scholarly journals Feed Intake of Small Ruminants on Spring and Summer Pastures in the Mongolian Altai Mountains

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5759
Author(s):  
Munkhnasan Tsevegemed ◽  
Togtokhbayar Norovsambuu ◽  
Greta Jordan ◽  
Eva Schlecht
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Mongolian Altai ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Herd Mobility ◽  
Grazing Behaviour

Climate variability, rising livestock numbers, decreasing herd mobility, and clustered grazing patterns have incited concern about the sustainable use of Mongolia’s natural pastures as the nutritional backbone of the country’s livestock sector. In 2013 and 2014 we studied daily itineraries, grazing behaviour, and feed and nutrient intake of small ruminants on spring and summer pastures in the southern Mongolian Altai, a remote livestock-dependent region. Offer of herbage dry matter (DM, kg ha−1) along the daily itinerary was higher in 2014 than in 2013 (837 versus 711; p > 0.05) but was comparable to previously reported values. Concentration of cell wall constituents in herbage increased from June to August in both years, whereas crude protein and phosphorus concentrations declined (p < 0.05). Animals grazed most actively at noon and in the afternoon; their daily DM intake amounted to 1151 ± 300.8 g per head, with 60–72% of the ingested feed being digested. Feed intake enabled the animals to cover their nutritional requirements for maintenance, locomotion, and sizeable growth, rebutting the notion of unsustainable use of the regional spring and summer pastures. However, crude protein and phosphorus intake were deficient, pointing to a decline in vegetation quality that has to be counteracted with appropriate herd and pasture management strategies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the availability of mass of forage: morphological responses and chemical composition of Tanzania grass subjected to two pasture-management strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Gabriel Camilo ◽  
Alberto Magno Fernandes ◽  
Tadeu Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Danielle Ferreira Baffa ◽  
Sarah Ellen Eduardo Bernardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Sward Height

The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphogenetic traits and chemical composition of Tanzania grass using a fixed rest period or according to light interception at 95%. The treatments consisted of evaluations of two Tanzania-grass pasture-management strategies: (1) LI95 - animals entered the paddocks when the pasture reached 95% of light interception (LI), with three days of paddock occupation; and (2) FR - the pasture was managed with a defoliation interval (DI) of 30 days, and three days of paddock occupation. The experimental area consisted of 4 ha, with 22 paddocks per treatments. Ten recently-calved cows were used per treatment in year 1, and eight cows were used per treatment in year 2. Sward height, forage mass, and morphological components and their chemical composition were evaluated. The management strategies used on the Tanzania grass pasture did not affect pasture mass or height in the pre- and post-grazing conditions, or the proportion of stems. However, the proportion of leaves was greater in the paddocks with 95% light interception. The crude protein content was higher in the paddocks with 95% light interception; the other nutrients were not affected. In conclusion, management adopting 95% light interception does not influence morphogenetic traits. Nevertheless, it promotes an increase in the crude protein content of grasses.

Addressing on-farm management to enhance pasture productivity and persistence

2013 ◽  
pp. 241-244
Author(s):  
W.N. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
The North ◽  
The Cost ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Attention To Detail

Following the 2007/08 drought, we experienced poor pasture production and persistence on our dairy farm in north Waikato, leading to decreased milksolids production and a greater reliance on bought-in feed. It is estimated that the cost of this to our farming operation was about $1300 per hectare per year in lost operating profit. While climate and black beetle were factors, they did not explain everything, and other factors were also involved. In the last 3 years we have changed our management strategies to better withstand dry summers, the catalyst for which was becoming the DairyNZ Pasture Improvement Focus Farm for the north Waikato. The major changes we made were to reduce stocking rate, actively manage pastures in summer to reduce over-grazing, and pay more attention to detail in our pasture renewal programme. To date the result has been a reduced need for pasture renewal, a lift in whole farm performance and increased profitability. Keywords: Focus farm, over-grazing, pasture management, pasture persistence, profitability

scholarly journals Farmers’ and Herders’ Perceptions on Rangeland Management in Two Agroecological Zones of Benin

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Rodrigue Vivien Cao Diogo ◽  
Luc Hippolyte Dossa ◽  
Sèyi Fridaïus Ulrich Vanvanhossou ◽  
Badirou Dine Abdoulaye ◽  
Kossi Hélliot Dosseh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Rangeland Management ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
The North ◽  
Unused Land ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
Sound Management

The sustainable use of rangelands in pastoral areas requires the inclusion of all stakeholders to develop sound management strategies. However, the role of these actors in the sustainable management of natural resources is still poorly understood. The present study aims to (i) assess the perception of farmers and herders of the risks and opportunities of transhumance on rangeland resource use and management, and to (ii) generate useful knowledge for the design and implementation of policies that favor the coexistence of these actors and reduce competition over rangeland resources use in Benin. To this end, interviews were conducted with 240 crop farmers and herders using a semi-structured questionnaire in two contrasting agroecological zones in the northern (Kandi) and the southern (Kétou) part of the country. Among the respondents, 64% of farmers in the North were agro-pastoralists (owning 10.6 ha of land and 10.7 cattle) and 36% were herders (keeping 45.8 cattle and cultivating about 3.7 ha of land). They perceived that communal rangelands were entirely degraded. In the South, 36% of respondents were agro-pastoralists (with 0.3 cattle and farming 4 ha of land) and 64% cattle herders (raising 45.3 cattle and farming 0.9 ha of land only). Of the herders, 50% kept cattle for more than 20 years, while agro-pastoralists had no previous experience in cattle herding. Cultivation practices among crop farmers, such as high use of mineral fertilization (23.8%) and bush fires for land clearing (22.5%), were reported in Kandi (North) and Kétou (South) as factors that might contribute to land degradation. However, these farmers perceived transhumance as a threat to the sustainable use of natural resources. In contrast, herders perceived transhumance as an opportunity to valorize unused land and increase the availability of manure to cropland. The prevalent negative attitude of crop farmers regarding transhumant herders increases the vulnerability of cattle herding in both regions. There is an urgent need of raising awareness concerning the mutual benefits provided by the coexistence of crop farmers with herders to promote participative rangeland management strategies. This may contribute towards coping with the current challenges of food insecurity and increasing climate variability as well as to reducing recurrent conflicts in the region.

scholarly journals Diversity of plant knowledge in a "Caiçara" community from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest coast

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Reis de Brito ◽  
Luci de Senna-Valle
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Plant Knowledge ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Number Of Publications

The number of publications about the Caiçaras population is growing, which shows that researchers are interested in these natives. This study aimed to survey the flora used by local specialists of the Praia do Sono Caiçara community, and recorded how these taxa were used, with the goal of understanding traditional management systems that help to conserve natural ecosystems. Twelve informants were selected and interviewed. The applied grouping analysis, together with the chi-squared test, underlined that the analysed ethnobotanical knowledge showed a heterogeneous distribution in relation to the gender of the interviewee. A total of 190 taxa were cited and were classified into nine usage categories. The Shannon-Wiener index (H') value obtained in this study was the second highest in comparison to other Brazilian coastal communities. This work showed that the local specialists of this Caiçara community maintain a wide knowledge of, and affinity to, the plant resources that surround them. This knowledge is not only important, but fundamental to discussions about the application of sustainable use and management strategies for this area of conservation value.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF EARLY WEANED PIGS TO FULL-FAT SOYBEAN DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH DIFFERENT ANIMAL PROTEIN SOURCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
A. O. FANIMO
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Large White ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Weaned Pig ◽  
Almost All

24 Large White X Landrace pigs weaned at 28 about 10% of the total feed is said to offer days with initial liveweight of 5.27±0.23 kg were valuable additional micro-nutrients such as fed four animal protein concentrates (fish meal However, almost all the fish (FM), Chicken offal meal (COM), fresh blood meal (FBM) and parboiled blood meal (PBM) diets based on full-fat soybean (FFSB) for 8 prices weeks to test different animal protein sources of protein and for early weaned pig. The diets contained 23% crude protein and 3100 Kcal ME/kg diet. Blood meal slightly reduced weight gain and feed intake but compared favourably with fish meal and chicken offal meal in efficiency of feed utilization. Parboiling of the blood slightly (P>0.05) depressed the performance of the pigs;even when the pigs had the same feed intake.. Fish meal increased (P<0.05) serum total protein and serum albumin levels.This study indicated that early weaned pigs fed soybean based diets supplemented with chicken offal meal and blood meal gave similar performance to those fed diet supplemented with fish meal.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF VARYING CONCENTRATE: GRASS HAY RATIOS ON FEED INTAKE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY BY GROWING WEST AFRICAN FOREST SHEEP

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
I. O. A. Adeleye ◽  
U. J. Ikhatua
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
West African ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Gross Energy

Twelve ram lambs of the West African Forest type of between 15.7 and 24.6 kg were divided into four groups of 3 animals each. A group was assigned to one of four diets consisting of the following concentrate: grass hay ratios - 20 : 80 (A), 40 : 60 (B), 60 : 40 (C) and 80 : 20 (D). Feed intake, nutrient digestibilities and efficiency of feed utilization were measured. As the level of concentrate increased, the contents of crude protein ether extract, nitrogen-free extract (NFE) and gross energy of the diets increased, while the crude fibre and ash contents decreased almost linearly. Voluntary feed intake increased with increasing levels of concentrate, with diet C having a significantly higher (P 0.01) Relative Intake (RI) value than the other diets. Both the Nutritive Value Index (NVI) and Digestible Energy (DE) intake values were significantly higher (P. 0.01) in diets C and D than the other diets. Generally, the digestion coefficients for the gross energy, crude protein, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract increased with increasing levels of concentrate, the values being significantly higher (P 0.01) in diets C and D, while diet A showed a significantly lower (P 0.05) dry matter digestion coefficient value when compared with either diets. Although a similar trend was observed in the digestion coefficient for ether extract, the differences were not significant (P 0.05). With the exception of animals on diet C which had the highest daily weight gains, average daily weight gains and efficiency of feed utilization increased with successive substitution of concentrate for grass hay.

scholarly journals Feed intake, nutrient utilisation and growth performance of West African dwarf rams fed silage combinations of maize forage and Mucuna pruriens foliage

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-365
Author(s):  
B. O. Alabi ◽  
T. O. Ososanya
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
West African ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation

Crude protein is essentially needed for ruminants but expensive to supply. Mucuna puriens is a high yielding domesticated legume. When the legume is strategically combined with a fibre source, it will make a good diet for ruminants. Thus, a study was carried out to assess the effect of ensiling mucuna with maize forage on performance of rams. In the study, rams were fed silage combinations of Maize Forage (MF) and Mucuna pruriens foliage (MPF). Downy mildew and streak resistant (DMR-SR) yellow variety maize was planted and harvested as MF at six weeks of growth and ensiled with MPF at four levels : 1:0, 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3 for 21 days. All the four silages were fed to 20 WAD rams (12.00±0.25 Kg) in a completely randomised design for 105 days. Proximate composition of the silages, apparent nutrient digestibility of silages in WAD rams, feed intake and weight changes were determined using standard procedures, while feed conversion ratio was computed using standard procedures. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05...The dry matter (DM) was significantly higher in T1 (25.65±0.62) and T2 (23.48±0.47) than T3 (21.80±0.41) and T4 (21.57±0.40). The crude protein (CP) was highest in T4 (13.0±0.6) and least in T1 (8.0±0.2). The crude fibre was significantly higher in T1 (26.4±2.6) and T2 (26.2±2.0) than T3 (24.0±1.8) and T4 (21.6±0.9). Apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was highest in T2 (59.2±1.7) and least in T4 (37.7±1.9), while percentage nitrogen retention was significantly higher in T2 (43.2±3.8) and lower in T1 (20.0±4.3). The FCR for rams fed T2 was significantly lower (8.84±1.2) than T1 (9.76±0.80), T3 (9.60 ±0.60) and T4 (11.50±0.90) Ensiling maize forage with Mucuna pruriens foliage at 3:1 enhanced nutrient digestibility and growth performance in West African dwarf rams without any deleterious effect.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Ransum dengan Kualitas Berbeda Terhadap Profil Darah, Produksi Susu dan Pertambahan Bobot Badan Sapi Perah

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqni Hanifa
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Hb Concentration

<div class="Section1"><p class="Style1"><em>An experiment was conducted to study blood profile, milk yield and </em><em>liveweight gain of dairy cows as affected by dietary different quality of diets. The </em><em>experiment used </em><em>15 </em><em>lactating PFH were assigned into three treatments of diets and</em></p></div><em><br clear="all" /> </em><p class="Style1"><em> </em><em>five replication, three treatments of diets were </em><em>: </em><em>1) T1 (CP </em><em>12% dan TDN 65%); 2) T2 (CP 14% dan TDN 70%) dan 3) T3 (CP 16% dan TDN 75%).</em></p><p class="Style1"><em>The results of this experiment showed that the average of dry matter (DM) intake on Tl, T2 and T3 treatments were </em><em>8,59; </em><em>10,03 and </em><em>10,94 </em><em>kg/d, respectively </em><em>(P&lt;0,01). The average of crude protein intake (CP) on T1, </em><em>T2 and T3 treatments were 1,06; 1,44 and 1,71 kg/d (P&lt;0,01), also the average of TDN intake on T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 5,52; 6,86 and 8,02 kg/d (P&lt;0,01). The average of Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration on T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 10,21: 11,18 and 10,44 g/dl (P&gt;0,05), also the average of eritrosit value on TI, T2 and T3 treatments were 3,37; 3,73 and 3,48 million/mm<sup>3;</sup>, respectively (P&gt;0,05). The average of milk yield on T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 8,12; 11,29 and 13,42 l/d (P&lt;0,05). The average of liveweight gain on TI, T2 and T3 treatments were 81,66; 117,71 and 320,00 g/d (P&gt;0,05). </em></p><p class="Style1"><em>The conclusions of this research was the highest level of CP and </em><em>"1'DN </em><em>in </em><em>diets (CP 16% and </em><em>TDN 75%) showed that feed intake (DM, CP and TDN) and milk yield gave the best than other treatments. Different dietary quality of diets altered significant on feed intake (DM, CP and TDN) and milk yield, but the treatments did not affect on liveweight gain, Fib and eritrosit concentration.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><em>Key words :     diets quality, feed intake, blood profile, milk yield, liveweight gain, dairy cows</em>

scholarly journals Effect of protein and energy levels in a constant ratio supplemented with methionine and lysine on performance of layers and on egg quality.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
A.R. El Boushy ◽  
L.G.M. van Gils ◽  
M.C. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Constant Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Egg Weight

Twenty groups of 36 laying hens in individual cages were fed on one of 5 diets in which the energy:protein ratio was constant. Diets 1 to 5 had crude protein 12.0, 12.9, 14.0, 15.0 and 16.0% and metabolizable energy 8.71, 9.57, 10.27, 11.10 and 11.70 MJ/kg. From 24 to 64 weeks old, egg production of hens given diets 1 to 5 was 71.46, 71.31, 72.51, 71.13 and 69.99%, respectively. Corresponding values of mean egg weight, weekly feed intake and efficiency of feed conversion were 60.51, 60.47, 61.11, 61.02, 61.07 g; 157.16, 147.56, 142.03, 130.37, 126.72 g; 3.674, 3.460, 3.262, 3.031, 3.014 kg feed/kg egg, respectively. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Effect of essential and vegetable oil blend supplementation on animal performance, feed intake, rumen fermentation and rumen microbial populations of crossbred steers finished in a pasture system

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e738998057
Author(s):  
Camila Mottin ◽  
Francisco Augusto Ricci Catalano ◽  
Daniele Maggioni Chefer ◽  
Fabiana Lana de Araújo ◽  
Venício Macedo Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Oil Blends ◽  
Oil Blend

Recent years have seen a general increase in consumer concern regarding the profile of additives in animal feed and food sources, prompting the industry to study essential oil blends that have been promoted to replace synthetic products. This study evaluated the effect of essential oil blends supplementation on animal performance, feed intake, rumen fermentation and rumen microbial populations in crossbred steers finished in a pasture system. A total of 40 steers (½ Bons Mara vs. ½ Nellore) with a mean age of 20 ± 2.0 months and a mean body weight of 416.9 ± 5.56 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design with five diets and eight replications per diet. The five experimental diets were: CONT – basal diet, and oil blend inclusion in dosages of 1500, 3000, 4500 or 6000 mg/animal/d. Animal performance was similar among diets. The forage intake, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, ethereal extract, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and the digestibility of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and non-fibrous carbohydrates were greater when essential oil blends were fed to steers. There was an increase in the concentrations of rumen ammonia nitrogen, and propionic and isovaleric volatile fatty acids when essential oil blends were used. The microbiological population of the rumen was similar among the five diets. Our results suggest that the inclusion of doses above 1500 mg/animal/ is high for livestock grazing on temperate pasture, further studies are needed to identify a promising dose to replace antimicrobial additives.

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