scholarly journals Measuring the Technical Efficiency of Certified Organic Rice Producing Farms in Yasothon Province: Northeast Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 6974
Author(s):  
Nalun Panpluem ◽  
Adnan Mustafa ◽  
Xianlei Huang ◽  
Shu Wang ◽  
Changbin Yin
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Organic Rice ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

Rice production holds a significant position in the Thai economy. Although it is the world’s largest rice exporter, Thailand’s increase in rice production is the result of an expansion in the cultivation area rather than an increase in yield per unit area. The present study was designed to estimate the technical efficiency and its governing factors for certified organic rice-growing farms in Yasothon Province, Thailand. A data envelopment model was employed to assess the technical efficiency of 328 farmer groups. The data revealed that the average technical efficiency was 23% and 28% under constant returns to scale (CRS) and variable returns to scale (VRS) specifications, respectively. Farmers can reduce the use of machinery, fertilizer, seed, and labor as input factors by about 80.1%, 25.62%, 24.72%, and 19.15%, respectively, while still achieving the same level of output. Multiple regression analysis was applied to estimate factors that affect the pure technical efficiency score (PTES) in the test regions. Results show that household size, farm size, water source, market accessibility, health symptoms, income, and labor were highly related to the TES and the amount of organic rice production. The regression coefficients of the predictors show that the income was the best predictor of the PTES at a significance level of p < 0.05. It is concluded that the farmers can potentially increase their yields by up to 72%–77% under current management practices.

scholarly journals Technology adoption and technical efficiency of smallholder farmers in Tolon district of Ghana: double bootstrap DEA approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Tetteh Anang ◽  
Hamdiyah Alhassan ◽  
Gideon Danso-Abbeam
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Contact Frequency ◽  
Double Bootstrap ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

Abstract The study explored the impact of improved variety adoption on technical efficiency of smallholder maize farmers in Tolon District of northern Ghana. Smallholder maize farmers in the study area were sampled using random sampling technique. Double bootstrap data envelopment analysis was applied to estimate technical efficiency and its determinants. The results indicate that producers in the study area have a bias-corrected technical efficiency of 57% under variable returns to scale (VRS) assumption and 52% under constant returns to scale (CRS) assumption. Controlling for potential endogeneity of the adoption variable, the results indicate that adoption of improved varieties enhance technical efficiency of maize farmers in the study area. Technical efficiency of the farmers increased with herd size but decreased with years of formal education, household size, extension contact, frequency of weeding, and farm size. Ensuring that improved seeds are made available and affordable to smallholder farmers and promotion of livestock rearing are policy measures likely to enhance technical efficiency of smallholder farmers.

scholarly journals Access to Credit and Farm Efficiency in Cameroon: A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
Orelien Tresor Feumba Tchamba
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Farm Efficiency ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

The aims of this paper is to analyze the effect of access to credit on the technical efficiency of farms in Cameroon’s rural area. Using a sample of 545 farm households, we first estimate a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model with constant returns to scale; then a censored TOBIT model enabling us to identify factors of efficiency, especially the effect of access to credit on efficiency. Two main results emerge from our analysis. First, we find that on average, the level of technical efficiency of farms is 56.78%; showing therefore the possibility of substantial efficiency gains. Second, farm size, association membership, and fertilizer expenditure negatively affect technical efficiency, while access to credit, age and education increase it. Based on these results, we believe that it’s interesting for farm householders to organize themselves in associations to benefit from available credits and financial facilities and to share their experiences in the agricultural field in order to improve their efficiency.

scholarly journals Does Farm Size and Specialization Matter for Productive Efficiency? Results from Kansas

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin W. Mugera ◽  
Michael R. Langemeier
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Sample Period ◽  
Analysis Techniques

In this article, we used bootstrap data envelopment analysis techniques to examine technical and scale efficiency scores for a balanced panel of 564 farms in Kansas for the period 1993–2007. The production technology is estimated under three different assumptions of returns to scale and the results are compared. Technical and scale efficiency is disaggregated by farm size and specialization. Our results suggest that farms are both scale and technically inefficient. On average, technical efficiency has deteriorated over the sample period. Technical efficiency varies directly by farm size and the differences are significant. Differences across farm specializations are not significant.

Technical efficiency drivers for the Italian water industry

2010 ◽  
pp. 87-103
Author(s):  
Tiziana Caliman ◽  
Paolo Nardi
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
Component Distribution ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

The aim of this work is to introduce a first analysis concerning the relevance that ownership and financial structure, but also market dimension and business portfolios, have on the technical efficiency of Italian water utilities. Even though scholars have provided information on the influence of some dimensional or geographical variables, mono-utility character or ownership on efficiency, no paper, to the best of our knowledge, has ever considered the presence of all these hedonic variables as efficiency shifters or drivers. Antonioli and Filippini (2001) have not included ownership; Benvenuti and Gennari (2008) have included ownership and multi-utility strategy, but excluded the geographical dimension; Fabbri and Fraquelli (2000) have not included geographical location, business strategy or ownership; furthermore, most analyses of the Italian water sector have focused on the ATO level (investments, labour costs) and not on utility performances. We have estimated four heteroskedastic stochastic production frontiers: two different parametric models, where the hedonic dummy mono is either in the model as an additional variable or it is used to parameterize the variance of the inefficiency term; two competitive statistical formulations have also been introduced to specify the inefficiency component distribution, that is, the half normal and the exponential distributions. The most important findings of this paper can be summarized as follows. The labour, capital and other input elasticities are always highly significant, positive and quite stable in all the performed models, as expected for a well-behaved production function. The main results show that the mono-business strategy is not efficient; at the same time, operating water and sewerage together implies higher efficiency than water- only management. Theoretically, the population density can have an ambiguous effect on efficiency: on one hand, it could be more expensive to serve dispersed customers, but, on the other, it could generate congestion problems. It could be argued that the second effect prevails, therefore a higher density is accompanied by a higher inef- ficiency. The analysis points out that the variance of the idiosyncratic term is a function of the size of the firm, which is measured as the number of connected properties; the null hypothesis, that the firms use a constant returns-to-scale technology, has also been rejected. Considering the 1994 reform, it is possible to state that the integration of water and sewerage has substantially been positive; at the same time, the economies of scale and the ambiguity of density justify the division into provincial basins. The role of the private sector in the water industry, in agreement with previous literature, has neither a positive nor a negative impact on efficiency and ownership is simply not influent [obviously the quality of service should be considered, although the same indifference seems to emerge (Dore et al., 2001)]. Southern Italy suffers from a higher degree of inefficiency (also recently confirmed by Svimez, 2009), and this is probably the most important issue that has to be dealt with, because of the risks of drought and watering bans in those Regions during summer.

scholarly journals Effect of application of supply chain management practices on certified organic rice supply chain performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 892 (1) ◽  
pp. 012038
Author(s):  
E Widijastuti ◽  
Masyhuri ◽  
Jamhari ◽  
J H Mulyo
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Supply Chain Performance ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Social Satisfaction ◽  
Organic Rice ◽  
Economic Satisfaction ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
Certified Organic

Abstract This research is proposed to determine the impact of management on supply chain performance. A description analysis on each indicator’s constituent variables also carried out. Data obtained from farmer groups (Poktan), combined farmer groups (Gapoktan), organic rice farmer associations, distributors and retailers consisting of modern markets, supermarkets, and minimarkets were selected using snowball sampling method. A questionnaire was utilized to determine the perceptions of respondents. The limitation of the study was the involvement of only one area of certified organic rice producer, and several distributors and retailers who engaged in the organic sector following the supply chain flow. The analysis using partial least squares structural equation modelling obtained that the integration of suppliers has a positive significance on efficiency, responsiveness, flexibility, quality, and economic satisfaction, but it does not affect social satisfaction. Internal integration only significantly influences to quality. The integration of customer has a positive importance on efficiency, responsiveness, flexibility, and social satisfaction, but it does not affect the quality and economic satisfaction. Meanwhile, information sharing has a positive effect on economic and social satisfaction, but it does not affect efficiency, responsiveness, flexibility, and quality. Supplier integration was found to be a significant factor in supply chain management practices in influencing supply chains performance. This study authenticity is the use of measurement constructs that are adapted to conditions in the field to produce new empirical data about the relationship of management practices with supply chain performance in the certified organic rice products.

scholarly journals A comparative study of efficiency and its determinants in Islamic, conventional, and socially responsible banks

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majed Alharthi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Market Capitalization ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Conventional Banks ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

This study empirically estimates efficiency and its determinants in 190 Islamic (IBs), conventional (CBs), and socially responsible banks (SRBs) in 22 countries during the period 2005-2012. The study first uses non-parametric approaches to estimate the efficiency measures (scale efficiency (SE), technical efficiency-constant returns to scale (CRS), and technical efficiency-variable returns to scale (VRS)) and second employs ordinary least squares, fixed effects, random effects, and TOBIT models to get the efficiency determinants. The findings indicate that the average efficiency is 0.966, 0.952, and 0.983 for the SE, CRS, and VRS, respectively. However, efficiency measures show that the SRBs are most efficient banks whereas, the least efficiency scores archived by Islamic banks. Islamic bank efficiency is positively correlated with size, loan intensity, ROA, inflation rates, market capitalization and financial crisis. However, conventional banks’ TE and CRS efficiency are positively and significantly correlated with size, ROA, and market capitalization, while their VRS efficiency is negatively and significantly related to capital ratio, age and GDP. In addition, SRBs’ efficiency is increased by size, capital ratio, loan intensity, ROA, foreign ownership, domestic ownership, inflation and financial crisis. Furthermore, the financial crisis affects the SE and CRS efficiency measures in Islamic banks while socially responsible banks SE efficiency measure is positively affected by the financial crisis, which means that socially responsible banks were stabled and resisted during the crisis period. Finally, there is no significant correlation between financial crisis and efficiency indictors in conventional banks during the period

scholarly journals Technical Efficiency and Its Determinants of Rice Production in Cambodia

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sokvibol Kea ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
Linvolak Pich
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Production Frontier ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Stochastic Production

The present study aims to measure the technical efficiency and establish core factors effecting rice production in Cambodia. Four-years dataset generated from the central government document &ldquo;Profile on Economics and Social&rdquo; of entire 25 provinces between 2012-2015 and the stochastic production frontier model (SFA) was applied. The results indicated that the technical efficiency of Cambodian rice production varied according to the different level of capital investment in agricultural machineries, total rice actual harvested area, and technically fertilizers application within provinces. Furthermore, evidence revealed the overall mean efficiency of rice production is 78.4% implies that there is still room to further improve technical efficiency by given the same level of inputs and technology. More importantly, the findings revealed that irrigation, production technique and amount of agricultural supporting staffs are being as the most important influencing factors of rice production in Cambodia. In conclusion, present study strongly recommends the development of irrigation systems and good water management practices to be considered and bring into more effective actions by the central government as well as related agencies for improving rice production in Cambodia in addition to capital investment and improving technical skills of supporting staffs and rural farmers.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Micro and Small Enterprises in Ethiopia: Evidence from Data Envelope Analysis Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abebe Birhanu Ayele
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Micro And Small Enterprises ◽  
The Government ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

This study measures the technical and scale efficiency of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) and input slacks using Data Envelop Analysis (DEA) model and identifies the determinants of efficiencies of MSEs by employing ordinary least square (OLS) econometrics model. A sample of 375 randomly selected MESs are included in the study. The study found that the average technical and scale efficiency of MSEs are relatively low; technical efficiency averaged at 30 percent and 38.4 percent under constant returns to scale (CRS) and variable returns to scale (VRS) assumptions, respectively. Besides, the overall average scale efficiency score of MSEs was estimated at 77.8 percent. The highest mean technical and scale efficiencies were registered in the construction (71.8 percent) and manufacturing (85.7 percent) sectors, respectively. Whereas, the lowest technical and scale efficiency goes to urban agriculture sector and service sector, with 38.9 percent and 67.2 percent, respectively. The level of inputs, enterprise age and sector, human capital, labor productivity variables significantly affect relative technical efficiency level of MSEs with different directions while variables such as start-up capital, gender of the enterprise manager and availability of support from the government identified statistically not significant in determining the MSEs&rsquo; technical efficiency.

scholarly journals Organic Corn Production Practices and Profitability in the Eastern U.S. Corn Belt

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8682
Author(s):  
Caroline Brock ◽  
Douglas Jackson-Smith ◽  
Subbu Kumarappan ◽  
Steve Culman ◽  
Cathy Herms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Outreach Programs ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Certified Organic

Efforts to assess and improve the sustainability performance of the growing organic farming sector depend on an accurate understanding of farm structure and management practices. To contribute to the dearth of literature in this area, we conducted a survey of over 850 certified organic corn growers in four states (Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Pennsylvania) in the spring of 2018. Findings show that most organic corn growers in this region had diversified livestock operations (mostly dairy) on relatively small farms (10–100 ha), which contrasts with trends of specialization and growth in farm size. More than half were dairy farmers, and nearly two-thirds farmed with horses (likely Amish). Soil fertility and health were managed by the use of manure, cover crops, forages, and a variety of other soil amendments. Organic corn growers relied heavily on moldboard plow tillage. All producers had positive net returns to labor and management in 2017, though net returns varied widely across operations. The results have implications for assessing the sustainability of organic farming systems, and for designing scientific research and extension/outreach programs to ensure they address the needs of the diverse organic farming population in this region.

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