scholarly journals Impact of Income Distribution on Social and Economic Well-Being of the State

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Bilan ◽  
Halyna Mishchuk ◽  
Natalia Samoliuk ◽  
Halyna Yurchyk
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Property Rights Protection ◽  
Structural Indicators ◽  
Economic Well Being

Income distribution can cause large-scale transformations in human resources structure, essential changes of economic outputs via its impact on life satisfaction and motivation of work. Thus, the overall objective of this research is to improve methodological tools of income distribution analysis based on identifying the links between different structural indicators of income inequality and the most essential features of social and economic well-being. We conducted comparative analysis of EU Member States and Ukraine. We used structural analysis based on two forms of income distribution—functional (share of “labour” in Gross domestic product - GDP) and household one (ratio of incomes measured by special decile coefficients) to identify income inequality and inconsistencies in distributive strategies. By grouping European countries according to economic well-being (described as GDP per capita) and inequality in income distribution (based on Gini coefficient), we determined apparent tendencies in distributive policies and revealed links between income distribution and connected social-economic features of well-being. We conclude that countries with the most stable and clear patterns in income distribution have distinct connections between the share of labour costs in GDP and successes in social and economic spheres, including human development level, property rights protection, GDP growth, possibilities for taxation and budgeting of social programmes.

scholarly journals Income Distribution, Market Structure, and Individual Welfare

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Market Structure ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Monopolistic Competition ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Welfare Gains ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Heterogenous Firms ◽  
Economic Well Being

This paper explores how income distribution affects market structure, prices, and economic well-being of different consumer groups. I consider a general equilibrium model of monopolistic competition with free entry, heterogenous firms and consumers that share identical but non-homothetic preferences. The results in the paper suggest that poverty reduction might be of a greater importance than lowering income inequality, as lower income inequality does not necessarily lead to welfare gains of the poor. In particular, I show that higher income inequality may benefit the poor via a trickle-down effect operating through the entry of firms into the market.

scholarly journals Growth Impacts of Income Inequality: Empirical Evidence From Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Ademola Obafemi Young
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Property Rights Protection ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
The Impact

The debate on whether income inequality promotes, restricts, or is independent of economic growth has been widely studied and discussed in development economics discourse. However, a careful reading of this extensive extant and burgeoning literature suggests that, other than the ambivalent nature and the fact that the bulk of these studies relied heavily on cross-section/-country/panel econometric analysis, empirical studies examining the nexus in the context of less developed economies, particularly, African countries, has received less attention, as most of the extant studies predominantly focused on developed economies. This current study, thus, attempts to examine the impact of inequality on growth in Nigeria spanning between the period 1970 and 2018. It also examined the theoretical predictions of some of the distinct transmission channels through which inequality impacts growth. Time series econometrics were applied. The results obtained consistently revealed that inequality hurts long-run growth in Nigeria. Also, the results obtained revealed that inequality in income increases relative redistribution and fertility, but lessens investment, gross enrollment ratio, and property rights protection in Nigeria, which may in turn impede growth.

scholarly journals Health Insurance and Income Inequality

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kaestner ◽  
Darren Lubotsky
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Cost Of Health Care ◽  
Government Benefits ◽  
Economic Well Being

Health insurance and other in-kind forms of compensation and government benefits are typically not included in measures of income and analyses of inequality. This omission is important. Given the large and growing cost of health care in the United States and the presence of large government health insurance programs such as Medicaid and Medicare, it is crucial to understand how health insurance and related public policies contribute to measured economic well-being and inequality. Our paper assesses the effect on inequality of the primary government programs that affect health insurance.

Large-Scale Land Acquisitions, Commitment Problems and International Law

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yorck Diergarten ◽  
Tim Krieger
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Weak Institutions ◽  
Land Acquisitions ◽  
Property Rights Protection ◽  
International Investors ◽  
Large Scale Land ◽  
Commitment Problems

AbstractDeveloping countries with weak institutions often face severe commitment problems. International investors are reluctant to invest in these countries because their property rights are insufficiently protected. We argue that in order to overcome the commitment problem countries may subject investors’ rights protection to independent investment tribunals. These tribunals are known to strictly support property rights protection and to be reluctant to honor human rights considerations, although they might be applicable. This may explain why human rights of the local smallholders in large-scale land acquisitions are hardly protected in the Global South.

scholarly journals The Resilience of Dependency Effects in Explaining Income Inequality in the Global Economy: A Cross National Analysis, 1975-1995

2002 ◽  
pp. 30-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Beer ◽  
Terry Boswell
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
National Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
National Analysis

The contemporary era is one of both accelerated economic globalization and rising inequality. There is an increasing awareness among both academic scholars and development professionals that globalization puts certain populations at risk. However, there has been inadequate theoretical analysis and a lack of up to date empirical studies that explain just how contemporary globalization a?ects inequality and the well being of individuals. This study explores the conditions under which TNC penetration and other globalization processes in?uence change in domestic income distribution. Its aim is to investigate whether theoretical models that have proven successful in explaining di?erences in income inequality cross-sectionally also allow for an understanding of the dynamics of income distribution during the 1980s and early 1990s, an era characterized by a dramatic acceleration of globalization. We present an analysis of change in national income distribution using linear regression models with a panel design. This study suggests that dependence on foreign investment as a development strategy, especially compared to domestic and human capital investment, may be misguided for nations concerned with equality. Net of other factors, foreign investment dependence bene?ts the elite segments of the income-earning population over the poorer eighty percent. Our analysis provides evidence of a shift in capital/labor relations brought about by globalization that has signi? cantly contributed to the rise in income inequality seen throughout the world.

scholarly journals The role of perceptions about trade and inequality in the backlash against globalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Dluhosch
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Subjective Element

AbstractMany countries in the Western hemisphere are experiencing a political backlash against globalization. When explaining this phenomenon, much of the extant research draws on the distributional effects of international competition, in particular the opposition to trade by those who are adversely affected. Using cross-sectional data on subjective well-being from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study and combing these self-reports with trade and incomes data, this paper contributes to this strand of research by focusing on the subjective element in the formation of anti-trade sentiments. It thus explores how the role of international trade in the income distribution is being perceived at the individual level. Simulations based on the data reveal that matters of income inequality are evaluated differently, depending on how deeply the respective economy is integrated into world markets: results suggest that the extent of trade globalization amplifies any negative effect of income inequality on subjective well-being. If the role of international openness in the income distribution is perceived to be more pronounced than it actually is, the subjective element has wider politico-economic implications; it carries the risk of costly anti-trade policies without necessarily narrowing the income distribution.

scholarly journals Governance and Income Inequality

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (4II) ◽  
pp. 751-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Shafique ◽  
Rashida Haq
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Poor

Major problems of developing countries are unequal income distribution and low growth rate, which affect their welfare aspects. It was implicitly assumed that whenever we achieve target of higher growth rate, benefit of growth would automatically trickle down to the poor. History of developing countries shows that the rich benefited more than the poor as evidenced by rising income inequality during the period of higher economic growth. The economic policy changes are often triggered by the logic of low level of equilibrium of output level, employment and income distribution. To overcome this low level of equilibrium trap, government often adopt polices so as to achieve high level of income and employment growth and development, and equitable income distribution. Coherent policy instruments are essential to meet these policy targets. Impact of any macro economic policy has been examined by studying its impact on economic growth and income distribution. In recent years polices have been directed toward reducing the level of poverty and inequality through raising quality of life in society by providing efficient and effective governance. This new economic philosophy has resulted in a massive change in the policy orientation of countries; the priority is now centred on issue of governance and focus is now shifted towards a qualitative nature of its growth and development. According to Sen (1983), the realisation of human capabilities, that enlarge the range of human choices, is essential for a broader notion and measure of economic well-being. The institutional frame work is then considered as one of the essential elements for translating growth and well-being into a sustainable process.

Economic Well-Being

2018 ◽  
pp. 249-274
Author(s):  
Gary S. Fields
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Planner ◽  
Income Distributions ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Economic Well Being

This chapter asks a simple question: When is one income distribution better than another? Here, the “better” society is that into which you would choose to be born, or that which you would choose if you were a social planner. It bears mention that the analytical methods introduced in this chapter apply not only to income distributions but to evaluations of economic states in general.

Mining archival genealogy databases to gain new insights into broader historical issues

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 259-270
Author(s):  
Kim Abildgren
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Historical Issues ◽  
First World

Purpose Several genealogical databases are now publicly available on the Web. The information stored in such databases is not only of interest for genealogical research but might also be used in broader historical studies. As a case study, this paper aims to explore what a crowdsourced genealogical online database can tell about income inequality in Denmark during the First World War. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is based on 55,000 family-level records on the payment of local income taxes in a major Danish provincial town (Esbjerg) from a publicly available database on the website of The Esbjerg City Archives combined with official statistics from Statistics Denmark. Findings Denmark saw a sharp increase in income inequality during the First World War. The analysis shows that the new riches during the First World War in a harbour city such as Esbjerg were not “goulash barons” or stock-market speculators but fishermen. There were no fishermen in the top 1per cent of the income distribution in 1913. In 1917, more than 37 per cent of the family heads in this part of the income distribution were fishermen. Originality/value The paper illustrates how large-scale microdata from publicly available genealogical Web databases might be used to gain new insights into broader historical issues.

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