scholarly journals Research on the Effect of Urbanization on China’s Carbon Emission Efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Lianshui Li ◽  
Yang Cai ◽  
Liang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Level Energy ◽  
Carbon Efficiency ◽  
Emission Efficiency ◽  
Expansion Form ◽  
The Western Region

Improvements in carbon emission efficiency are crucial to China’s economic growth; carbon emission reduction and urbanization are two of the focuses of research on carbon emission efficiency. This paper selects 2000–2015 panel data from 30 provinces in China, evaluates the carbon emission efficiency of each province using the DEA method and, based on the STIRPAT expansion form, empirically looks at the effect of urbanization on carbon emission efficiency. The results show that, during the chosen time frame, not only did the carbon emission efficiency of China’s provinces show an upward trend but the carbon emission efficiency of the Eastern, Central and Western regions differed markedly, with the highest efficiency in the Eastern region, the second highest in the Central region and the lowest in the Western region. After controlling for population density, economic development level, energy intensity and industrial structure, urbanization we determine that urbanization can indeed improve carbon emission efficiency, although there are regional differences. Urbanization is conducive to improvements in carbon emission efficiency in both the Central and Western regions but the promotion effect of the Western region is stronger. The effect in the Eastern region is not significant. Based on the conclusions above, this paper puts forward policy recommendations that promote both China’s lower carbon efficiency and future environmental protection.

scholarly journals Regional and Local Moisture Gradients Drive the Resistance to and Recovery from Drought of Picea crassifolia Kom. in the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingnan Zhang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Yilin Ran ◽  
Keyi Wang ◽  
Xiaomin Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Qilian Mountains ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Picea Crassifolia ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
The Qilian Mountains

Increasing evidence suggests that extreme droughts cause more frequent tree growth reduction. To understand the consequences of these droughts better, this study used tree-ring cores from nine sites to investigate how moisture and altitudinal gradients affect the radial growth of Picea crassifolia Kom., a common species in the Qilian Mountains in northwest China. The total annual precipitation and mean annual temperature in the eastern region were higher than those in the western region of the Qilian Mountains. The trees in the eastern region showed stronger resistance to drought than those in the west, as they had a smaller difference in radial growth between drought disturbance and pre-drought disturbance. At the same time, the trees in the east showed weaker ability to recover from drought, as they had a subtle difference in radial growth between post-drought disturbance and drought disturbance. Furthermore, the trees in the east also showed weaker relative resilience to drought, as they had a small difference in radial growth between post-drought and drought disturbance weighted by growth in pre-drought disturbance. For trees below 3000 m a.s.l., trees with high resistance capacity usually had low recovery capacity and low relative resilience capacity. Trees at higher altitudes also showed stronger resistance to drought and weaker ability to recover from drought after a drought event than those at lower altitudes in the middle of the Qilian Mountains. Trees at lower altitudes in the middle of the Qilian Mountains had more difficulties recovering from more severe and longer drought events. In the context of global warming, trees in the western region and at lower altitudes should be given special attention and protection in forest management to enhance their resistance to extreme droughts.

scholarly journals Analysis of Regional Differences and Influencing Factors on China’s Carbon Emission Efficiency in 2005–2015

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 3081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeng ◽  
Lu ◽  
Liu ◽  
Zhou ◽  
Hu
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Tobit Model ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Dea Model ◽  
Emission Efficiency ◽  
Unit Root Testing ◽  
Technology Level

With the challenge to reach targets of carbon emission reduction at the regional level, it is necessary to analyze the regional differences and influencing factors on China’s carbon emission efficiency. Based on statistics from 2005 to 2015, carbon emission efficiency and the differences in 30 provinces of China were rated by the Modified Undesirable Epsilon-based measure (EBM) Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Model. Additionally, we further analyzed the influencing factors of carbon emission efficiency’s differences in the Tobit model. We found that the overall carbon emission efficiency was relatively low in China. The level of carbon emission efficiency is the highest in the East region, followed by the Central and West regions. As for the influencing factors, industrial structure, external development, and science and technology level had a significant positive relationship with carbon emission efficiency, whereas government intervention and energy intensity demonstrated a negative correlation with carbon emission efficiency. The contributions of this paper include two aspects. First, we used the Modified Undesirable EBM DEA Model, which is more accurate than traditional methods. Secondly, based on the data’s unit root testing and cointegration, the paper verified the influencing factors of carbon emission efficiency by the Tobit model, which avoids the spurious regression. Based on the results, we also provide several policy implications for policymakers to improve carbon emission efficiency in different regions.

The Food and Growth of the Maskinonge (Esox masquinongy Mitchill) in Canadian Waters

1952 ◽  
Vol 8c (5) ◽  
pp. 347-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. Hourston
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Weight Relationship ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
St Lawrence River

Maskinonge from three regions were studied: the Lake of the Woods district in Ontario (called Western); the Kawartha Lakes and Georgian Bay district in Ontario (Central) and the St. Lawrence River district in Quebec (Eastern). Examination of 202 stomachs, 81 containing food, showed the maskinonge to be a general carnivore, preying mainly on fish over 150 mm. in length. The families Percidae, Catostomidae, Ameiuridae, Centrarchidae, Hiodontidae, Esocidae and Cyprinidae were represented, along with at least one Cambarus. The yellow perch, Perca flavescens, was the species eaten most frequently in all three regions. A common white sucker (Catostomus commersonnii) was found in a stomach of the hybrid E. masquinongy × E. lucius. Examination of the teeth of each specimen showed that they were being continuously replaced throughout the summer season.Rate of growth varied with sex and locality. Females had a significantly faster rate of growth, both in length and in weight, than did males. Maskinonge from the Western Region were shorter and weighed less than fish of the same age from the other two regions. Maskinonge of the Eastern and Central Regions reached the legal size of 30 inches fork length during their fifth summer, but in the Western Region they did not attain this size until their seventh summer. The length-weight relationship appears to be the same in the Eastern and Central Regions, whereas maskinonge from the Western Region tended to be heavier than those of comparable lengths from the other two regions. In all regions the length-weight relationship was a straight line when plotted logarithmically, its slope being estimated as 3.26 in the Eastern Region. Sexual maturity occurs first between the ages of three and six years, or about 575 to 800 mm. fork length. Specimens of a E. masquinongy × E. lucius hybrid appeared to be infertile. They did not differ from the maskinonge specimens in their length-weight relationships but made faster growth than did the maskinonge from the same region.

High Toxoplasma Seroprevalence Associated with Meat Eating Habits of Locals in Nepal

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiba Kumar Rai ◽  
Takeo Matsumura ◽  
Kazuo Ono ◽  
Ayako Abe ◽  
Kazuko Hirai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Meat Eating ◽  
The People ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Apparently Healthy

A serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in apparently healthy subjects (n=404) living in Achham (n=215) and Dang (n=189) districts in western Nepal was carried out. An interview with 249 participants, each representing a household, was also conducted. This interview pertained to their meat eating habits and the keeping of cats in their houses. Toxoplasma antibodies were detected by using the microlatex agglutination test. The overall seroprevalence was 65.3% with no significant difference in the two districts (Achham: 66.9% and Dang: 63.5%) included ( p=0.546). Females and the Indo-Aryan ethnic-group showed marginally higher prevalence compared with their male ( p=0.545) and Tibeto-Burman ( p=0.075) counterparts. The majority of the infections was found to have occurred during childhood. The frequency of meat eating in western and eastern regions differed greatly ( p=0.000) with the people in the eastern region being frequent meat eaters than those in the western region. About one-third of the subjects, all Indo-Aryans, in the western region had the raw meat eating habit but none in the eastern region. Approximately 7.0% of households in both western and eastern regions kept cats. The present findings demonstrated a typical role of meat eating habits of people in the high Toxoplasma seroprevalence in Nepal.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Dynamic Change of Vegetation Cover in the Mechanical Forest Field of Sehan Dam Based on RS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Shang ◽  
Yanbin Qin ◽  
Pinyang Hu ◽  
Han Zheng ◽  
Zhi Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Central China ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
Forest Farm

In order to study the dynamic changes of vegetation cover in saihanba mechanical forest farm in the past 30 years, this paper used the Landsat remote sensing images of the area in 1989, 2001 and 2016 provided by the geospatial data cloud platform, and extracted the vegetation coverage information of saihanba mechanical forest farm with normalized vegetation index and pixel dichotomy, and analyzed the dynamic changes of vegetation cover in the three periods. Results show that fr om 1989 to 2001, mechanical sihanba forest vegetation cover age as a whole is in a state of slow wave growth, the western region is relatively stable, relatively obvious growth in central China, the eastern region has no obvious change. From 2001 to 2016, the FVC of this region has been significantly increased, especially in the western region where the FVC has been transformed from very low to very high FVC.The comprehensive results show that the vegetation cover of saihanba mechanical forest farm has undergone earth-shaking changes through artificial afforestation, creating a green miracle from vast wasteland to green water and green mountains, and bringing great ecological and social benefits to human beings.

scholarly journals KILNS OF THE WESTERN AND EASTERN REGIONS OF THE CHERNYAKHIV CULTURE: NEW MATERIALS TO THE ORGANIZATION OF POTTERY PRODUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
E. Schultze ◽  
M. V. Lyubichev
Keyword(s):  
Western Region ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Current State ◽  
Special Part ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Type 3

The aim of this paper was to compare the pottery kilns of the Chernyakhiv culture in two disparate regions for evaluating the organization in pottery manufacturing based on the kilns, their construction and material. Today 11 sites in the western region and 5 sites in the eastern region are known each with one or several kilns. The kilns can be divided in type 1—6 after Bobrinskiy (or the variant A—C after Henning). On the current state of research type 2 seems to prevail in the western region, type 3 in the eastern region. As an example for new investigations the kilns found in Voitenki (Kharkiv county) are presented in detail. Furthermore structures / constructions around the kilns were considered to find evidences for the existence of workshops. In both regions under discussion such remains has been observed rarely (Komariv, Voitenki). Concerning the question, if pottery was produced seasonally or all-the-year, remains of repairs in the kilns were taken into account in both regions (Lepesovka, Voitenki). Another point was the position of the kilns within the settlements. In the western region they were situated at the border of the settlement or even apart them. In the eastern region they were found in several parts of the settlement, in Voitenki in a special part, where evidences of technical works and craft activities are concentrated. After all it seems that in both regions of the Chernyakhiv culture the organization of pottery production worked on a similar economic level, but with local modifications in every settlement.

scholarly journals Occurrence of juvenile Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in three regions in Poland: the final evidence of the conquest

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Dwużnik-Szarek ◽  
Ewa Julia Mierzejewska ◽  
Anna Bajer
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Tick Population ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Haemaphysalis Concinna ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
June July

Abstract Background Two populations of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks (Western and Eastern) in Poland are among the most dynamic tick populations in Central Europe. Expansion and settlement of ticks in new localizations depend on the presence of suitable hosts, for both adult and juvenile ticks. Methods The current study was planned to complement our previous studies on questing adult ticks and was focused on a collection of juvenile D. reticulatus ticks from rodents from three regions in Poland, defined by the presence/absence of adult ticks (regions of the Western and Eastern tick population and the gap area between them) to confirm the existence of stable populations. Rodent trapping was conducted in open habitats (fallow lands, wasteland and submerged meadows) in 2016–2018 in June, July and/or August to encompass seasonal peaks of larvae and nymph activity. Results Altogether, three tick species were collected, 2866 D. reticulatus, 2141 Ixodes ricinus and 427 Haemaphysalis concinna. Dermacentor reticulatus was the most common (72.3%) and abundant (mean 17.94 ± 2.62 ticks/rodent) tick species on rodents from the Eastern region; in the Western region infestation of rodents was only 6.8%. Ixodes ricinus was found in all three regions and was the only tick species collected from rodents from the gap area. Haemaphysalis concinna was noted only in the Western region. The highest infestation of juvenile D. reticulatus was recorded on voles (Myodes and Microtus spp.), infestation of I. ricinus was the highest on Apodemus mice, and the majority of H. concinna ticks were collected from root voles Alexandromys oeconomus. Conclusions Our study confirmed a stable population of D. reticulatus in Eastern and Central Poland and a lower prevalence and mean abundance of this tick species among rodents from the Western region. A lack of juvenile D. reticulatus on rodents in Niewiadów confirmed the existence of the gap area, free of D. reticulatus ticks. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Trend and equity of general practitioners’ allocation in China Based on the Data from 2012-2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Yu ◽  
Wenqiang Yin ◽  
Dongmei Huang ◽  
Kui Sun ◽  
Zhongming Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Special Administrative Region ◽  
Middle Region ◽  
Administrative Region ◽  
The Western Region

Abstract Background: General practitioners are the gatekeepers of the health of the residents living in a particular area. The equity of their allocation is of great significance to the residents' access to essential medical and health services and forms the rational pattern of graded diagnosis and treatment in China. This study aims to evaluate the trend and equity of general practitioners' allocation at the national level in mainland China from 2012-2017 and provide a reference for regional health planning and the rational distribution of general practitioners. Methods: We treated the data of general practitioners from 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, and 4 municipalities (except Taiwan, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and Macao Special Administrative Region) as research materials. We obtained the population and geographical area of each region from the China Statistical Yearbook (2013-2018). The general practitioners' data were obtained from China Health and Family Planning Yearbook (2013-2018). We used the Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient, and agglomeration degree to analyze the equity of general practitioners in population and geographical area allocation in China. Results：In 2017, the total number of general practitioners in China was 252,717, and the number of general practitioners per 10,000 residents was 1.82. The number of general practitioners accounted for 7.45% of the total number of practicing (assistant) doctors. From 2012 to 2017, the population-based Gini coefficient for general practitioners reduced from 0.31 to 0.24, while the geographical area-based Gini coefficient remained unchanged at 0.73. The agglomeration degree based on population increased from 0.72 to 0.73 in the western regions including Tibet (0.403) and Shaanxi (0.513). Moreover, the agglomeration degree in the Eastern region reduced from 1.477 to 1.329, while that in Zhejiang province, Beijing and Shanghai were much higher than 1. The agglomeration degree in the Middle region rose from 0.646 to 0.802, but that in Heilongjiang and Hunan provinces was lower. The agglomeration degree based on the geographical area increased from 0.270 to 0.277 in the western region, among which Tibet, Qinghai, and Xinjiang had an agglomeration degree of less than 0.1. In the eastern region, the agglomeration degree reduced from 1.447 to 1.329, while that in Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, and Zhejiang province was much higher than 10. The agglomeration degree increased from 1.149 to 1.423 in the middle region, among which Heilongjiang had the lowest agglomeration degree.Conclusions: The number of general practitioners in China has increased significantly, but the total allocation is still insufficient. China has a fair allocation of general practitioners' resources based on population, and the allocation is continuously improving. However, the equity distribution based on geographical area is low and has not changed much in recent years. The distribution of general practitioners in different regions is uneven with large regional differences. In the western region, there is a shortage of general practitioners in terms of population and geographical area, while in the eastern region, there is an excessive concentration of resources. We propose that concerned departments should establish and improve the incentive and performance appraisal mechanisms of general practitioners to improve the occupational attractiveness. The departments can use the Internet+ to empower the service capacity and efficiency of general practitioners. The Government should increase its input for the western region and take measures to encourage the eastern region to support the western region. We should also strive to develop medical education in the western region to generate better general practitioners and achieve balanced development in different regions.

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