased as the sampling area expanded and could be well parameterized as a power function of the sampling area. The cokriging technique performed better than the ordinary kriging for predictions of DOC and DTN, which are highly correlated. This study provides a statistically based assessment of spatial variations in DOC and DTN and identifies the sampling effort required for their accurate quantification, leading to improved assessments of forest ecosystem C and N budgets.

scholarly journals Environmental Impact of Rotationally Grazed Pastures at Different Management Intensities in South Africa

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1214
Author(s):  
Hendrik P. J. Smit ◽  
Thorsten Reinsch ◽  
Pieter A. Swanepoel ◽  
Ralf Loges ◽  
Christof Kluß ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Enteric Fermentation ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Grazed Pastures ◽  
Soil C And N

Nitrogen fertilization, irrigation and concentrate feeding are important factors in rotational pasture management for dairy farms in South Africa. The extent to which these factors affect environmental efficiency is subject to current and intense debate among scientists. A three-year field study was conducted to investigate the yield response of different N-fertilizer treatments (0 (N0), 220 (N20), 440 (N40), 660 (N60) and 880 (N80) kg N ha−1 year−1) on grazed pastures and to calculate the carbon footprint (CF) of milk produced. Excessive N-fertilization (N60 and N80) did not increase herbage dry matter and energy yields from pastures. However, N80 indicated the highest N-yield but at the same time also the highest N surpluses at field level. A maximum fertilizer rate of 220 kg ha−1 year−1 (in addition to excreted N from grazing animals) appears sufficient to ensure adequate herbage yields (~20 t DM ha−1 year−1) with a slightly positive field-N-balance. This amount will prevent the depletion of soil C and N, with low N losses to the environment, where adequate milk yields of ~17 t ECM ha−1 with a low CF (~1.3 kg CO2 kg ECM−1) are reached. Methane from enteric fermentation (~49% ± 3.3) and N2O (~16% ± 3.2) emissions from irrigated pastures were the main contributors to the CF. A further CF reduction can be achieved by improved N-fertilization planning, low emission irrigation techniques and strategies to limit N2O emissions from pasture soils in South Africa.

Impacts of irrigation on soil C and N stocks in grazed grasslands depends on aridity and irrigation duration

Geoderma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 399 ◽  
pp. 115109
Author(s):  
Paul L. Mudge ◽  
Jamie Millar ◽  
Jack Pronger ◽  
Alesha Roulston ◽  
Veronica Penny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil C ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N

scholarly journals C and N urban soil budget and its spatial differentiation in comparison with natural areas in the Wroclaw region of Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00085
Author(s):  
Izabela Sówka ◽  
Yaroslav Bezyk ◽  
Maxim Dorodnikov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Soil ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N ◽  
Natural Grassland

An assessment of C and N balance in urban soil compared to the natural environment was carried out to evaluate the influence of biological processes along with human-induced forcing. Soil C and N stocks were quantified on the samples (n=18) collected at 5 - 10 cm depth from dominated green areas and arable lands in the city of Wroclaw (Poland) and the relatively natural grassland located ca. 36 km south-west. Higher soil carbon and nitrogen levels (C/N ratio = 11.8) and greater microbial biomass C and N values (MBC = 95.3, MBN = 14.4 mg N kg-1) were measured in natural grassland compared with the citywide lawn sites (C/N ratio = 15.17, MBC = 84.3 mg C kg-1, MBN = 11.9 mg N kg-1), respectively. In contrast to the natural areas, the higher C and N concentration was measured in urban grass dominated soils (C = 2.7 % and N = 0.18 % of dry mass), which can be explained mainly due to the high soil bulk density and water holding capacity (13.8 % clay content). The limited availability of soil C and N content was seen under the arable soil (C = 1.23 %, N = 0.13 %) than in the studied grasslands. In fact, the significantly increased C/N ratios in urban grasslands are largely associated with land conversion and demonstrate that urban soils have the potential to be an important reservoir of C.

Simulation of protozoa-induced mineralization of bacterial carbon and nitrogen

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Rutherford ◽  
N. G. Juma
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Ecological Research ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Glucose Addition ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N ◽  
Typic Cryoboroll ◽  
Bacterial C

Modelling in soil ecological research is a means of linking the dynamics of microbial and faunal populations to soil processes. The objectives of this study were (i) to simulate bacterial-protozoan interactions and flows of C and N in clay loam Orthic Black Chernozemic soil under laboratory condtions; and (ii) to quantify the flux of C and N (inputs and outputs) through various pools using the simulation model. The unique features of this model are: (i) it combines the food chain with specific soil C and N pools, and (ii) it simultaneously traces the flows of C, 14C, N and 15N. It was possible to produce a model that fitted the data observed for the soil. The simulated CO2-C evolved during the first 12 d was due mainly to glucose addition (171 μg C g−1 soil) and cycling of C in the soil (160 μg C g−1 soil). During this interval, bacterial C uptake was 5.5-fold greater than the initial bacterial C pool size. In the first 12 d protozoa directly increased total CO2-C evolution by 11% and increased NH4-N mineralization 3-fold, compared to soil containing only bacteria. Mineralization of C and N was rapid when bacterial numbers were increased as a result of glucose addition. Key words: Acanthamoeba sp., modelling, N mineralization-immobilization, organic matter, Pseudomonas sp., Typic Cryoboroll

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