scholarly journals The Trends of the Energy Intensity and CO2 Emissions Related to Final Energy Consumption in Ecuador: Scenarios of National and Worldwide Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio R. Arroyo M. ◽  
Luis J. Miguel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Energy Matrix ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
A Value ◽  
Final Energy Consumption ◽  
Final Energy Demand

Climate change and global warming are related to the demand for energy, energy efficiency, and CO2 emissions. In this research, in order to project the trends in final energy demand, energy intensity, and CO2 emission production in Ecuador during a period between 2000 and 2030, a model has been developed based on the dynamics of the systems supported by Vensim simulation models. The energy matrix of Ecuador has changed in recent years, giving more importance to hydropower. It is conclusive that, if industrialized country policies or trends on the use of renewable energy and energy efficiency were applied, the production of CO2 emissions by 2030 in Ecuador would reach 42,191.4 KTCO2, a value well below the 75,182.6 KTCO2 that would be seen if the current conditions are maintained. In the same way, by 2030, energy intensity would be reduced to 54% compared to the beginning of the simulation period.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Energy Sector Development Trends and Forecast of Final Energy Demand in the Baltic States

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaclovas Miskinis ◽  
Arvydas Galinis ◽  
Inga Konstantinaviciute ◽  
Vidas Lekavicius ◽  
Eimantas Neniskis
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Final Energy Consumption ◽  
Final Energy Demand ◽  
The Baltic

The paper provides a comparative analysis of economic growth in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and discusses differences in development of the main sectors during the period 2000–2016. Based on detailed analysis of energy sector development, the driving factors influencing changes in primary energy consumption in each country and in the Baltic region are discovered. Increase of renewable energy sources (RES) consumption in the Baltic region over this period by 73.6% is emphasized. The paper presents valuable insights from analysis of trends in final energy consumption by sectors of the national economies, branches of the manufacturing sector, and by energy carriers. Long-term relationships between economic growth and final energy consumption are established. An econometric model was applied to predict final energy demand in the Baltic States for the 2020 horizon. It is emphasized that growing activities in the manufacturing and transport sectors will cause increase of final energy demand in all three countries. Based on detailed analysis of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trends some positive shifts are shown and the necessity of new policies in the transport sector and agriculture is identified. Changes of emission intensity indicators are examined and a potential for decoupling of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from economic growth in Estonia is indicated.

Quantitative Assessment of Advanced Energy Efficiency Retrofitting for Hospitals in India

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshman Ravi Teja Pedamallu ◽  
Vivek Kumar Singh ◽  
Alvaro Peixoto Filipe Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Final Energy Demand

Achieving energy efficiency in buildings is an important factor in developed and as well in developing countries in order to meet its energy demand. Over the past few years, a number of reports have been emerged stating that the buildings sectors are responsible for approximately 31% of global final energy demand. Buildings account for 35% of total final energy consumption in India and building energy consumption is growing about 8% per years. Final energy demand in Indian building sector will grow up-to five times by the end of this century, driven by rapid income and population growth. Hospitals are institutions for the care of people with health problems and are usually functional 24hrs a day, all year around, which demands a lot of energy. Health sector is one of the largest and fastest growing sectors in India. By 2020, it is expected to become a $ 280 billion industry. In India hospitals contribute 23% of total energy consumption and the hospital building growth rate 12–15% in last decade. The World Health Organization estimated that India need 80,000 additional hospital beds every year to meet the demands of India’s population. The aim of this study is to assess the energy demand, energy savings & reduced greenhouse gas emissions by increasing the energy efficiency using advanced retrofitting. Bottom-Up Energy Analysis System (BUENAS) is an end use energy demand projection model for Hospital buildings in India, to normalize the assessment of energy-saving models also going to fill the gap in energy demand reduction by energy system modeling and decomposition analysis. Energy efficiency retrofitting of existing buildings plays a major role in developing country like India in order improve its energy security and minimizing the greenhouse gases. The positive effects of retrofitting of energy efficiency and need the policies and target base proposal for government intention to achieve the potential for energy efficiency are discussed.

scholarly journals Comparisons of Real-World Vehicle Energy Efficiency with Dynamometer-Based Ratings and Simulation Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Karim Hamza ◽  
Kang-Ching Chu ◽  
Matthew Favetti ◽  
Peter Keene Benoliel ◽  
Vaishnavi Karanam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Real World ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Software tools for fuel economy simulations play an important role during design stages of advanced powertrains. However, calibration of vehicle models versus real-world driving data faces challenges owing to inherent variations in vehicle energy efficiency across different driving conditions and different vehicle owners. This work utilizes datasets of vehicles equipped with OBD/GPS loggers to validate and calibrate FASTSim (software originally developed by NREL) vehicle models. The results show that window-sticker ratings (derived from dynamometer tests) can be reasonably accurate when averaged across many trips by different vehicle owners, but successfully calibrated FASTSim models can have better fidelity. The results in this paper are shown for nine vehicle models, including the following: three battery-electric vehicles (BEVs), four plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), one hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), and one conventional internal combustion engine (CICE) vehicle. The calibrated vehicle models are able to successfully predict the average trip energy intensity within ±3% for an aggregate of trips across multiple vehicle owners, as opposed to within ±10% via window-sticker ratings or baseline FASTSim.

scholarly journals Energy foresight: Exploration of CO2 reduction policy scenario for Ecuador during 2016–2030

Energetika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Araujo ◽  
Andrés Robalino-López ◽  
Natalia Tapia
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Energy Matrix ◽  
Alternative Scenario ◽  
Kaya Identity

The energy sector is an important factor that influences life quality and economic prosperity. Differences in infrastructure, technology and even in culture of each country make it imperative to include their own characteristics into energy analyses, making it necessary to identify the different types of sources of CO2 emissions and their magnitudes. The aim of this paper is to present a foresight analysis of the productive and energy matrices dynamics in Ecuador for the period 2016–2030 and to propose public policy that contributes to sustainable development. In a first stage, the research has an explanatory character, referring to construction of a model, which uses an extended variation of the Kaya Identity where the volume of CO2 emissions may be examined quantifying contributions of productive sectors activity, sectorial energy intensity, energy matrix, and CO2 emission features. Subsequently, the research acquires a predictive-experimental nature, using exploratory scenarios. That allows linking historic and present events with hypothetical futures. In consequence, driving forces of the scenario can be explained and analysed using quantitative modelling based on the Kaya Identity and qualitative narratives. Within this study two scenarios were built. The Business as Usual scenario, without modifying the structure of productive and energy matrices, and the Alternative scenario that seeks to reduce the consumption of oil derivatives in land transport, which consumes 50% of the country’s energy demand. The Alternative scenario, which promotes the use of biofuels, projects to reduce the CO2 emissions from 45.58 to 43.41 Mt of CO2 equivalent for 2030. The policy on biofuels in Ecuador is at an early stage. So, biofuels offer important opportunities: i) diversification of the energy matrix, ii) contribution to energy security, iii) promotion of the growth of the industrial sector, and iv) substitution of fossil fuels and mitigation of the greenhouse gas effects.

scholarly journals Biogas Technology in Germany and Romania: Comparative Aspects and Achievements

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela PALELA ◽  
Carmen SOCACIU
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Social Strategies ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Final Energy Consumption

The European Union’s policies regarding the energy security impose to the European countries to take urgent measures because of the global energy demand which is growing rapidly. The ambitious target approved by the renewable energy directive is that 20 % of the final energy consumption has to be provided by renewable sources by 2020. The technological transfer from west to east Europe encourages the eastern countries with a high agricultural potential to develop political, economical, and social strategies to replace the fossil resources with the renewable materials. The main goal of the European countries is to promote the clean energy technologies. Thus, the share of renewable resources such as wind, solar, biomass, geothermal, biogas, etc. has to be increases with 24 % of the final energy consumption compared to the overall EU target of 20 %. The current work emphasize the technological state and perspectives of the biogas production of the Romanian country in comparison with the leader country in Europe, Germany.

scholarly journals Demand vs supply-side approaches to mitigation: What final energy demand assumptions are made to meet 1.5 and 2 °C targets?

2022 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 102448
Author(s):  
Kate Scott ◽  
Christopher J. Smith ◽  
Jason A. Lowe ◽  
Luis Garcia Carreras
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Final Energy Demand

scholarly journals Investigating the Impacts of Energy Access Scenarios in the Nigerian Household Sector by 2030

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O. Dioha ◽  
Nnaemeka Vincent Emodi
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Final Energy Demand

Lack of access to modern forms of energy continues to hamper socio-economic development in Nigeria, and about 94% and 39% of the Nigerian population do not have access to clean cooking equipment and electricity, respectively. The United Nations Sustainable Energy for All initiative and Sustainable Development Goal number seven seek to provide universal modern energy for all by 2030. However, the implications of these global goals on Nigeria’s energy system have not been well researched in the literature. In this study, we applied the Long-Range Energy Alternatives Planning Systems model to analyse the impacts of different energy access scenarios by 2030 on household energy consumption, CO2 emissions and local air pollutant emissions. We also analysed different scenarios for biomass renewability in order to understand its impact on household net CO2 emissions. We found that achieving a 100% modern energy access by 2030 would reduce final energy demand by around 845 PJ, which is equivalent to a 52.4% reduction when compared to the baseline scenario. A 100% modern access would also significantly reduce local air pollutants, but increase CO2 emissions significantly by 16.7 MtCO2 compared to the baseline scenario. Our analysis shows that the benefits of modern energy access have been limited in Nigeria due to poor financing and low income levels of households. Therefore, we argue that for a 100% modern energy access in Nigeria by 2030, there is a need to explore local and foreign funding sources, and a serious need to couple energy access programs in the country with income-generating activities.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact of Self-Isolation of Residents during a Pandemic on Energy Demand and Indoor Air Quality in a Single-Family Building

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6470
Author(s):  
Walery Jezierski ◽  
Mirosław Zukowski ◽  
Beata Sadowska
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
The Self ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Final Energy Demand ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Isolation Period

This work presents the results of analysis of the final energy demand (Qk) for a single-family house in a pandemic situation and accompanying self-isolation of residents. It was assumed that the object of study is located in Bialystok (Poland). This analysis covers the impact of various factors such as specific periods of the active pandemic phase, the length of the inhabitants’ self-isolation period, the number of residents at home, and the type of energy source used in the building. Based on the results of computational experiments, a deterministic mathematical model of the relationship between these variables was developed, and the effects of the selected factors on the final energy demand were analyzed for the typical meteorological year (TMY) weather data. It turned out that the change in the length of the self-isolation period from 0 to 31 days caused an increase of Qk by about 6.5% for the analyzed building. When the number of inhabitants changed from 1 to 4, Qk increased by 34.7%. A change from 4 to 7 people causes an additional 26.7% increase in Qk. It was found that the structure of energy demand for this building operation during the period of inhabitants’ self-isolation also changed. With the increase in the length of the self-isolation period from 0 to 31 days, the electricity demand (Eel) increases by about 40–42%, while the demand for energy related to fuel consumption (Qg) decreases by about 7–10%. The article also presents an analysis of the impact of residents’ self-isolation on indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal comfort. The simulation results showed that the use of variable air volume ventilation allows the CO2 concentration to be kept significantly below the limit value.

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