scholarly journals Radionuclide Transfer in the Zirconium Oxychloride Production Process and the Radiation Effect in a Typical Chinese Enterprise

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 5906
Author(s):  
Shoulong Xu ◽  
Qifan Wu ◽  
Xiaogang Li ◽  
Feng Yuan ◽  
Liangying Tu
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Effect ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Zirconium Oxychloride ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Zircon Sand

The radiation impact on the environment from naturally-occurring radioactive materials in zircon sand is an important issue for zirconium product manufacturing enterprises. In this paper, a typical oxychloride production enterprise has been taken as an example to study the radiation effect and environmental pollution during the whole production process. The transfer and enrichment of radionuclides in zircon sand was studied by analyzing their concentrations in samples, such as products and wastes, which were sampled from every studied workshop, so that the dose rate in the environment and typical facility surfaces of each workshop could be measured. The study results show that the transfer and enrichment of radionuclides occur mainly in workshops of acidification, dissolution, concentration and crystallization. Silicon slag adsorbed some radionuclides, but most of the radionuclides in raw materials are transferred and enriched in waste acid by the concentration and crystallization process. Sludge and wastewater still contain a large quantity of radionuclides after treatment by wastewater treatment plants. This results in a significant increase in U-238 and Th-232 concentrations in river water near the main outlet. The average effective dose of all employees in the studied enterprises was 0.94 mSv, and workers from the wastewater treatment plants had the largest annual effective dose at 11 mSv.

scholarly journals EMISSIONS MONITORING OF HEAVY METALS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS RESULTED FROM COMBUSTION PROCESSES IN CLINKER KILNS IN ROMANIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
CRISTIAN CIOBANU ◽  
GHEORGHE VOICU ◽  
MAGDALENA – LAURA TOMA ◽  
PAULA TUDOR
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Plant ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Waste Oils ◽  
Industrial Sources ◽  
Combustion Processes

<p>With the dust arising from the clinker kilns and grill coolers (the major pollution sources in a cement plant), also heavy metals and their compounds (in the form of powders and vaporous), originating from fuels and raw materials, are pumped into the air. The paper presents some aspects regarding the monitoring of heavy metals contained in the combustion gases from a Romanian cement factory. The fuels used in the incinerator varied from coal/petroleum coke, refuse oils (from waste oils and their emulsions, up to sludge, paraffin, tars, contaminated soil), rubber (including whole used tires), plastic, paper, leather, textiles, wood (including sawdust), as such or impregnated/contaminated with various substances from industrial sources or sorted household wastes, sludge (previously dried) from wastewater treatment plants. In addition, the list of over 100 types of waste that can be co-processed can be found in integrated authorizations of cement plants. However, the level of heavy metals in the combustion gases was in allowed limits.</p>

scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Simplified Quality Model Performance

10.29007/71p3 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Feng ◽  
Congcong Sun ◽  
Gabriela Cembrano ◽  
Vicenç Puig
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Sewer Network ◽  
Study Results

During the last few years, the integrated real-time control (RTC) of both the urban sewer network and the wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), has attracted increasingly attention. In order to apply integrated RTC control approach efficiently considering both the hydraulic and quality variables, models, simplified conceptual quality modelling approaches are required. This paper presents research work based on simplified water quality models in sewers, which have been developed in the European project LIFE EFFIDRAIN (Efficient Integrated Real-time Control in Urban Drainage and Wastewater Treatment Plants for Environmental Protection). The contribution of this paper is to analyze the potential factors that would influence the performance of the proposed modelling approach and consequently the corresponding integrated RTC control. A real sewer pilot the Perinot sewer network has been used as case study. Results and conclusions have been provided which would be useful for the users of these models.

scholarly journals EMISSIONS MONITORING OF HEAVY METALS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS RESULTED FROM COMBUSTION PROCESSES IN CLINKER KILNS IN ROMANIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
CRISTIAN CIOBANU ◽  
GHEORGHE VOICU ◽  
MAGDALENA – LAURA TOMA ◽  
PAULA TUDOR
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Plant ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Waste Oils ◽  
Industrial Sources ◽  
Combustion Processes

With the dust arising from the clinker kilns and grill coolers (the major pollution sources in a cement plant), also heavy metals and their compounds (in the form of powders and vaporous), originating from fuels and raw materials, are pumped into the air. The paper presents some aspects regarding the monitoring of heavy metals contained in the combustion gases from a Romanian cement factory. The fuels used in the incinerator varied from coal/petroleum coke, refuse oils (from waste oils and their emulsions, up to sludge, paraffin, tars, contaminated soil), rubber (including whole used tires), plastic, paper, leather, textiles, wood (including sawdust), as such or impregnated/contaminated with various substances from industrial sources or sorted household wastes, sludge (previously dried) from wastewater treatment plants. In addition, the list of over 100 types of waste that can be co-processed can be found in integrated authorizations of cement plants. However, the level of heavy metals in the combustion gases was in allowed limits.

scholarly journals Historia da evolução da regulamentação de proteção ambiental relativa à gestão de efluentes e resíduos nas ultimas décadas

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 442-454
Author(s):  
Antonio Jose Duque Pirra
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Technical Process ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
The Eu

Resumo Neste trabalho faz-se uma análise da Historia da evolução da regulamentação de proteção ambiental relativa à gestão de efluentes e resíduos vitivinícolas nas ultimas 3 décadas (após a adesão de Portugal à então CEE). Há já alguns séculos que se percebeu a importância da preservação da fauna e da flora do meio ambiente para a nossa sobrevivência e para a manutenção do planeta terra em condições de permitir a sobrevivência das gerações vindouras (desenvolvimento sustentável, hoje em dia falamos de economia circular). Contudo, nos países industrializados da europa, a regulamentação ocorreu principalmente nas últimas 3-4 décadas, integrando de maneira crescente a preocupação ambiental, e evoluindo gradualmente de uma mera preocupação com o processo técnico de tratamento de efluentes e resíduos, para uma perspetiva mais global de economia sustentável. De forma lógica, a preocupação dos legisladores começou primeiro pelo despejo de efluentes e resíduos industrias perigosos/tóxicos, estendendo-se progressivamente aos restantes resíduos e efluentes humanos, agroindústrias e agrícolas. É normalmente a legislação da união europeia que serve de barómetro, sendo transposta à posteriori e regularmente (algumas vezes alguns anos depois) para a legislação dos diversos países membros, nas mais diversas áreas. Esta legislação aborda frequentemente a fileira completa da matéria prima, aos produtos e efluentes, incluindo a gestão dos resíduos, a reutilização dos materiais, a proteção das águas, as condições de utilização das lamas de ETARs e a luta contra a poluição por nitratos. Estas Diretivas da UE são, pois, a base dos textos que cada um dos estados membros deverão transpor em devido tempo. Palavras-chave: Legislação; adega, ambiente; historia da ciência, Portugal Abstract In this article we analyse the history and the evolution of the environmental protection regulations related to the Winery effluents and wastes management in the last 3 decades (after Portugal's accession to the EEC).For some centuries we have realized the importance of preserving the environmental fauna and flora for our survival and for maintaining f the planet earth in good conditions to allow the survival of future generations (sustainable development, nowadays we speak in circular economy).However, in industrialized European countries, regulation has occurred mainly in the last 3-4 decades, increasingly integrating environmental concerns, and gradually evolving from a mere concern with the technical process of wastewater treatment to a more global perspective of sustainable economy. Understandably, the concern of legislators first began by management of effluents and wastes from hazardous/toxic industries, progressively extending to others such as human, agro-industrial and agricultural wastes.Usually the legislation from the European Union serves as a guide, being transposed posteriorly and regularly (sometimes a few years later) into the legislation of the several countries members of the EU, in the most diverse areas. This legislation often comprises the full range of the area, from raw materials, products and effluents, including waste management, reuse of materials, water protection, conditions for the use of sludge from wastewater treatment plants and the fight against nitrate pollution. These EU Directives are therefore the basis of the texts that each member state should have transpose as soon as they can. Keywords: Legislation; winery; environment; science history; Portugal

scholarly journals EMISSIONS MONITORING OF HEAVY METALS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS RESULTED FROM COMBUSTION PROCESSES IN CLINKER KILNS IN ROMANIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
CRISTIAN CIOBANU ◽  
GHEORGHE VOICU ◽  
MAGDALENA – LAURA TOMA ◽  
PAULA TUDOR
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Plant ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Waste Oils ◽  
Industrial Sources ◽  
Combustion Processes

With the dust arising from the clinker kilns and grill coolers (the major pollution sources in a cement plant), also heavy metals and their compounds (in the form of powders and vaporous), originating from fuels and raw materials, are pumped into the air. The paper presents some aspects regarding the monitoring of heavy metals contained in the combustion gases from a Romanian cement factory. The fuels used in the incinerator varied from coal/petroleum coke, refuse oils (from waste oils and their emulsions, up to sludge, paraffin, tars, contaminated soil), rubber (including whole used tires), plastic, paper, leather, textiles, wood (including sawdust), as such or impregnated/contaminated with various substances from industrial sources or sorted household wastes, sludge (previously dried) from wastewater treatment plants. In addition, the list of over 100 types of waste that can be co-processed can be found in integrated authorizations of cement plants. However, the level of heavy metals in the combustion gases was in allowed limits.

scholarly journals Towards the Implementation of Circular Economy in the Wastewater Sector: Challenges and Opportunities

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Guerra-Rodríguez ◽  
Paula Oulego ◽  
Encarnación Rodríguez ◽  
Devendra Narain Singh ◽  
Jorge Rodríguez-Chueca
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Human Lifespan ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

The advancement of science has facilitated increase in the human lifespan, reflected in economic and population growth, which unfortunately leads to increased exploitation of resources. This situation entails not only depletion of resources, but also increases environmental pollution, mainly due to atmospheric emissions, wastewater effluents, and solid wastes. In this scenario, it is compulsory to adopt a paradigm change, as far as the consumption of resources by the population is concerned, to achieve a circular economy. The recovery and reuse of resources are key points, leading to a decrease in the consumption of raw materials, waste reduction, and improvement of energy efficiency. This is the reason why the concept of the circular economy can be applied in any industrial activity, including the wastewater treatment sector. With this in view, this review manuscript focuses on demonstrating the challenges and opportunities in applying a circular economy in the water sector. For example, reclamation and reuse of wastewater to increase water resources, by paying particular attention to the risks for human health, recovery of nutrients, or highly added-value products (e.g., metals and biomolecules among others), valorisation of sewage sludge, and/or recovery of energy. Being aware of this situation, in the European, Union 18 out of 27 countries are already reusing reclaimed wastewater at some level. Moreover, many wastewater treatment plants have reached energy self-sufficiency, producing up to 150% of their energy requirements. Unfortunately, many of the opportunities presented in this work are far from becoming a reality. Still, the first step is always to become aware of the problem and work on optimizing the solution to make it possible.

Heavy Metals in Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludges in the Czech Republic

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 429-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sedláček ◽  
T. Just
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Since 1987 operators of municipal wastewater treatment plants, having the population equivalent over 5 000, monitor systematically heavy metals in sludges, based on one or two samplings on the average annually. Generally, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn are monitored: since 1989 Hg is becoming the centre of systematic attention. Occasional data are available on concentrated Ag, Co, As and Mo. These data were collected and ordered by the authors of the paper. On their basis lines of exceedance were plotted and sets were prepared, characterizing both localities with the common level of the sludge contamination, and with the extremely low contamination level reflecting the condition that could be achieved if measures limiting the heavy metal input into public sewerage systems were adopted. The results achieved were compared with heavy metal concentration limits, as determined in the Industrial composts standard, both for raw materials used for the compost production, and for composts of Ist and IInd grades. With a view to the general environmental contamination, and considering the present economic and agricultural use, the input raw materials should meet the demands that are required under the standard for the prepared composts.

Characterization and Quantification of Methane Emissions from Waste in the UK

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
semra Bakkaloglu ◽  
David Lowry ◽  
Rebecca Fisher ◽  
James France ◽  
Mathias Lanoiselle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Isotopic Characterization ◽  
The Uk

&lt;p&gt;Mitigation of climate change is a key scientific and societal challenge. CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emissions are a major contributor to global warming impact and these are not well quantified yet. There are significant discrepancies between official inventories of emissions and estimates derived from direct atmospheric measurement. Effective emission reduction can only be achieved if sources are properly quantified, and mitigation efforts are verified.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; from waste is dominantly of biogenic origin and its levels can vary with temperature and production process, which results in variation of emissions with time of day and time of year. Selected waste streams are now commonly sent to biogas plants, where the waste is digested to produce methane, which may be utilised directly, or combusted to provide power. Different waste streams, such as maize stubble or paper products, are characterized by distinct &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C-CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; signatures. &amp;#160;Emissions from each stage of the biogas production process can be identified by analysing the methane isotopic composition.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study focuses on identification and quantification of CH&lt;sub&gt;4 &lt;/sub&gt;emissions from waste sources in the UK from 2018-2020 using laser-based mobile surveys downwind of landfills, biogas plants and wastewater treatment plants. Air samples were collected and analysed for isotopic characterization using high precision Gas Chromatography Isotopic Ratio Mass Spectrometry. Survey data were used to map concentration excess over background, identify isotopic composition and estimate fugitive emissions from selected sources.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Average carbon isotopic signatures for new data on methane sources in the UK are -53 &amp;#8240; for wastewater treatment plants and -55 &amp;#8240; for biogas plants. CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emissions range from 6.2 to 50 g/h depending on size and operating conditions of plants. Also, isotopic signature of methane emission from active sites in the landfill are in the range -60 to -58 &amp;#8240; with 2 - 10% oxidation rate, which is characteristically more depleted than closed sites.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance in Wastewater Treatment Plants and Transmission Risks for Employees and Residents: The Concept of the AWARE Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Wengenroth ◽  
Fanny Berglund ◽  
Hetty Blaak ◽  
Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc ◽  
Carl-Fredrik Flach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Study Results

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotic resistance has become a serious global health threat. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) may become unintentional collection points for bacteria resistant to antimicrobials. Little is known about the transmission of antibiotic resistance from wastewater treatment plants to humans, most importantly to WWTP workers and residents living in the vicinity. We aim to deliver precise information about the methods used in the AWARE (Antibiotic Resistance in Wastewater: Transmission Risks for Employees and Residents around Waste Water Treatment Plants) study.Methods/DesignWithin the AWARE study, we gather data on the prevalence of two antibiotic resistance phenotypes, ESBL-producing E.coli (ESBL-EC) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) as well as on their corresponding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) isolated from air, water, and sewage samples taken from inside and outside of different WWTPs in Germany, Netherlands and Romania. Additionally, we analyse stool samples of WWTP workers, nearby residents and members of a comparison group living ≥1,000 m away from the closest WWTP.DiscussionThe study results will enable the assessment of the potential health impact of exposure to ESBL-EC, CPE and ARGs in and around WWTPs. Quantifying the contribution of different wastewater treatment processes to the ESBL-EC, CPE and ARGs removal efficiency will provide us with evidence-based support for possible mitigation strategies.

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