scholarly journals Carbon Benchmark for Czech Residential Buildings Based on Climate Goals Set by the Paris Agreement for 2030

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6085 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pálenský ◽  
Antonín Lupíšek
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Emission Limit

This paper deals with the problem that actual building regulations do not reflect the climate targets set by the Paris Agreement. To address this, a benchmark was developed for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of buildings on the basis of the Emissions Gap Report. We first applied an equal allocation of the GHG emission limit for 2030 among the forecasted population to calculate a virtual personal GHG emission limit. We took a proportion of this personal limit for the purpose of housing and extrapolated it for the whole building based on the number of occupants. We also undertook a case study of an actual multifamily residential building and compared its standard design to the benchmark using a simplified life cycle assessment (LCA) method in line with the national SBToolCZ method. The results showed that the assessed residential house exceeded the emission requirement by a factor of 2.5. Based on the assessment, six sets of saving measures were proposed to reduce the operational and embodied GHG emissions. The saving measures included change in temperature zoning, improvement of the U-values of the building envelope, exchange of construction materials for reduced embodied GHG emissions, exchange of heat source for biomass boiler, introduction of light-emitting diode (LED) lighting, use of mechanical ventilation with heat recovery, addition of vacuum solar collectors, and the addition of photovoltaic (PV) panels. Finally, the variants were compared and their suitability in the Czech conditions was examined.

scholarly journals Life Cycle GHG Emissions of Residential Buildings in Humid Subtropical and Tropical Climates: Systematic Review and Analysis

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Daniel Satola ◽  
Martin Röck ◽  
Aoife Houlihan-Wiberg ◽  
Arild Gustavsen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Tropical Climates ◽  
Building Life Cycle ◽  
Total Life

Improving the environmental life cycle performance of buildings by focusing on the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions along the building life cycle is considered a crucial step in achieving global climate targets. This paper provides a systematic review and analysis of 75 residential case studies in humid subtropical and tropical climates. The study investigates GHG emissions across the building life cycle, i.e., it analyses both embodied and operational GHG emissions. Furthermore, the influence of various parameters, such as building location, typology, construction materials and energy performance, as well as methodological aspects are investigated. Through comparative analysis, the study identifies promising design strategies for reducing life cycle-related GHG emissions of buildings operating in subtropical and tropical climate zones. The results show that life cycle GHG emissions in the analysed studies are mostly dominated by operational emissions and are the highest for energy-intensive multi-family buildings. Buildings following low or net-zero energy performance targets show potential reductions of 50–80% for total life cycle GHG emissions, compared to buildings with conventional energy performance. Implementation of on-site photovoltaic (PV) systems provides the highest reduction potential for both operational and total life cycle GHG emissions, with potential reductions of 92% to 100% and 48% to 66%, respectively. Strategies related to increased use of timber and other bio-based materials present the highest potential for reduction of embodied GHG emissions, with reductions of 9% to 73%.

scholarly journals Economic and ecological sustainability of the thermal building envelope: a cross-European perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Tillman Gauer ◽  
Björn-Martin Kurzrock
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Climate Agreements ◽  
Insulation Thickness ◽  
Electric Heat ◽  
Reduce Emissions

The building sector is crucial to reach the goals of common climate agreements. This paper contrasts three approaches to reduce emissions from typical residential buildings in Central Europe: the instalment of electric heat pumps (eHP), a thicker insulation of the thermal envelope and the encumbrance of a carbon tax. The use of less carbon intense fuels allows major savings of GHG emissions. An insulation thickness of 30 cm leads to GHG emission savings of 8% against a thickness of just 12 cm, while total cost savings (LCC) remain negligible. The introduction of a carbon tax of up to 250 €/t-CO2-eq. does not necessarily result in a reduction of GHG emissions due to increased costs of construction. It was further found that the focus of legal building regulations on heating demand is sufficient for now but needs to be revised as carbon intensities continue to decrease. The heating then reduces its share of the GHG emissions from 85 to 55% for typical residential buildings. The paper closes with a general expression of the lifecycle costs of a building which is dependent on the factors above.

Parameter Analysis on Energy-Saving Behavior of a Steel Residential Building

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 235-238
Author(s):  
Chen Lin ◽  
Qiu Xia Wang ◽  
Xiao Tong Peng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Saving Behavior ◽  
Site Test

The steel residential building has been widely used for its good seismic performances. In order to study the energy-saving behavior of the existing steel residential building, an on-site test on envelope structure of a typical steel building in cold region is conducted. Based on that, a simplified numerical model is established in which dynamic energy theories, solar radiations and indoor thermal disturbances are considered. The model is verified through testing data. Parameter analyses including 6 series sum up to 38 models are carried out on 6 main influential factors. The results show that improving thermal behavior of building envelope, adopting flexible sunshade schemes in different seasons, using even and simple building configuration and adopting different window-wall ratios for windows with different orientation are effective ways to decrease the energy consumption of buildings. The thermal design recommendations for steel residential buildings are also produced.

scholarly journals PREFABRICATED TIMBER PANELS APPLICATION POSSIBILITIES FOR THE ENERGY REFURBISHMENT OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS ENVELOPE IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA AND SLOVENIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darija Gajić ◽  
Anna Sandak ◽  
Slobodan Peulić ◽  
Črtomir Tavzes ◽  
Tim Mavrič
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Residential Building Stock

System of prefabricated modules installed on the existing building envelope is one alternativesolution for deep energy refurbishment of buildings in the European Union. It allows thermalupgrade installation of new parts in the HVAC system. Moreover, some elements of the envelopecan be made of renewable materials. This research compares the residential building stock andidentifies potential types of buildings for energy refurbishment in Bosnia and Herzegovina andSlovenia. It presents refurbishment possibilities of existing residential building stock in bothcountries with prefabricated timber panels. It also presents potential obstacles to the widerapplication of this refurbishment solution.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Environmental Performance of Residential Building Envelope Components

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serik Tokbolat ◽  
Farnush Nazipov ◽  
Jong R. Kim ◽  
Ferhat Karaca
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Comfort Levels ◽  
The Impact

The role of buildings in the context of addressing the consequences of climate change and the energy deficit is becoming increasingly important due to their share in the overall amount of green house gas (GHG) emissions and rapidly growing domestic energy consumption worldwide. Adherence to a sustainability agenda requires ever-increasing attention to all stages of a building′s life, as such approach allows for the consideration of environmental impacts of a building, from design, through construction stages, until the final phase of a building′s life—demolition. A life cycle assessment (LCA) is one of the most recognized and adopted models for the evaluation of the environmental performance of materials and processes. This paper aims to perform an LCA of four different types of residential buildings in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. The assessment primarily considered embodied energy and GHG emissions as key assessment indicators. Findings suggest that the operational stage contributed to more than half of the GHG emissions in all the cases. The results of the study indicate that there is a dependence between the comfort levels and the impact of the buildings on the environment. The higher the comfort levels, the higher the impacts in terms of the CO2 equivalent. This conclusion is most likely to be related to the fact that the higher the comfort level, the higher the environmental cost of the materials. A similar correlation can be observed in the case of comparing building comfort levels and life-cycle impacts per user. There are fewer occupants per square meter as the comfort level increases. Furthermore, the obtained results suggest potential ways of reducing the overall environmental impact of the building envelope components.

Study on Energy-Saving Renovation of Existing Heating Masonry-Concrete Residential Buildings

2011 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Guo ◽  
Min Fang Su ◽  
Xiao Jun Jin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Consumption Situation ◽  
Current Energy

Based on the current energy consumption situation of existing masonry-concrete residential buildings in China, it discussed the main energy-saving renovation policies and technologies. Taking existing masonry-concrete residential building of Taiyuan city as a case, it analyzed its heat loss situations, energy-saving renovation design and reconstruction technologies of building envelope. It discussed energy-saving renovation effects. Energy efficiency and indoor thermal environment improved significantly after energy-saving renovation. The building life is extended.

Green Retrofit Energy Efficiency Potential on Existing Building Envelope for Residential and Non-Residential Building

2021 ◽  
pp. 1227-1257
Author(s):  
Robert Staiger
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Efficiency Potential

The chapter deals with the green energetic consideration of today's building envelopes for residential and non-residential buildings. It investigates the energetic effects the envelopes have on energy efficiency, energy consumption, material use, sustainable use of resources, lifetime considerations, economic and ecological impact. Today's it is estimated that approximately 30% of the annual primary energy demand for residential and non-residential buildings is needed. Energy resources for heat, electricity, air conditioning and cooling purposes, fossil fuels in form of gas and liquid are predominantly used.

Energy-Saving Test and Analysis of a Steel Residential Building in Cold Regions of China

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 6938-6941
Author(s):  
Xiao Tong Peng ◽  
Chen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Actual Energy Consumption ◽  
Site Test ◽  
Heat Bridge

An on-site test on envelope of a typical steel residential building in cold region is performed. The testing results provide evaluation bases for the energy-saving effects of the steel residential building. In order to evaluate the main factors that influence energy dissipation of the building and estimate the main energy dissipation positions, the heat transfer coefficient K of envelope and its actual energy consumption are calculated based on the testing data. The results indicate that the building envelope has good heat storage property and it could keep indoor thermal stability; the steel frames and windows have heat bridge effects. Through calculations of the energy consumption of envelope, it is showed that the tested building only meet the requirement of energy saving by 50%, instead of 65%; the external walls and windows are main energy dissipation parts. Finally the thermal design recommendations about steel residential buildings are proposed.

Research of Low-Energy Consumption Technology about Residential Buildings in Inner Mongolia Cold Area

2014 ◽  
Vol 1065-1069 ◽  
pp. 2191-2194
Author(s):  
Guo Hui Jin ◽  
Huai Zhu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Cold Area

In this paper, combined with the climate characteristics of cold area of Inner Mongolia unique and abundant solar energy resources, In view of the residential building envelope system for low energy technology research, Finally it is concluded that is suitable for cold area of Inner Mongolia of low-energy consumption technology, Hope can be in Inner Mongolia cold area residential building energy efficiency design to provide the reference value.

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