scholarly journals Start Walking! How to Boost Sustainable Mode Choice—Psychological Measures to Support a Shift from Individual Car Use to More Sustainable Traffic Modes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Risser ◽  
Matus Sucha
Keyword(s):  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Information Product ◽  
Mode Shift ◽  
Psychological Measures ◽  
Car Use ◽  
Marketing Model ◽  
Marketing Process ◽  
Do So

Transport is one of the sectors that contributes to global warming. To tackle this issue, one of the most important tasks is to enhance/support a mode shift from individual car use to more sustainable traffic modes. To achieve this, psychology-based measures are needed. We need to understand what keeps people from walking, and what motivates people who do walk to do so, or to define the barriers and the preconditions that are needed for walking or cycling. These preconditions are perceived in a different way by different people. As the motivation of individual citizens differs greatly, the preconditions have to be targeted precisely. In this paper a scheme is presented that deals with this issue—i.e., to enhance/support a mode shift to sustainable traffic modes with the following steps: To identify and improve the preconditions for walking; to communicate information, and; to provide opportunities or incentives. As a theoretical background we use a classical marketing model presented by Philip Kotler, which has strong connections with communication and social psychology. Through the case of supporting sustainable traffic modes—the product which will be “sold”—we present the different steps of the model (information, product, communication, incentives, and distribution). With all aspects we emphasize that a holistic approach (a combination of all these aspects and steps) is necessary for a successful marketing process that in fact makes citizens “buy” the idea of walking (more). The main suggestion of this paper is to implement the steps suggested in it in the frame of a pilot project in a city or a province and then to evaluate. Evidence that the suggested measures work when applied appropriately and—as strongly underlined—in a concerted manner can only be achieved by trying in practice.

scholarly journals SoK: Privacy on Mobile Devices – It’s Complicated

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Spensky ◽  
Jeffrey Stewart ◽  
Arkady Yerukhimovich ◽  
Richard Shay ◽  
Ari Trachtenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Private Data ◽  
Technology Gaps ◽  
Complex Ecosystem ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Typical User ◽  
Do So

AbstractModern mobile devices place a wide variety of sensors and services within the personal space of their users. As a result, these devices are capable of transparently monitoring many sensitive aspects of these users’ lives (e.g., location, health, or correspondences). Users typically trade access to this data for convenient applications and features, in many cases without a full appreciation of the nature and extent of the information that they are exposing to a variety of third parties. Nevertheless, studies show that users remain concerned about their privacy and vendors have similarly been increasing their utilization of privacy-preserving technologies in these devices. Still, despite significant efforts, these technologies continue to fail in fundamental ways, leaving users’ private data exposed.In this work, we survey the numerous components of mobile devices, giving particular attention to those that collect, process, or protect users’ private data. Whereas the individual components have been generally well studied and understood, examining the entire mobile device ecosystem provides significant insights into its overwhelming complexity. The numerous components of this complex ecosystem are frequently built and controlled by different parties with varying interests and incentives. Moreover, most of these parties are unknown to the typical user. The technologies that are employed to protect the users’ privacy typically only do so within a small slice of this ecosystem, abstracting away the greater complexity of the system. Our analysis suggests that this abstracted complexity is the major cause of many privacy-related vulnerabilities, and that a fundamentally new, holistic, approach to privacy is needed going forward. We thus highlight various existing technology gaps and propose several promising research directions for addressing and reducing this complexity.

scholarly journals Holistic approach to understanding behaviour of 5-12 year olds in a social environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Daina Lieģeniece
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Sage Publication ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Publication Data ◽  
Children’S Behaviour

The primary purpose of this study was to become acquainted with theoretical background of the investigations of the phenomenon “self-regulation”. It was done by analysing various sources of information, receiving cues from SAGE publication data bases (after 1990). The idea of analyses was assumed by taking into consideration D.Lieģeniece’s (1997, 1999) elaborated model “Holistic approach to education of a 5-7 year old child”. Holistic approach model identifies child’s self-regulation as a construct influenced by a whole personality: cognitive processes, emotionality, volitional sphere, needs, motives etc. This work is reviewed as research on characteristics of children’s self-regulation as a point of children’s school-related competence across the preschool and elementary school. In the current study three aspects are considered, influencing self-regulation ability (1) emotionrelated self-regulation ability (2) cognitive competence (3) situation knowledge and social skills. Research suggests taking into consideration dynamic influences among intrinsic factors causing children’s behaviour.

scholarly journals Understanding Abundance of Litter on Urban Lake in Developing Country: a Systems-thinking Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Muhammad Muhsin ◽  
Mahawan Karuniasa ◽  
Herr Soeryantono
Keyword(s):  
Systems Thinking ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Urban Lake ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Systems Thinking Approach

An abundance of litter on urban lake environment has been an issue for decades. This complex issue involves many stakeholders and also couples human socio-economic and natural-environment systems. Understanding the interrelationships among stakeholders and between those two systems is important as a first step for looking the solutions. This paper aims to present a systems-thinking approach to illustrate the relationships among key factors contributing to the issue. We examined Kenanga Lake located on Campus of Universitas Indonesia, Depok City, Indonesia and some part of its catchment area as a pilot project. By conducting field observation and previous literature review, we identified that campus management, municipal government, and citizen are three major stakeholders in the systems. The results showed that lake cleanness contributes to campus image, thus it gives feedback to the city’s economic and population growth. In another side, those growths combined with some socio-cultural aspects have a pathway to perpetuate this problem. The interrelationships among those factors are further illustrated by a conceptual diagram. Finally, this holistic approach diagram can be used to inspire the development of dynamic models for helping decision making.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE VOLUNTARY TAX COMPLIANCE IN SLOVENIA: TAX AUTHORITY PERSPECTIVE

2018 ◽  
pp. 153-169
Keyword(s):  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Voluntary Compliance ◽  
The Status ◽  
Instrument Identification ◽  
Cooperative Relationship

Since 2015, certain taxpayers may apply for the special status in order to promote voluntary compliance at the Tax Authority of Republic of Slovenia (FURS), after the horizontal monitoring pilot project was successfully finished in 2010. The theoretical background of the status is based on the idea of co-operative compliance, which can be described as the monitoring, predicting and preventing problems in the tax authority and taxpayers relationship. The purpose of the section is to analyse the instrument, which should establish cooperation based on transparency, understanding and mutual trust between taxpayers and tax authority. The research methodology was focused on survey among tax experts participated in drafting the legislation implementing cooperative relationship as well as experts empowered for monitoring the institute. The main objectives of the study have focused on the current activities identification, the assessment of expectations, the gaps, constraints and potential changes of the instrument identification and the evaluation of the long-term effects of the institute.

scholarly journals Selection of priority areas for payment of environmental services: an analysis at the watershed level

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
Fernando Salles Rosa ◽  
Kelly Cristina Tonello ◽  
Roberto Wagner Lourenço
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Cross Tabulation ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Do So

In this study, we selected priority areas for conservation of water resources to support programs for environmental services (PSA) payment. The proposal will be used for the implementation of the PSA pilot project in the watershed of the Murundu, Ibiúna-SP, to support PSA public policy to foster sustainability. To do so, land use information layers, vegetative cover and slope were organized in a GIS environment in order to allow through cross tabulation the selection of priorities to generate a thematic map. From this map, we performed qualitative and a quantitative analysis, as well as priority setting ranges. The tools used have shown to be useful in supporting decision-making and research and public policy in PSA, focusing on increasing the governance of water resources. It is clear that remuneration for “standing forest" definitely represents the major prospect in the watershed of the river’s Murundu, as well as the possibility of converting monetary values of the payment into other forms of support to providers of the service according to their priorities.
  

scholarly journals The virtual newsroom: Using wiki technology for training student print journalists

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
Susan Hetherington
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Writing Process ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Student Surveys ◽  
Peer Editing ◽  
Print News ◽  
Wiki Technology ◽  
Critical Literacies ◽  
One Year ◽  
Do So

This article analyses how, during a one-year project, a wiki was established to enable student print journalists to collaborate to create a professional print news product. The idea was to replicate a professional newsroom where a second set of eyes is always cast on material before publication but to do so in an environment that provided flexibility of access and therefore accommodated demanding student timetables. The wiki provided a space for student peer editing of news and feature stories enhancing the collaborative, creative and critical literacies of those involved. The article explores how peer review (in the writing process) helped these reviewers become better writers and ultimately better journalists. It reviews literature regarding the use of wikis as a collaborative learning tool and uses student surveys to assess the success of the pilot project.

scholarly journals ON FILOZOFÓWNA’S CRITICISM OF BLAUSTEIN’S PHENOMENOLOGY OF AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 534-552
Author(s):  
WITOLD PŁOTKA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Psychic Life ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Biographical Sketches ◽  
Do So

Phenomenology originates in a critical assessment of descriptive psychology. In this regard, scholars emphasize mainly the problem of psychologism. Yet, the question of a methodological divide between both approaches is rather at the margins of contemporary scholarship. In the present paper, I analyze and discuss the 1931–32 debate held by Irena Filozofówna and Leopold Blaustein as a case study of the phenomenology-psychology divide. The debate addresses the structure of aesthetic experience, as well as a methodological background for describing psychic life. My main task is to present arguments, concepts, and methodologies of the opposing positions. To do so, in Sect. (1) I outline biographical sketches of Filozofówna and Blaustein. They were members of the Lvov-Warsaw School, but they presented different approaches: whereas Filozofówna advocated descriptive and experimental psychology, Blaustein—educated not only by Twardowski, but also by Ingarden, and Husserl—referred to the phenomenological tradition too. Sect. (2) summarizes Blaustein’s phenomenological aesthetics. His approach consists in analyzing aesthetic experience as a combination of nonreducible presentations. His key observation is that different types of art require different presentations, say, imaginative, schematic, or symbolic. In Sect. (3), I analyze Filozofówna’s criticism of this approach. Her main argument consists in emphasizing judgments as a necessary element of every lived experience. She claims that Blaustein comprehends acts as intentional, i.e., as presenting their objects as “such and such,” but by doing so, he confuses presentations with judgments. In this section I follow Blaustein’s replies to Filozofówna’s criticism. In Sect. (4), I analyze Filozofówna’s argument that Blaustein adopted an ineffective method, since he was too hasty in accepting unjustified hypotheses. In Sect. (5), I ask about a theoretical background of Filozofówna’s criticism, and I juxtapose both positions.

scholarly journals Including multiple languages in secondary education: A translanguaging approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-106
Author(s):  
Mirjam Günther-van der Meij ◽  
Joana Duarte ◽  
Laura Nap
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Teacher Training ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
National Language ◽  
Language Diversity ◽  
Language Resources ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Training Programmes

AbstractThis article presents recent developments around multilingual secondary education in the officially bilingual province of Friesland, the Netherlands. As in other European contexts, schools in this region face the challenge of a growing language diversity due to migration. Despite this larger variety of languages in society, schooling is still mainly through the national language (Kroon & Spotti, 2011), based on the idea that immersion in each of the target languages triggers the best outcomes, thus leading to language separation pedagogies. Also, in teacher training programmes, pre-service teachers are educated with a pedagogy of language separation. This is in contrast with research that has repeatedly shown the importance of using all language resources of multilingual pupils in optimizing learning (Cenoz & Gorter, 2011; Cummins, 2008).Against this backdrop, recent developments for multilingual secondary education within the province of Friesland focus on a. less separation between the three instruction languages (Frisian, Dutch and English); b. creating bridges between foreign languages in secondary education (German and French); c. valorising and including migrant languages in mainstream education. The Holi-Frysk project (holistic approach for Frisian and language education) was set up as an answer to these issues (Authors, forthcoming). In this pilot-project three secondary schools of different types developed, implemented and evaluated multilingual teaching approaches to include all languages present in the school in teaching. Teachers were trained through workshops and school visits and the activities were video recorded, transcribed and analysed on their translanguaging practices.The article will first of all present and discuss a few examples of the pedagogical activities and secondly zoom in on its effects at the interactional level by focusing on moments in which different functions of pedagogical translanguaging (García & Wei, 2015) appear. Finally, suggestions are given how these findings could be integrated in the teacher training programmes to prepare our pre-service teachers for today’s multilingual and multicultural classrooms.

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