scholarly journals Study on Environment Regulation of Residential in Severe Cold Area of China in Winter: Base on Outdoor Thermal Comfort of the Elderly

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6509
Author(s):  
Hong Jin ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Bingbing Han
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Harsh Climate ◽  
Pet Index

Overwhelming evidence shows that the harsh climate conditions are affecting urban residents who are living in severe cold areas of China in winter, particularly affecting the frequency and length of outdoor space usage of the elderly. This study aims (1) to establish the modified model which is suitable for the harsh climate region, (2) to verify whether the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) index can be evaluated for the outdoor thermal comfort of older adults in severe cold areas of China in winter, (3) to draw the thermal comfort map that is based on the former conclusions. In this study, the outdoor environments in typical residential areas for the elderly of Changchun, China, has been investigated by using field measurement, questionnaire survey, and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The results show that the wind direction is the important aspects of model modification and quite possibly one of the most neglected. In addition, it is convenient to evaluate outdoor thermal comfort of the elderly on the basis of the PET index and the neutral PET temperature of elderly people who live in severe cold areas of China in winter is −0.5 degrees Celsius. According to the thermal comfort map, the park green land of urban residential is the best area for the elderly.

Landscape Attributes, Microclimate and Thermal Comfort of an Urban Square in Moderate and Dry Climate

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3780-3784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahab Kariminia ◽  
Sabarinah Sh Ahmad ◽  
Ibrahim Norhati
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Public Square ◽  
Pet Index ◽  
Landscape Attributes

Recent rapid urban growth in major cities highlights the role of public squares, where their success can be gauged by its frequency of use and the outdoor thermal conditions. Despite the growing number of studies on outdoor thermal comfort in temperate and dry climate, those done in the Middle East are still limited. This paper examines the effects of landscape attributes on microclimatic conditions and outdoor thermal comfort based on the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) index in Esfahan, Iran. The thermal comfort prediction and correlation between thermal environment and the use of urban space were also explored. Two fieldwork studies were conducted through simultaneous environmental measurement and questionnaire survey in winter and summer at a public square in Esfahan. The obtained data became the basis for Tmrt (mean radiant temperature) and PET estimations, supported by RayMan model. The thermal environment was investigated with different landscape attributes. The derived thermal acceptable range was found to be considerably wider that those reported in previous studies. A strong correlation was confirmed between the thermal conditions and the use of outdoor spaces. The findings demonstrated the strong positive influence of air velocity and evaporative effect of water on thermal comfort. The findings contribute toward suitable design of public squares in climates similar to Esfahan.

scholarly journals Biomimicry-Based Strategies for Urban Heat Island Mitigation: A Numerical Case Study under Tropical Climate

Biomimetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Kevin Araque ◽  
Paola Palacios ◽  
Dafni Mora ◽  
Miguel Chen Austin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Pet Index ◽  
Radiant Temperature

In recent years, demographic growth has caused cities to expand their urban areas, increasing the risk of overheating, creating insurmountable microclimatic conditions within the urban area, which is why studies have been carried out on the urban heat island effect (UHI) and its mitigation. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the cooling potential in the application of strategies based on biomimicry for the microclimate in a historical heritage city of Panama. For this, three case studies (base case, case 1, and case 2) of outdoor thermal comfort were evaluated, in which the Envi-met software was used to emulate and evaluate the thermal performance of these strategies during March (highest temperature month) and October (rainier month). The strategies used were extracted from the contrast of zebra skin, human skin, evaporative cooling, and ant skin. The results showed a reduction of 2.8 °C in the air temperature at 11:00, the radiant temperature decreased by 2.2 °C, and the PET index managed to reduce the thermal comfort indicator among its categories. The importance of thinking based on biomimicry in sustainable strategies is concluded; although significant changes were obtained, high risks of discomfort persist due to the layout and proximity of the building.

Implications of Building Material Choice on Outdoor Microclimate for Sustainable Built Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 82-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kannamma ◽  
A. Meenatchi Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Material Choice ◽  
The Impact

The climatic conditions in a man-made urban environment may differ appreciably from those in the surrounding natural or rural environs.... each urban man-made buildings, roads, parking area, factories......creates around and above it a modified climate with which it interacts [1].Outdoor thermal comfort has gained importance in thermal comfort studies especially in tropical countries. In country like India, culturally the activities are spread both indoors and outdoors. Therefore the need for ambient outdoor environment gains importance. As there are many factors that contribute to outdoor thermal comfort (climatic factors and physical factors), this study aims in analyzing the impact of building material contribution, in an institutional courtyard. In order to understand the thermal contribution of various building materials and to suggest material choice to designers, ENVIMET is used for simulation purpose. The outdoor thermal comfort index employed in this study is PET (Physiological Equivalent Temperature), calibrated using RAYMAN.

scholarly journals Assessing The Thermal Comfort Conditions In Open Spaces: A Transversal Field Survey On The University Campus In India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
Pardeep Kumar ◽  
Amit Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Preferred Temperature

Outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) promotes the usage frequency of public places, recreational activities, and people's wellbeing. Despite the increased interest in OTC research in the past decade, less attention has been paid to OTC research in cold weather, especially in arid regions. The present study investigates the OTC conditions in open spaces at the campus area in the arid region. The study was conducted by using subjective surveys(questionnaire) and onsite monitoring (microclimate parameters). The study was conducted at the Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Haryana-India campus during the cold season of 2019. The timings of surveys were between 9:00 and 17:00 hours. The authors processed the 185 valid questionnaire responses of the respondents to analyze OTC conditions. Only 8.6% of the respondents marked their perceived sensation "Neutral." Regression analysis was applied between respondents' thermal sensations and microclimate parameters to develop the empirical thermal sensation model. The air temperature was the most dominant parameter affecting the sensations of the respondents. The empirical model indicated that by increasing air temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation, the thermal sensations also increased while wind speed had an opposite effect. Physiological equivalent temperature (PET) was applied for assessing the OTC conditions; the neutral PET range was found to be 18.42-25.37°C with a neutral temperature of 21.89°C. The preferred temperature was 21.99 °C by applying Probit analysis. The study's findings could provide valuable information in designing and planning outdoor spaces for educational institutions in India's arid regions

Outdoor thermal comfort in a tropical coastal tourist resort in Haikou, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 730-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunjing Shang ◽  
Xinyu Huang ◽  
Yufeng Zhang ◽  
Maoquan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Considering the importance of thermal comfort in decision-making in tourism, a transverse study involving micrometeorological measurements and questionnaires was performed at a popular coastal destination during the seasons of spring, autumn and winter. We examined the thermal sensation and thermal acceptability using the physiological equivalent temperature (PET). The results indicate that tourists’ thermal sensations varied with the season and the neutral PETs were 19.2°C, 23.8°C and 23.3°C in winter, spring and autumn. The 90% acceptable ranges of the PET affected by the local climate were 19.6–29.5°C during the entire three-season survey period, 21.4–27.1°C in the spring, 19.2–32°C in the autumn and more than 15.9°C in the winter. The analysis of microclimate parameters that affect thermal comfort in three seasons reveals that people expected weaker solar radiation, stronger wind and lower humidity with the air temperature rising, and vice versa. The acceptable range of wind speed was 0.6–2.5 m/s in winter, 0.6–3.5 m/s in spring and autumn. The acceptable range of solar radiation was 0–150 W/m2 in autumn and 0–250 W/m2 in winter. These findings contribute to the better designs for coastal facilities and the thermal comfort of tropical areas.

scholarly journals In-situ Measurement of Pedestrian Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Universities Campus of Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurnida Elmira Othman ◽  
Sheikh Ahmad Zaki ◽  
Nurul Huda Ahmad ◽  
Azli Razak
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Field Measurement ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
View Factor ◽  
Thermal Preference ◽  
Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Sky View Factor

The present study is intended to evaluate an outdoor thermal comfort at two universities campus in Malaysia. Field measurement and questionnaire survey were conducted simultaneously to assess the microclimatic condition and pedestrian thermal sensation. A total of 3033 samples were collected at seven different sky view factor (SVF) values that range from 0.2 to 0.9. The physiological equivalent temperature (PET) was estimated to evaluate outdoor thermal comfort. It was observed that at a highly shaded area (SVF < 0.35) the respondent’s thermal sensation vote (TSV) are neutral (> 25%), acceptable for thermal acceptance vote (TAV) (> 50%) and no change (> 50%) for thermal preference vote (TPV). For moderate shaded (0.35 ≤ SVF ≤ 0.70) TSV was voted as hot (> 25%), acceptable for TAV (40%), and prefer slightly cooler for TPV (>50%). For less shaded area (0.70 < SVF ≤ 1), TSV was voted as hot and very hot (> 25%), acceptable for TAV (>40%) and prefer slightly cooler for TPV (> 40%). Moreover, the PET value increases simultaneously with the increase of SVF. Results thus suggest that at any given activities such as sitting, walking, and standing also caused effects slightly on the way people thermally perceive it during the on-campus daytime.

scholarly journals Outdoor Wellbeing and Quality of Life: A Scientific Literature Review on Thermal Comfort

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Antonini ◽  
Vincenzo Vodola ◽  
Jacopo Gaspari ◽  
Michaela De Giglio
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Outdoor Comfort

While indoor comfort represents a widely investigated research topic with relation to sustainable development and energy-demand reduction in the built environment, outdoor comfort remains an open field of study, especially with reference to the impacts of climate change and the quality of life for inhabitants, particularly in urban contexts. Despite the relevant efforts spent in the last few decades to advance the understanding of phenomena and the knowledge in this specific field, which obtained much evidence for the topic’s relevance, a comprehensive picture of the studies, as well as a classification of the interconnected subjects and outcomes, is still lacking. This paper reports the outcomes of a literature review aimed at screening the available resources dealing with outdoor thermal comfort, in order to provide a state-of-the-art review that identifies the main topics focused by the researchers, as well as the barriers in defining suitable indexes for assessing thermal comfort in outdoor environments. Although several accurate models and software are available to quantify outdoor human comfort, the evocated state of mind of the final user still remains at the core of this uncertain process.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Thermal Condition of a Traditional Cold-Lane in Summer in Subtropical Humid Climate Region of China

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6602
Author(s):  
Hui Chen ◽  
Yin Wei ◽  
Yaolin Lin ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Xiaoming Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Small Aspect Ratio ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Shading Effect ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Computational Flow Dynamics

A Chinese traditional narrow street, named Cold-Lane, can create a microclimatic zone that provides pedestrian thermal comfort under hot and humid climate conditions. This phenomenon was observed through experimental measurement during the summer of 2016. The heat transfer rate over the pedestrian body surface was calculated to reveal why pedestrians experience a cool sensation, and computational flow dynamics (CFD) simulation was carried out to study the influence of the street aspect ratio on the shading effect. It was found that the perception of thermal comfort can be attributed mainly to the radiation between the relatively cool surrounding walls and the human body, and the wind velocity has little effect on sensible heat dissipation. The cool horizontal and vertical surfaces in the street canyon are mainly due to the shading effect as a result of the small aspect ratio, which is a typical characteristic of the traditional Chinese street. The shading effect of the high walls on both sides creates the cooling effect of this narrow street.

scholarly journals Sea Breeze Front and Outdoor Thermal Comfort during Summer in Northeastern Brazil

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1013
Author(s):  
Max Anjos ◽  
António Lopes ◽  
Andrews José de Lucena ◽  
Francisco Mendonça
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Local Climate Zones

Characterizing the behaviour of the sea breeze phenomenon is the foremost factor in the reduction in the heat stress and the achievement of the pleasant environment in coastal cities globally. However, this seminal study shows that the Sea Breeze Front (SBF) development can be related to an increase in outdoor thermal discomfort in a northeastern Brazilian city during summer. We explored the relationship between SBF and thermal comfort conditions using in situ meteorological observations, the SBF identification method, local climate zones (LCZs) classification, and the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) thermal comfort index. SBF days and Non-SBF days were characterized in terms of weather conditions, combining meteorological data and technical bulletins. SBF days included hot and sunny days associated with the centre of the Upper Tropospheric Cyclonic Vortices (UTCV). In contrast, Non-SBF days were observed in UTCV’s periphery because of cloudy sky and rainfall. The results showed that the mean temperature and PET in the SBF days were 2.0 °C and 3.8 °C higher, respectively, compared to Non-SBF days in all LCZ sites. The highest PET, of 40.0 °C, was found on SBF days. Our findings suggest that SBF development could be an aggravating factor for increasing heat stress of the people living in the northeastern coast of the Brazilian city, after SBF passage.

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