scholarly journals Assessing the Potential Conflict Occurrence Due to Metropolitan Transportation Planning: A Proposed Quantitative Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
Athanasios-Alexandru Gavrilidis ◽  
Andreea Nita ◽  
Mihaita-Iulian Niculae
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Red Flags ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Specific Potential ◽  
Hinterland Transport

Large urban settlements are being organized in metropolitan areas, with a polarizing city influencing and shaping the landscape of the hinterland. Transport infrastructure networks are the main vectors for the permanent flux of resources, and these exchanges should be maintained undisturbed. A poor transportation network impedes the continuity of these flows, causing unsatisfaction, ultimately generating planning-based conflicts within metropolitan zones. This study aims in assessing the potential occurrence of metropolitan conflicts generated by the transportation network design. We used a quantitative approach based on a set of new proposed indexes. The methods were applied on nine metropolitan zones from Romania. The results show that each metropolitan zone has specific potential for conflict occurrence. The higher potential was recorded within the more recent established metropolitan zones. Our results raise the question on whether the Romanian metropolitan zones are fully functional and worthy of this status. The study provides a useful and usable tool in assessing the effectiveness of the transportation networks within metropolitan areas, establishing the potential conflict occurrence and it provides interesting insights about the metropolitan transportation issues, raising red flags toward local and regional decision makers and planners.

scholarly journals Urban access across the globe: an international comparison of different transport modes

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wu ◽  
Paolo Avner ◽  
Genevieve Boisjoly ◽  
Carlos K. V. Braga ◽  
Ahmed El-Geneidy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Urban Economics ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Compact Development ◽  
Unit Of Measurement ◽  
In Transit ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
American Cities

AbstractAccess (the ease of reaching valued destinations) is underpinned by land use and transport infrastructure. The importance of access in transport, sustainability, and urban economics is increasingly recognized. In particular, access provides a universal unit of measurement to examine cities for the efficiency of transport and land-use systems. This paper examines the relationship between population-weighted access and metropolitan population in global metropolitan areas (cities) using 30-min cumulative access to jobs for 4 different modes of transport; 117 cities from 16 countries and 6 continents are included. Sprawling development with the intensive road network in American cities produces modest automobile access relative to their sizes, but American cities lag behind globally in transit and walking access; Australian and Canadian cities have lower automobile access, but better transit access than American cities; combining compact development with an intensive network produces the highest access in Chinese and European cities for their sizes. Hence density and mobility co-produce better access. This paper finds access to jobs increases with populations sublinearly, so doubling the metropolitan population results in less than double access to jobs. The relationship between population and access characterizes regions, countries, and cities, and significant similarities exist between cities from the same country.

Mixed qualitative–quantitative approach for bidding decisions in construction

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad Mohamed ◽  
Parinaz Jafari ◽  
Ahmed Hammad
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
The Body ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Mixed Approach

PurposeThe bid/no-bid decision is critical to the success of construction contractors. The factors affecting the bid/no-bid decision are either qualitative or quantitative. Previous studies on modeling the bidding decision have not extensively focused on distinguishing qualitative and quantitative factors. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to improve the bidding decision in construction projects by developing tools that consider both qualitative and quantitative factors affecting the bidding decision.Design/methodology/approachThis study proposes a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach to deal with both qualitative and quantitative factors. The mixed qualitative-quantitative approach is developed by combining a rule-based expert system and fuzzy-based expert system. The rule-based expert system is used to evaluate the project based on qualitative factors and the fuzzy expert system is used to evaluate the project based on the quantitative factors in order to reach the comprehensive bid/no-bid decision.FindingsThree real bidding projects are used to investigate the applicability and functionality of the proposed mixed approach and are tested with experts of a construction company in Alberta, Canada. The results demonstrate that the mixed approach provides a more reliable, accurate and practical tool that can assist decision-makers involved in the bid/no-bid decision.Originality/valueThis study contributes theoretically to the body of knowledge by (1) proposing a novel approach capable of modeling all types of factors (either qualitative or quantitative) affecting the bidding decision, and (2) providing means to acquire, store and reuse expert knowledge. Practical contribution of this paper is to provide decision-makers with a comprehensive model that mimics the decision-making process and stores experts' knowledge in the form of rules. Therefore, the model reduces the administrative burden on the decision-makers, saves time and effort and reduces bias and human errors during the bidding process.

scholarly journals Impact of meteorological conditions and air pollution on COVID-19 pandemic transmission in Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Lolli ◽  
Ying-Chieh Chen ◽  
Sheng-Hsiang Wang ◽  
Gemine Vivone
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Lombardy Region ◽  
Autonomous Province

Abstract Italy was the first, among all the European countries, to be strongly hit by the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2). The virus, proven to be very contagious, infected more than 9 million people worldwide (in June 2020). Nevertheless, it is not clear the role of air pollution and meteorological conditions on virus transmission. In this study, we quantitatively assessed how the meteorological and air quality parameters are correlated to the COVID-19 transmission in two large metropolitan areas in Northern Italy as Milan and Florence and in the autonomous province of Trento. Milan, capital of Lombardy region, it is considered the epicenter of the virus outbreak in Italy. Our main findings highlight that temperature and humidity related variables are negatively correlated to the virus transmission, whereas air pollution (PM2.5) shows a positive correlation (at lesser degree). In other words, COVID-19 pandemic transmission prefers dry and cool environmental conditions, as well as polluted air. For those reasons, the virus might easier spread in unfiltered air-conditioned indoor environments. Those results will be supporting decision makers to contain new possible outbreaks.

scholarly journals Shaping the Common Ground: State-Building, the Railway Network, and Regional Development in Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-296
Author(s):  
Eduard J. Alvarez-Palau ◽  
Jordi Martí-Henneberg
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Combine Data ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
The Common ◽  
Municipal Level

Transport infrastructure played a key role in redefining Finland’s economic geography. An empirical investigation involving new gis databases that combine data about railways, population, and administrative boundaries at the municipal level between 1870 and 2000 permits the identification of three main phases of railway expansion: The first phase was a concentration of railways around Helsinki; the second, the construction of a grid-based national railway network, which coincided with a spread of the population into rural areas; and the third, an expansion of the railway into local networks when Finland’s industry began to coalesce around metropolitan areas.

scholarly journals Time Reliability of the Maritime Transportation Network for China’s Crude Oil Imports

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Shuang Wang ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Liping Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Variable ◽  
Transportation Time ◽  
Government Decision ◽  
Network Transportation ◽  
The Taiwan Strait ◽  
Node Capacity

To evaluate the transportation time reliability of the maritime transportation network for China’s crude oil imports under node capacity variations resulting from extreme events, a framework incorporating bi-level programming and a Monte Carlo simulation is proposed in this paper. Under this framework, the imported crude oil volume from each source country is considered to be a decision variable, and may change in correspondence to node capacity variations. The evaluation results illustrate that when strait or canal nodes were subject to capacity variations, the network transportation time reliability was relatively low. Conversely, the transportation time reliability was relatively high when port nodes were under capacity variations. In addition, the Taiwan Strait, the Strait of Hormuz, and the Strait of Malacca were identified as vulnerable nodes according to the transportation time reliability results. These results can assist government decision-makers and tanker company strategic planners to better plan crude oil import and transportation strategies.

From Mobility to Accessibility

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Levine ◽  
Joe Grengs ◽  
Louis A. Merlin
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Transportation Planning ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
Standard Models ◽  
Per Se

This book flips the tables on the standard models for evaluating regional transportation performance. It argues for an “accessibility shift” whereby transportation planning, and the transportation dimensions of land-use planning, would be based on people's ability to reach destinations, rather than on their ability to travel fast. Existing models for planning and evaluating transportation, which have taken vehicle speeds as the most important measure, would make sense if movement were the purpose of transportation. But it is the ability to reach destinations, not movement per se, that people seek from their transportation systems. While the concept of accessibility has been around for the better part of a century, the book shows that the accessibility shift is compelled by the fundamental purpose of transportation. It argues that the shift would be transformative to the practice of both transportation and land-use planning but is impeded by many conceptual obstacles regarding the nature of accessibility and its potential for guiding development of the built environment. By redefining success in transportation, the book provides city planners, decision makers, and scholars a path to reforming the practice of transportation and land-use planning in modern cities and metropolitan areas.

Skagit Countywide Air, Rail, Water, and Port Transportation System Study

1997 ◽  
Vol 1602 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
Paul C. Sorensen ◽  
Eric Irelan ◽  
Brian Winningham ◽  
Thomas A. Noyes
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Network ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
System Study ◽  
Rural County ◽  
The North ◽  
Goods Movement ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Port Transportation ◽  
North And South

Skagit County, a rural county approximately 96 km (60 mi) north of Seattle, Washington, and 120 km (75 mi) south of Vancouver, British Columbia, is experiencing strong growth in population and employment. Much of the increase is expected to occur in sectors that generate freight. Substantial growth in goods movement is expected at the county’s intermodal facilities. Decision makers realized that a major factor contributing to the economic growth in the county was its relatively unconstrained access to major markets in the north and south. They also understood that the efficient movement of people and goods is dependent on an integrated multimodal transportation network. The main purpose of the Skagit Countywide Air, Rail, Water and Port Transportation System Study was to provide in-depth analysis of the movement of freight, according to mode of transportation (i.e., road, rail, water, air, and pipeline). The methodology used to estimate existing, and forecast future, freight traffic flows by mode and by location is presented.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hypertension in Thailand: Hotspot clustering detected by spatial analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wongsa Laohasiriwong ◽  
Nattapong Puttanapong ◽  
Atthawit Singsalasang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Pattern Detection ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Public Health Officials

Spatial pattern detection can be a useful tool for understanding the geographical distribution of hypertension (HT). The aim of this study was to apply the technique of local indicators of spatial association statistics to examine the spatial patterns of HT in the 76 provinces of Thailand. Previous studies have demonstrated that socioeconomic status (SES), economic growth, population density and urbanization have effects on the occurrence of disease. Research has suggested that night-time light (NTL) can be used as a proxy for a number of variables, including urbanization, density, economic growth and SES. To date, there has not been any study on spatial patterns of HT and there is no information on how NTL might correlate with HT. Therefore, this study has investigated NTL as a parameter for detection of hotspots of HT in Thailand. It was found that HT clusters occurred in Bangkok and in metropolitan areas. In addition, significantly low-rate clusters were seen in some provinces in the Northeast and also in southern provinces. These findings should facilitate control and prevention of HT and, therefore, serve as support for researchers, decision-makers, academics and public health officials to propose more sound and effective strategies for the control of HT in Thailand and elsewhere.

scholarly journals Development of Employment Sub-centres in the City of Ahmedabad, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talat Munshi ◽  
Mark Brussel ◽  
Mark Zuidgeest ◽  
Martin Van Maarseveen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Business District ◽  
The City

This article describes how employment sub-centres can be identified applying geo-spatial modelling techniques in the context of metropolitan areas in India, and how the development of these employment centres can be linked to the levels of accessibility to labour, access to transport infrastructure as well as land use mix and land use diversity. For the city of Ahmedabad, employment sub-centres are identified for the year 2010, while the progression of employment in retail, commercial and industrial sectors in each of these centres is studied for the period from 1980 to 2010. Definite the signs of sprawl-type development and polarization reversal are observed, including the emergence of new employment sub-centres across the urban area, and the rapid growth of centres further away from the central business district. Retail and commercial sectors have grown exponentially, whereas industrial and manufacturing sector’s growth is stagnant. This development is mixed and heterogeneous, with the growth of the retail and the commercial sectors found to have a significant and positive relation with access to labour and transport infrastructure. These identified patterns of development provide important information to urban planners enabling them to make informed decision, for example, in locating future employment activities, identifying future transit-oriented development nodes, etc.

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