scholarly journals Implementation of Simple Strategies to Improve Wellfield Management in Arid Regions: The Case Study of Wadi Al Arab Wellfield, Jordan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 5903
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alqadi ◽  
Armin Margane ◽  
Marwan Al Raggad ◽  
HE Ali Subah ◽  
Markus Disse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Monitoring Strategy ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Support Tool

Groundwater is the main source of drinking water supply in Jordan. Over the past 30 years, many wellfields have been drilled and expanded to cover increasing drinking water demand caused by natural population growth, development of life standards and as a result of the influx of refugees to Jordan. In particular, northern Jordan groundwater resources have been severely depleted. Therefore, water suppliers and utilities have been increasingly challenged to meet water demand and deliver water of adequate quality and quantity to households in a timely manner. Meeting these objectives requires good data management, proper maintenance of groundwater wells, and effective wellfield management plans. We developed a novel monitoring strategy that allows the collection of relevant data for wellfield managers (e.g., yield, static and dynamic water level, as well as energy consumption). The new monitoring system, implemented in 2017, has greatly enhanced data availability in comparison to the situation between 2012 and 2016. The data are used in an operational decision support tool based on simple interpretation of the field observations. The implementation of the project was done using both bottom-up and top-down approaches for the Wadi Al Arab wellfield. Our results evidence that (i) simple strategies can lead to a significant improvement of wellfield management, reducing the maintenance time of the wells though appropriate monitoring (from an average of four days/maintenance/well in 2012 to less than one day/maintenance/well in 2017); (ii) the joint combination of bottom-up and top-down approaches leads to an effective implementation of the monitoring system; (iii) the simplicity of the proposed monitoring strategy makes it suitable for further implementation in other wellfields in Jordan and countries in a similar situation of both data and water scarcity.

scholarly journals District Drinking Water Planning for Sustainability in Maharashtra: Between Local and Global Scales

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8288
Author(s):  
James L. Wescoat, Jr. ◽  
Jonnalagadda V. R. Murty
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Water Planning ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Operations And Maintenance ◽  
Planning Methods

Sustainable rural drinking water is a widespread aim in India, and globally, from the household to district, state, and national scales. Sustainability issues in the rural drinking water sector range from increasing water demand to declining groundwater levels, premature deterioration of village schemes and services, inadequate revenues for operations and maintenance, weak capacity of water operators, frequently changing state and national policies, and destabilizing effects of climate change. This paper focuses on the special role of district-scale drinking water planning, which operates at the intersection between bottom-up water demand and top-down water programs. After surveying the challenges associated with bottom-up and top-down planning approaches, we present recent efforts to strengthen district and block drinking water planning in the state of Maharashtra. A combination of district interviews, institutional history, village surveys, GIS visualization, and planning workshops were used to advance district planning goals and methods. Results assess bottom-up processes of water demand; top-down water programs and finance; and intermediate-level planning at the district and block scales. Discussion focuses on potential improvements in district planning methods in Maharashtra.

Utilizing analytic hierarchy process for improved decision making within supply chains

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Sameer Kumar ◽  
John Bisson
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Supplier Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Device Manufacturer ◽  
Hierarchy Process

With a growing global economy and competition and increased outsourcing, the supplier selection process has gained more focus and importance within many business enterprises for developing an integrated supply network. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been identified as an ideal multi-objective decision support tool to assist firms in completing the supplier selection process as part of strengthening their procurement strategies. This paper involved secondary research methods to gain an understanding of AHP, its various applications, and exploration of how to incorporate non-traditional selection criteria such as environmental criterion into the process. AHP's application for optimal supplier selection to support integrated procurement process is illustrated through an example of a Medical Device Manufacturer (MDM), known for established supplier-customer partnerships and alliances. Major limitation in studying this example included data availability to complete a comprehensive AHP decision management model. However, it was found that AHP is a powerful, structured but flexible method of addressing the multi-criteria supplier selection decision that facilitates building an integrated supply chain.

scholarly journals Soil Erosion Estimation Using Remote Sensing Techniques in Wadi Yalamlam Basin, Saudi Arabia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarbou A. Bahrawi ◽  
Mohamed Elhag ◽  
Amal Y. Aldhebiani ◽  
Hanaa K. Galal ◽  
Ahmad K. Hegazy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Soil Erosion Risk ◽  
Key Aspects

Soil erosion is one of the major environmental problems in terms of soil degradation in Saudi Arabia. Soil erosion leads to significant on- and off-site impacts such as significant decrease in the productive capacity of the land and sedimentation. The key aspects influencing the quantity of soil erosion mainly rely on the vegetation cover, topography, soil type, and climate. This research studies the quantification of soil erosion under different levels of data availability in Wadi Yalamlam. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques have been implemented for the assessment of the data, applying the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) for the calculation of the risk of erosion. Thirty-four soil samples were randomly selected for the calculation of the erodibility factor, based on calculating theK-factor values derived from soil property surfaces after interpolating soil sampling points. Soil erosion risk map was reclassified into five erosion risk classes and 19.3% of the Wadi Yalamlam is under very severe risk (37,740 ha). GIS and RS proved to be powerful instruments for mapping soil erosion risk, providing sufficient tools for the analytical part of this research. The mapping results certified the role of RUSLE as a decision support tool.

scholarly journals A bottom-up approach of stochastic demand allocation in water quality modelling

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. M. Blokker ◽  
J. H. G. Vreeburg ◽  
H. Beverloo ◽  
M. Klein Arfman ◽  
J. C. van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution System ◽  
Travel Times ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Demand Patterns

Abstract. An "all pipes" hydraulic model of a drinking water distribution system was constructed with two types of demand allocations. One is constructed with the conventional top-down approach, i.e. a demand multiplier pattern from the booster station is allocated to all demand nodes with a correction factor to account for the average water demand on that node. The other is constructed with a bottom-up approach of demand allocation, i.e., each individual home is represented by one demand node with its own stochastic water demand pattern. This was done for a drinking water distribution system of approximately 10 km of mains and serving ca. 1000 homes. The system was tested in a real life situation. The stochastic water demand patterns were constructed with the end-use model SIMDEUM on a per second basis and per individual home. Before applying the demand patterns in a network model, some temporal aggregation was done. The flow entering the test area was measured and a tracer test with sodium chloride was performed to determine travel times. The two models were validated on the total sum of demands and on travel times. The study showed that the bottom-up approach leads to realistic water demand patterns and travel times, without the need for any flow measurements or calibration. In the periphery of the drinking water distribution system it is not possible to calibrate models on pressure, because head losses are too low. The study shows that in the periphery it is also difficult to calibrate on water quality (e.g. with tracer measurements), as a consequence of the high variability between days. The stochastic approach of hydraulic modelling gives insight into the variability of travel times as an added feature beyond the conventional way of modelling.

scholarly journals A bottom-up approach of stochastic demand allocation in water quality modelling

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
E. J. M. Blokker ◽  
J. H. G. Vreeburg ◽  
H. Beverloo ◽  
M. Klein Arfman ◽  
J. C. van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Test Area ◽  
Travel Times ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Demand Node ◽  
Demand Allocation

Abstract. An "all pipes" hydraulic model of a DMA-sized drinking water distribution system was constructed with two types of demand allocations. One is constructed with the conventional top-down approach, i.e. a demand multiplier pattern from the booster station is allocated to all demand nodes with a correction factor to account for the average water demand on that node. The other is constructed with a bottom-up approach of demand allocation, i.e., each individual home is represented by one demand node with its own stochastic water demand pattern. The stochastic water demand patterns are constructed with an end-use model on a per second basis and per individual home. The flow entering the test area was measured and a tracer test with sodium chloride was performed to measure travel times. The two models were evaluated on the predicted sum of demands and travel times, compared with what was measured in the test area. The new bottom-up approach performs at least as well as the conventional top-down approach with respect to total demand and travel times, without the need for any flow measurements or calibration measurements. The bottom-up approach leads to a stochastic method of hydraulic modelling and gives insight into the variability of travel times as an added feature beyond the conventional way of modelling.

scholarly journals Toward an Operational Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions Monitoring and Verification Support Capacity

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. E1439-E1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Janssens-Maenhout ◽  
B. Pinty ◽  
M. Dowell ◽  
H. Zunker ◽  
E. Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Anthropogenic Co2 ◽  
Operational Capacity

Abstract Under the Paris Agreement (PA), progress of emission reduction efforts is tracked on the basis of regular updates to national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories, referred to as bottom-up estimates. However, only top-down atmospheric measurements can provide observation-based evidence of emission trends. Today, there is no internationally agreed, operational capacity to monitor anthropogenic GHG emission trends using atmospheric measurements to complement national bottom-up inventories. The European Commission (EC), the European Space Agency, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, and international experts are joining forces to develop such an operational capacity for monitoring anthropogenic CO2 emissions as a new CO2 service under the EC’s Copernicus program. Design studies have been used to translate identified needs into defined requirements and functionalities of this anthropogenic CO2 emissions Monitoring and Verification Support (CO2MVS) capacity. It adopts a holistic view and includes components such as atmospheric spaceborne and in situ measurements, bottom-up CO2 emission maps, improved modeling of the carbon cycle, an operational data-assimilation system integrating top-down and bottom-up information, and a policy-relevant decision support tool. The CO2MVS capacity with operational capabilities by 2026 is expected to visualize regular updates of global CO2 emissions, likely at 0.05° x 0.05°. This will complement the PA’s enhanced transparency framework, providing actionable information on anthropogenic CO2 emissions that are the main driver of climate change. This information will be available to all stakeholders, including governments and citizens, allowing them to reflect on trends and effectiveness of reduction measures. The new EC gave the green light to pass the CO2MVS from exploratory to implementing phase.

scholarly journals An Innovative Tool for the Management of the Surface Drinking Water Resources at European Level: GOWARE—Transnational Guide Towards an Optimal WAter REgime

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Rizzo ◽  
Primoz Banovec ◽  
Ajda Cilenšek ◽  
Guido Rianna ◽  
Monia Santini
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Drinking Water Resources ◽  
Innovative Tool

GOWARE (transnational Guide toward an Optimal WAter REgime) represents a Decision Support Tool (DST) developed to support the implementation of innovative Best Management Practices (BMPs) for drinking water protection and flood/drought risk mitigation. The tool is one of the main outputs of the PROLINE-CE Project, an EU project funded within the Interreg Central Europe (CE) Programme (2014–2020). The aim of this paper is illustrating the design and the methodological approaches proposed for the operative development of the tool. Furthermore, the paper provides the results of a number of tests carried out to evaluate the understandability of the analysis’s processes and assessing the stakeholders’ acceptance. Specifically, GOWARE-DST has been developed for supporting single users or groups of users in the decision-making process. The tool has been provided with a catalogue of 92 BMPs to handle water issues in different land use contexts. The selection of practices suitable for addressing the specific user’s requirements is supported by the Analytic Hierarchy Process, a method that allows filtering a subset of BMPs by accounting for the relative importance that the user assigns to each characterizing criterion. GOWARE-DST represents an innovative tool for supporting users at different levels of planning (operational and strategic) by promoting sustainable land and water management and defining long-term governance activities.

scholarly journals Comparison of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Procedures for Water Demand Reconstruction

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Fiorillo ◽  
Enrico Creaco ◽  
Francesco De Paola ◽  
Maurizio Giugni
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Shift Parameter ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
Cross Correlations ◽  
Two Phases

This paper presents a comparison between two procedures for the generation of water demand time series at both single user and nodal scales, a top-down and a bottom-up procedure respectively. Both procedures are made up of two phases. The top-down procedure adopted includes a non-parametric disaggregation based on the K-nearest neighbours approach. Therefore, once the temporal aggregated water demand patterns have been defined (first phase), the disaggregation is used to generate water demand time series at lower levels of spatial aggregation (second phase). In the bottom-up procedure adopted, demand time series for each user and for each time step are generated applying a beta probability distribution with tunable bounds or a gamma distribution with shift parameter (first phase). Then, a Copula based re-sort is applied to the demand time series generated to impose existing rank cross-correlations between users and at all temporal lags (second phase). For the sake of comparison, two case studies were considered, both of which are related to a smart water network in Naples (Italy). The results obtained show that the bottom-up procedure performs significantly better than the top-down procedure in terms of rank-cross correlations at fine scale. However, the top-down procedure showed a better performance in terms of skewness and rank cross-correlation when the aggregated demands were considered. Finally, the level of aggregation in nodes was found to affect the performance of both the procedures considered.

A decision support tool for technical processes optimization in drinking water treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (22-24) ◽  
pp. 4079-4088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouchra Lamrini ◽  
El Khadir Lakhal ◽  
Marie Véronique Le Lann
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Support Tool
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